Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.155
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13.155.1
आलोकदानं नामैतत्कीदृशं भरतर्षभ ।
कथमेतत्समुत्पन्नं फलं वा तद्ब्रवीहि मे ॥ १३.१५५.१ ॥
Bull of the Bharatas, what kind of gift is this called the gift of light? How did it arise, and what is its fruit? Tell me.
13.155.2
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
मनोः प्रजापतेर्वादं सुवर्णस्य च भारत ॥ १३.१५५.२ ॥
Here too they recount this ancient story: the dialogue of Manu, the lord of creatures, and Suvarṇa, O Bhārata.
13.155.3
तपस्वी कश्चिदभवत्सुवर्णो नाम भारत ।
वर्णतो हेमवर्णः स सुवर्ण इति विश्रुतः ॥ १३.१५५.३ ॥
There was an ascetic named Suvarṇa, O Bhārata. Because of his complexion, golden in hue, he became famous under the name Suvarṇa.
13.155.4
कुलशीलगुणोपेतः स्वाध्यायोपरमं गतः ।
बहून्सुवंशप्रभवान्समतीतः स्वकैर्गुणैः ॥ १३.१५५.४ ॥
Endowed with noble family, conduct and virtues, he had ceased his private recitation of the Veda; by his own qualities he surpassed many who were born into fine lineages.
13.155.5
स कदाचिन्मनुं विप्रो ददर्शोपससर्प च ।
कुशलप्रश्नमन्योन्यं तौ चोभौ तत्र चक्रतुः ॥ १३.१५५.५ ॥
Once that brahmin saw Manu and approached him; there the two of them asked one another after their well-being.
13.155.6
ततस्तौ सत्यसंकल्पौ मेरौ काञ्चनपर्वते ।
देवर्षिभिः सदा जुष्टे सहितौ संन्यषीदताम् ॥ १३.१५५.६ ॥
Then the two of them, true in their resolve, sat down together on Meru's golden mountain, always frequented by the divine sages.
13.155.7
तत्र तौ कथयन्तौ स्तां कथा नानाविधाश्रयाः ।
ब्रह्मर्षिदेवदैत्यानां पुराणानां महात्मनाम् ॥ १३.१५५.७ ॥
There the two of them were telling many kinds of tales, the ancient lore of brahmin-sages, gods, and demons, and of the great-souled ones.
13.155.8
सुवर्णस्त्वब्रवीद्वाक्यं मनुं स्वायंभुवं प्रति ।
हितार्थं सर्वभूतानां प्रश्नं मे वक्तुमर्हसि ॥ १३.१५५.८ ॥
Then Suvarṇa spoke these words to Manu, the son of Svayambhū: 'For the welfare of all beings, you are fit to answer my question.'
13.155.9
सुमनोगन्धधूपाद्यैरिज्यन्ते दैवतानि च ।
किमेतत्कथमुत्पन्नं फलं योगं च शंस मे ॥ १३.१५५.९ ॥
'With flowers, fragrance, incense, and the like the gods are worshipped. How did this arise, what is its fruit, and what is its connection? Tell me.'
13.155.11
बलेर्वैरोचनस्येह त्रैलोक्यमनुशासतः ।
समीपमाजगामाशु शुक्रो भृगुकुलोद्वहः ॥ १३.१५५.११ ॥
Here, while Bali, son of Virocana, was ruling the three worlds, Śukra, the foremost of the Bhṛgu line, quickly came near him.
13.155.12
तमर्घ्यादिभिरभ्यर्च्य भार्गवं सोऽसुराधिपः ।
निषसादासने पश्चाद्विधिवद्भूरिदक्षिणः ॥ १३.१५५.१२ ॥
Having honoured that Bhārgava with the water of welcome and so on, the lord of the asuras, lavish in gifts, afterwards sat down on a seat, according to rule.
13.155.13
कथेयमभवत्तत्र त्वया या परिकीर्तिता ।
सुमनोधूपदीपानां सम्प्रदाने फलं प्रति ॥ १३.१५५.१३ ॥
'This is the same account that you proclaimed there, concerning the fruit of giving flowers, incense, and lamps.'
13.155.14
ततः पप्रच्छ दैत्येन्द्रः कवीन्द्रं प्रश्नमुत्तमम् ॥ १३.१५५.१४ ॥
Then the lord of the Daityas asked the lord of poets an excellent question.
13.155.15
सुमनोधूपदीपानां किं फलं ब्रह्मिवित्तम ।
प्रदानस्य द्विजश्रेष्ठ तद्भवान्वक्तुमर्हति ॥ १३.१५५.१५ ॥
O best of those who know Brahman, what is the fruit of giving flowers, incense and lamps? O best of the twice-born, you are fit to tell that.
13.155.16
अग्नीषोमादिसृष्टौ तु विष्णोः सर्वात्मनः प्रभोः ।
तपः पूर्वं समुत्पन्नं धर्मस्तस्मादनन्तरम् ॥ १३.१५५.१६ ॥
In the creation beginning with Agni and Soma, from Viṣṇu, the lord and self of all, austerity first arose, and dharma afterwards.
13.155.17
एतस्मिन्नन्तरे चैव वीरुदोषध्य एव च ।
सोमस्यात्मा च बहुधा सम्भूतः पृथिवीतले।
अमृतं च विषं चैव याश्चान्यास्तृणजातयः ॥ १३.१५५.१७ ॥
In the meantime, creepers and herbs, and the essence of Soma in many forms, arose on the surface of the earth; nectar and poison too, and the other kinds of grass.
13.155.18
अमृतं मनसः प्रीतिं सद्यस्तृप्तिं ददाति च ।
मनो ग्लपयते तीव्रं विषं गन्धेन सर्वशः ॥ १३.१५५.१८ ॥
Nectar gives the mind delight and immediate satisfaction; poison, by its smell, sharply wearies the mind on every side.
13.155.19
अमृतं मङ्गलं विद्धि महद्विषममङ्गलम् ।
ओषध्यो ह्यमृतं सर्वा विषं तेजोग्निसम्भवम् ॥ १३.१५५.१९ ॥
Know nectar to be auspicious, and poison the great inauspicious thing. All herbs are indeed nectar; poison arose from fiery energy.
13.155.20
अमृतं मनो ह्लादयते श्रियं चापि ददाति च ।
तस्मात्सुमनसः प्रोक्ता नरैः सुकृतकर्मभिः ॥ १३.१५५.२० ॥
Nectar gladdens the mind and also bestows prosperity; therefore these are called sumanas (good-minded) by men who perform good deeds.
13.155.21
देवताभ्यः सुमनसो यो ददाति नरः शुचिः ।
तस्मै सुमनसो देवास्तस्मात्सुमनसः स्मृताः ॥ १३.१५५.२१ ॥
The pure man who offers flowers to the gods — the gods become well-disposed (sumanas) toward him; therefore these are remembered as sumanas.
13.155.22
यंयमुद्दिश्य दीयेरन्देवं सुमनसः प्रभो ।
मङ्गलार्तं स तेनास्य प्रीतो भवति दैत्यप ॥ १३.१५५.२२ ॥
O lord, to whichever god the flowers are offered, that god becomes pleased with the one who seeks auspiciousness through them, O lord of the Daityas.
13.155.23
ज्ञेयास्तूग्राश्च सौम्याश्च तेजस्विन्यश्च ताः पृथक् ।
ओषध्यो बहुवीर्या हि बहुरूपास्तथैव च ॥ १३.१५५.२३ ॥
These herbs must be known individually — some fierce, some gentle, and some radiant; they are of many potencies and of many forms.
13.155.24
यज्ञियानां च वृक्षाणामयज्ञीयान्निबोध मे ।
आसुराणि च माल्यानि दैवतेभ्यो हितानि च ॥ १३.१५५.२४ ॥
Learn from me which trees are fit for sacrifice and which are not; learn also the garlands of the Asuras and those that are beneficial to the gods.
13.155.25
रक्षसामुरगाणां च यक्षाणां च तथा प्रियाः ।
मनुष्याणां पितॄणां च कान्ता यास्त्वनुपूर्वशः ॥ १३.१५५.२५ ॥
Those that are dear to the rakṣasas, serpents and yakṣas, and those that are dear and lovely to humans and the ancestors — these, in due order (you shall learn).
13.155.26
वन्या ग्राम्याश्चेह तथा कृष्टोप्ताः पर्वताश्रयाः ।
अकण्टकाः कण्टकिनो गन्धरूपरसान्विताः ॥ १३.१५५.२६ ॥
Here are the wild and the village-grown plants, those ploughed and sown, those dwelling on mountains, the thornless and the thorny, endowed with scent, form and flavour.
13.155.27
द्विविधो हि स्मृतो गन्ध इष्टोऽनिष्टश्च पुष्पजः ।
इष्टगन्धानि देवानां पुष्पाणीति विभावय ॥ १३.१५५.२७ ॥
Scent is declared to be of two kinds, agreeable and disagreeable, born from flowers. Understand that the flowers of the gods have agreeable scents.
13.155.28
अकण्टकानां वृक्षाणां श्वेतप्रायाश्च वर्णतः ।
तेषां पुष्पाणि देवानामिष्टानि सततं प्रभो ॥ १३.१५५.२८ ॥
The flowers of thornless trees, mostly white in colour, O lord, are always agreeable to the gods.
13.155.29
पद्मं च तुलसी जातिरापः सर्वेषु पूजिता ।
जलजानि च माल्यानि पद्मादीनि च यानि वै।
गन्धर्वनागयक्षेभ्यस्तानि दद्याद्विचक्षणः ॥ १३.१५५.२९ ॥
The lotus, tulsī, jasmine and water are honoured among all. Whatever water-born things and garlands of lotus and the like there are, the wise man should give them to the Gandharvas, Nāgas and Yakṣas.
13.155.30
ओषध्यो रक्तपुष्पाश्च कटुकाः कण्टकान्विताः ।
शत्रूणामभिचारार्थमथर्वसु निदर्शिताः ॥ १३.१५५.३० ॥
Herbs with red flowers, pungent and bearing thorns, are indicated in the Atharvan texts for hostile rites against enemies.
13.155.31
तीक्ष्णवीर्यास्तु भूतानां दुरालम्भाः सकण्टकाः ।
रक्तभूयिष्ठवर्णाश्च कृष्णाश्चैवोपहारयेत् ॥ १३.१५५.३१ ॥
But for the spirits one should offer those of sharp potency, hard to approach, thorny, mostly red in colour, and also dark ones.
13.155.32
मनोहृदयनन्दिन्यो विमर्दे मधुराश्च याः ।
चारुररूपाः सुमनसो मानुपाणां स्मृता विभो ॥ १३.१५५.३२ ॥
Those flowers that delight the mind and heart, that are sweet even when crushed, of lovely form — these, O mighty one, are declared fit for men.
13.155.33
न तु श्मशानसम्भूता न देवायतनोद्भवाः ।
सन्नयेत्पुष्टियुक्तेषु विवाहेषु रहःसु च ॥ १३.१५५.३३ ॥
But not those born in cremation grounds, nor those sprung from temples of the gods; they should be offered in rites that bring prosperity, in weddings, and in secret observances.
13.155.34
गिरिसानुरुहाः सौम्या देवानामुपधारयेत् ।
प्रोक्षिताभ्युक्षिताः सौम्या यथायोगं यथास्मृति ॥ १३.१५५.३४ ॥
Gentle flowers that grow on mountain slopes should be offered to the gods; gentle flowers sprinkled and besprinkled should be offered as is fitting and as tradition prescribes.
13.155.35
गन्धेन देवास्तुष्यन्ति दर्शनाद्यक्षराक्षसाः ।
नागाः समुपभोगेन त्रिभिरेतैस्तु मानुषाः ॥ १३.१५५.३५ ॥
By fragrance the gods are pleased; by sight, the yakṣas and rākṣasas; the nāgas are pleased by enjoyment; and men are pleased by these three.
13.155.36
सद्यः प्रीणाति देवान्वै ते प्रीता भावयन्त्युत ।
सङ्कल्पसिद्धा मर्त्यानामीप्सिताश्च मनोरथाः ॥ १३.१५५.३६ ॥
It pleases the gods at once; pleased, they nourish in turn, and mortals' resolves are fulfilled and their desired wishes realised.
13.155.37
देवाः प्रीणन्ति सततं मानिता मानयन्ति च ।
अवज्ञातावधूताश्च निर्दहन्त्यधमान्नरान् ॥ १३.१५५.३७ ॥
The gods are always pleased; when honored, they in turn honor; but when disregarded or spurned, they burn base men to ashes.
13.155.38
अत ऊर्ध्वं प्रवक्ष्यामि धूपदानविधेः फलम् ।
धूपांश्च विविधान्साधूनसाधूंश्च निबोध मे ॥ १३.१५५.३८ ॥
Now I shall declare the fruit of the rule for offering incense; learn from me the various good and bad incenses.
13.155.39
निर्यासाः सरलाश्चैव कृत्रिमाश्चैव ते त्रयः ।
इष्टोऽनिष्टो भवेद्गन्धस्तन्मे विस्तरशः शृणु ॥ १३.१५५.३९ ॥
Resins, pine-resin and prepared ones: these are the three; a fragrance may be agreeable or disagreeable. Hear this from me in detail.
13.155.40
निर्यासाः सल्लकीवर्ज्या देवानां दयितास्तु ते ।
गुग्गुलुः प्रवरस्तेषां सर्वेपामिति निश्चयः ॥ १३.१५५.४० ॥
Except for salla, these resins are dear to the gods; among them guggulu is the best—this is certain.
13.155.41
अगुरुः सारिणां श्रेष्ठो यक्षराक्षसभोगिनाम् ।
दैत्यानां सल्लकीजश्च काङ्क्षितो यश्च तद्विधः ॥ १३.१५५.४१ ॥
Agaru is the best of the fragrant woods, for yakṣas, rākṣasas and serpents; for the daityas, that born of salla and such as is desired.
13.155.42
अथ सर्जरसादीनां गन्धैः पार्थिवदारवैः ।
फाणितासवसंयुक्तैर्मनुष्याणां विधीयते ॥ १३.१५५.४२ ॥
Now, for humans, it is prescribed with fragrances of sarja-resin and the rest, from earthly woods, combined with molasses and wine.
13.155.43
देवदानवभूतानां सद्यस्तुष्ठिकरः स्मृतः ।
येऽन्ये वैहारिकास्तत्र मानुषाणामिति स्मृताः ॥ १३.१५५.४३ ॥
For gods, danavas and spirits it is remembered as bringing immediate satisfaction; the other recreational ones are said to be for humans.
13.155.44
य एवोक्ताः सुमनसां प्रदाने गुणहेतवः ।
धूपेष्वपि परिज्ञेयास्त एव प्रीतिवर्धनाः ॥ १३.१५५.४४ ॥
The very causes of merit declared for the gift of flowers are to be understood also for incense; those same things increase delight.
13.155.45
दीपदाने प्रवक्ष्यामि फलयोगमनुत्तमम् ।
यथा येन यदा चैव प्रदेया यादृशाश्च ते ॥ १३.१५५.४५ ॥
I shall declare the unsurpassed connection with fruit in the giving of lamps: how, by whom, when, and of what kind the lamps are to be given.
13.155.46
ज्योतिस्तेजः प्रकाशं वाऽप्यूध्वगं चापि वर्धते ।
प्रदानं तेजसां तस्मात्तेजो वर्धयते नृणाम् ॥ १३.१५५.४६ ॥
Light, brilliance and radiance grow even when they rise upward; therefore the giving of brilliances increases the brilliance of men.
13.155.47
अन्धतमस्तमिस्रं च दक्षिणायनमेव च ।
उत्तरायणमेतस्माज्ज्योतिर्दानं प्रशस्यते ॥ १३.१५५.४७ ॥
Blind darkness, deep darkness, the southern course and the northern course: from these, the gift of light is praised.
13.155.48
यस्मादूर्ध्वगमे तत्तु तमसश्चैव भेषजम् ।
तस्मादूर्ध्वगतेर्दाता भवेदत्रेति निश्चयः ॥ १३.१५५.४८ ॥
Since that is the remedy for darkness in the upward course, the giver should therefore be a giver of the upward course here—this is the conclusion.
13.155.49
देवास्तेजस्विनो यस्मात्प्रभावन्तः प्रकाशकाः ।
तामसा राक्षसाश्चैव तस्माद्दीपः प्रदीयते ॥ १३.१५५.४९ ॥
Because the gods are radiant, powerful and illuminating, while the dark rākṣasas are not, therefore a lamp is offered.
13.155.50
आलोकदानाच्चक्षुष्मान्प्रभायुक्तो भवेन्नरः ।
तान्दत्त्वा नोपहिंसेन न हरेन्नोपनाशयेत् ॥ १३.१५५.५० ॥
By giving light a man becomes sighted and endowed with radiance. Having given them, he should not harm them, nor take them away, nor cause them to perish.
13.155.51
दीपहार्ता भवेदन्धस्तमोगतिरसुप्रभः ।
दीपप्रदः स्वर्गलोके दीपमाली विराजते ॥ १३.१५५.५१ ॥
A thief of lamps becomes blind, goes the way of darkness, and lacks the radiance of life. The giver of a lamp shines in the heaven-world, adorned with garlands of lamps.
13.155.52
हविपा प्रथमः कल्पो द्वितीयश्चौषधीरसैः ।
वसामेदोस्थिनिर्यासैर्न कार्यः पुष्टिमिच्छता ॥ १३.१५५.५२ ॥
The first rite is with oblations, the second with juices of herbs. One who desires nourishment should not perform it with fat, marrow, bone, or exudations.
13.155.53
देवालये सभायां च गिरौ चैत्यचतुष्पथे ।
दीपदाता भवेन्नित्यं य इच्छेद्भूतिमात्मनः ॥ १३.१५५.५३ ॥
One who desires his own prosperity should always be a giver of lamps in a temple, an assembly hall, on a mountain, at a shrine, or at a crossroads.
13.155.54
कुलोद्योतो विशुद्धात्मा प्रकाशत्वं च गच्छति ।
ज्योतिषां चैव सालोक्यं दीपदाता भवेन्नरः ॥ १३.१५५.५४ ॥
A man who illumines his lineage and has a purified soul attains radiance; a giver of a lamp attains even sālokya, dwelling in the same world as the lights.
13.155.55
बलिकर्मसु वक्ष्यामि गुणान्कर्मफलोदयान् ।
देवयक्षोरगनृणां भूतानामथ रक्षसाम् ॥ १३.१५५.५५ ॥
Concerning the rites of offering, I shall describe their qualities and the fruits that arise from action, for gods, yakṣas, serpents, men, spirits, and rākṣasas.
13.155.56
येषां नाग्रभुजो विप्रा देवतातिथिबालकाः ।
राक्षसानेव तान्विद्धि निर्वषट्कारमङ्गलान् ॥ १३.१५५.५६ ॥
Know those for whom brahmins, gods, guests and children do not partake of the first portion as rakṣasas, lacking the vaṣaṭ call and auspicious rites.
13.155.57
तस्मादग्रं प्रयच्छेत देवभ्यः प्रतिपूजितम् ।
शिरसा प्रणतश्चापि हरेद्बलिमतन्द्रितः ॥ १३.१५५.५७ ॥
Therefore one should offer the first portion to the gods, duly honored, and bearing the offering with bowed head, without negligence.
13.155.58
गृह्णन्ति देवता नित्यमाशंसन्ति सदा गृहान् ।
बाह्याश्चागन्तवो येऽन्ये यक्षराक्षसपन्नगाः ॥ १३.१५५.५८ ॥
The gods always receive it and wish well for the households; so do the external visitors and other yakṣas, rākṣasas and serpents.
13.155.59
इतो दत्तेन जीवन्ति देवताः पितरस्तथा ।
ते प्रीताः प्रीणयन्त्येनमायुषा यशसा धनैः ॥ १३.१५५.५९ ॥
By what is given from here, the gods and ancestors live; pleased, they nourish him with long life, fame and wealth.
13.155.60
बलयः सह पुष्पैस्तु देवानामुपहारयेत् ।
दधिदुग्धमयाः पुण्याः सुगन्धाः प्रियदर्शनाः ॥ १३.१५५.६० ॥
One should present offerings with flowers to the gods: made of curds and milk, pure, fragrant and pleasing to behold.
13.155.61
कार्या रुधिरमांसाढ्या बलयो यक्षरक्षसाम् ।
सुरासवपुरस्कारा लाजोल्लापिकभूषिताः ॥ १३.१५५.६१ ॥
For yakṣas and rākṣasas, offerings rich in blood and flesh should be made, with liquor and wine placed foremost, adorned with puffed grain and garlands.
13.155.62
नागानां दयिता नित्यं पद्मोत्पलविमिश्रिताः ।
तिलान्गुडसुसम्पन्नान्भूतानामुपहारयेत् ॥ १३.१५५.६२ ॥
Always pleasing to the nāgas, mixed with lotuses and blue lotuses, richly provided with sesame and jaggery — one should offer it to the bhūtas.
13.155.63
अग्रदाताऽग्रभोगी स्याद्बलवीर्यसमन्वितः ।
तस्मादग्रं प्रयच्छेत देवभ्यः प्रतिपूजितम् ॥ १३.१५५.६३ ॥
The giver of the first portion becomes the first enjoyer, endowed with strength and vigour; therefore one should offer the first portion, honoured, to the gods.
13.155.64
ज्वलन्त्यहरहो वेश्म याश्चास्य गृहदेवताः ।
ताः पूज्या भूतिकामेन प्रसृताग्रप्रदायिना ॥ १३.१५५.६४ ॥
The household deities of the house where lamps burn day after day — they should be worshipped by one who desires prosperity and gives the first portion to those who come.
13.155.65
इत्येतदसुरेन्द्राय काव्यः प्रोवाच भार्गवः ।
सुवर्णाय मनुः प्राह सुवर्णो नारदाय च ॥ १३.१५५.६५ ॥
Thus Kāvya the Bhārgava declared it to the lord of the asuras; Manu told it to Suvarṇa, and Suvarṇa told it to Nārada.
13.155.66
नारदोऽपि मयि प्राह गुणानेतान्महाद्युते ।
त्वमप्येतद्विदित्वेह सर्वमाचर पुत्रक ॥ १३.१५५.६६ ॥
Nārada too spoke these virtues to me, O radiant one. You too, knowing this, practise all of it here, my son.