Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.161

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13.161.1

शतायुरुक्तः पुरुषः शतवीर्यश्चि वैदिके ।
कस्मान्म्रियन्ते पुरुषा बाला अपि पितामह ॥ १३.१६१.१ ॥

The Veda says a man is said to live a hundred years and have a hundred-fold vigour; then why do men die, grandfather, even children?

13.161.2

आयुष्मान्केन भवति अल्पायुर्वाऽपि मानवः ।
केन वा लभते कीर्तिं केन वा लभते श्रियम् ॥ १३.१६१.२ ॥

By what does a man become long-lived, or short-lived? By what does he obtain fame, and by what does he obtain prosperity?

13.161.3

तपसा ब्रह्मचर्येण जपैर्होमैस्तथा परैः ।
जन्मना यदि वाऽचारात्तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥ १३.१६१.३ ॥

Is it by austerity, by celibate discipline, by recitation, by fire offerings or by other means, by birth or by conduct? Tell me that, grandfather.

13.161.4

अत्र तेऽहं प्रवक्ष्यामि यन्मां त्वमनुपृच्छसि ।
अल्पायुर्येन भवति दीर्घायुर्येनि मानवः ॥ १३.१६१.४ ॥

Here I shall tell you what you ask me: by what a man becomes short-lived, and by what he becomes long-lived.

13.161.5

येन वा लभते कीर्तिं येन वा लभते श्रियम् ।
यथा च वर्तयन्पुरुषः श्रेयसा सम्प्रयुज्यते ॥ १३.१६१.५ ॥

By which one obtains fame, by which one obtains prosperity, and how a man, conducting himself thus, is joined to welfare.

13.161.6

आचाराल्लभते ह्यायुराचाराल्लभते श्रियम् ।
आचारात्कीर्तिमाप्नोति पुरुषः प्रेत्य चेह च ॥ १३.१६१.६ ॥

Indeed, from conduct a man obtains long life; from conduct he obtains prosperity; from conduct he attains fame, both after death and here.

13.161.7

दुराचारो हि पुरुषो नेहायुर्विन्दते महत् ।
त्रसन्ति चास्य भूतानि तथा परिभवन्ति च ॥ १३.१६१.७ ॥

A man of bad conduct does not obtain a great lifespan in this world; creatures fear him, and they likewise despise him.

13.161.8

तस्मात्कुर्यादिहाचारं य इच्छेद्भूतिमात्मनः ।
अपि पापशरीरस्य आचारो हन्त्यलक्षणम् ॥ १३.१६१.८ ॥

Therefore one who desires prosperity for himself should practise good conduct here; good conduct destroys the inauspicious mark even of one whose body is sinful.

13.161.9

आचारलक्षणो धर्मः सन्तश्चारित्रलक्षणाः ।
साधूनां च यथावृत्तमेतदाचारलक्षणम् ॥ १३.१६१.९ ॥

Dharma is marked by conduct, and the good are marked by character; the conduct of the virtuous as it is—this is the mark of good conduct.

13.161.10

अप्यदृष्टं श्रवादेव पुरुषं धर्मचारिणम् ।
स्वानि कर्माणि कुर्वाणं तं जनाः कुर्वते प्रियम् ॥ १३.१६१.१० ॥

Even a man of dharma who performs his own duties, though unseen, is held dear by people merely on hearing of him.

13.161.11

ये नास्तिका निष्क्रियाश्च गुरुशास्त्रातिलङ्घिनः ।
अधर्मज्ञा दुराचारास्ते भवन्ति गतायुषः ॥ १३.१६१.११ ॥

Those who are unbelievers, inactive, who transgress the teacher and the scripture, who know unrighteousness, and are of bad conduct, become short-lived.

13.161.12

विशीला भिन्नमर्यादा नित्यं सङ्कीर्णमैथुनाः ।
अल्पायुषो भवन्तीह नरा निरयगामिनः ॥ १३.१६१.१२ ॥

Men without virtue, who constantly break the bounds and engage in confused sexual conduct, become short-lived here and go to hell.

13.161.13

सर्वलक्षणहीनोऽपि समुदाचारवान्नरः ।
श्रद्दधानोऽनसूयुश्च शतं वर्षाणि जीवति ॥ १३.१६१.१३ ॥

Though lacking all auspicious marks, a man who is of good conduct, full of faith, and free from envy lives a hundred years.

13.161.14

अक्रोधनः सत्यवादी भूतानामविहिंसकः ।
अनसूयुरजिह्मश्च शतं वर्षाणि जीवति ॥ १३.१६१.१४ ॥

A man free from anger, speaking the truth, not harming any being, free from envy and straightforward, lives a hundred years.

13.161.15

लोष्ठमर्दी तृणच्छेदी नखखादी च यो नरः ।
नित्योच्छिष्टः सङ्कुसुको नेहायुर्विन्दते महत् ॥ १३.१६१.१५ ॥

The man who crushes clods, cuts grass, bites his nails, is always defiled by leftovers and is untidy does not obtain great life here.

13.161.16

ब्राह्मे मुहूर्ते बुध्येत धर्मार्थौ चानुचिन्तयेत् ।
उत्थाय चोपतिष्ठेत पूर्वां सन्ध्यां कृताञ्जलिः।
एवमेवापरां सन्ध्यां समुपासीत वाग्यतः ॥ १३.१६१.१६ ॥

At the Brahma hour one should wake and reflect on dharma and artha. Rising, with folded hands, one should attend to the former twilight; likewise, with speech restrained, one should attend to the latter twilight.

13.161.17

नेक्षेतादित्यमुद्यन्तं नास्तं यन्तं कदाचन ।
नोपसृष्टं न वारिस्थं न मध्यं नभसो गतम् ॥ १३.१६१.१७ ॥

One should never look at the rising sun or the setting sun; nor at the sun obscured by an eclipse, nor the sun in water, nor the sun gone to the middle of the sky.

13.161.18

ऋषयो नित्यसन्ध्यत्वाद्दीर्घमायुरवाप्नुवन् ॥ १३.१६१.१८ ॥

The sages, because of their constant twilight worship, obtained long life.

13.161.19

सदर्भपाणिस्तत्कुर्वन्वाग्यतस्तन्मनाः शुचिः ।
तस्मात्तिष्ठेत्सदा पूर्वां पश्चिमां चैव वाग्यतः ॥ १३.१६१.१९ ॥

With kuśa grass in hand, doing that, speech restrained, mind fixed upon it, pure — therefore one should always stand, speech restrained, for the morning and the evening twilight.

13.161.20

ये न पूर्वामुपासन्ते द्विजाः संध्यां न पश्चिमाम् ।
सर्वांस्तान्धार्मिको राजा शूद्रकर्माणि कारयेत् ॥ १३.१६१.२० ॥

Those twice-born men who do not worship at the morning twilight or the evening twilight — all of them, the righteous king shall make do the work of śūdras.

13.161.21

परदारा न गन्तव्याः सर्ववर्णेषु कर्हिचित् ।
नहीदृशमनायुष्यं लोके किञ्चन विद्यते ॥ १३.१६१.२१ ॥

Another's wives must never be approached, in any social order, at any time; for there is nothing in the world so shortening of life as this.

13.161.22

यादृशं पुरुषस्येह परदारोपसेवनम् ।
तादृशं विद्यते किञ्चिदनायुष्यं नृणामिह ॥ १३.१६१.२२ ॥

Just as consorting with another's wife shortens a man's life here, there is nothing else here that shortens the life of men so much.

13.161.23

यावन्तो रोमकूपाः स्युः स्त्रीणां गात्रेषु निर्मिताः ।
तावद्वर्षसहस्राणि नरकं पर्युपासते ॥ १३.१६१.२३ ॥

For as many thousands of years as there are hair-pores formed in the bodies of women, they dwell in hell.

13.161.24

मैत्रं प्रसाधनं स्नानमञ्जनं दन्तधावनम् ।
पूर्वाह्ण एव कुर्वीत देवतानां च पूजनम् ॥ १३.१६१.२४ ॥

Friendly observance, adorning oneself, bathing, applying collyrium, cleansing the teeth — one should do all of these in the forenoon, and also worship the gods.

13.161.25

पुरीषमूत्रे नोदीक्षेन्नाधितिष्ठेत्कदाचन ।
नातिकल्यं नातिसायं न च मध्यंदिने स्थिते।
नाज्ञातैः सह गच्छेत नैको न वृषलैः सह ॥ १३.१६१.२५ ॥

One should not look upon excrement or urine, nor ever stand upon it. One should not go out too early in the morning, nor too late in the evening, nor at midday when the sun stands overhead. One should not go with strangers, nor alone, nor with outcastes.

13.161.26

पन्था देयो ब्राह्मणाय गोभ्यो राजभ्य एव च ।
वृद्धाय भारतप्ताय गर्भिण्यै दुर्बलाय च ॥ १३.१६१.२६ ॥

The path should be yielded to a brahmin, to cows, and to kings. It should also be yielded to the elder, to one scorched by a burden, to a pregnant woman, and to the weak.

13.161.27

प्रदक्षिणं च कुर्वीत परिज्ञातान्वनस्पतीन् ।
चतुष्पदान्मङ्गलांश्च मान्यान्वृद्धान्द्विजानपि ॥ १३.१६१.२७ ॥

One should circumambulate keeping the right side toward them: well-known trees, auspicious quadrupeds, honoured elders, and twice-born men as well.

13.161.28

मध्यंदिने निशाकाले अर्धरात्रे च सर्वदा ।
चतुष्पथं न सेवेत उभे सन्ध्ये तथैव च ॥ १३.१६१.२८ ॥

At midday, at night, at midnight, and always, one should not frequent a crossroads; and likewise at both twilights.

13.161.29

उपानहौ न वस्त्रं च धृतमन्यैर्न धारयेत् ।
ब्रह्मचारी च नित्यं स्यात्पादं पादेन नाक्रमेत् ॥ १३.१६१.२९ ॥

One should not wear sandals or a garment worn by others. A celibate student should always remain so, and should not press one foot upon the other.

13.161.30

अमावास्यां पौर्णमास्यां चतुर्दश्यां च जन्मनि ।
अष्टम्यामथ द्वादश्यां ब्रह्मचारी सदा भवेत् ॥ १३.१६१.३० ॥

On the new-moon day, the full-moon day, the fourteenth lunar day, on one's birthday, the eighth lunar day, and the twelfth lunar day, a celibate student should always remain so.

13.161.31

वृथा मांसं न खादेनि पृष्ठमांसं तथैव च ।
आक्रोशं परिवादं च पैशुन्यं च विवर्जयेत् ॥ १३.१६१.३१ ॥

One should not eat flesh needlessly, nor backbite. One should avoid abuse, slander and tale-bearing.

13.161.32

नारुन्तुदः स्यान्न नृशंसवादी ।
न हीनतो वरमभ्याददीत।
ययाऽस्य वाचा पर उद्विजेत ।
न तां वदेद्रुशतीं पापलोक्याम् ॥ १३.१६१.३२ ॥

One should not be one who causes pain, nor speak cruel words. One should accept nothing from a lowly person. One should not speak that sinful, hurtful speech by which another is agitated.

13.161.33

अतिवादबाणा मुखतो निःसरन्ति ।
यैराहतः शोचति रात्र्यहानि।
परस्य वा मर्मसु ये पतन्ति ।
तान्पण्डितो नावसृजेत्परेषु ॥ १३.१६१.३३ ॥

Arrows of harsh speech issue from the mouth; struck by them, a man grieves night and day. The wise should not loose such words upon others, which fall upon the vital spots of another.

13.161.34

संरोहत्यग्निना दग्धं वनं परशुना हतम् ।
वाचा दुरुक्तं बीभत्सं न संरोहति वाक्क्षतम् ॥ १३.१६१.३४ ॥

A forest burned by fire grows green again, and so does one felled by the axe. But the wound of a shameful harsh word spoken by speech does not heal.

13.161.35

कर्णिनालीकनाराचान्निर्हरन्ति शरीरतः ।
वाक्शल्यस्तु न निर्हर्तुं शक्यो हृदिशयो हि सः ॥ १३.१६१.३५ ॥

Barbed arrows and iron shafts can be drawn out from the body; but the thorn of speech cannot be removed, for it lodges in the heart.

13.161.36

हीनाङ्गानतिरिक्ताङ्गान्विद्याहीनान्वयोधिकान् ।
रूपद्रविणहीनांश्च सत्यहीनांश्च नाक्षिपेत् ॥ १३.१६१.३६ ॥

One should not revile those with defective limbs or extra limbs, those lacking learning, those senior in age, those lacking beauty or wealth, and those lacking truth.

13.161.37

नास्तिक्यं वेदनिन्दां च परनिन्दां च कुत्सनम् ।
द्वेषस्तम्भाभिमानं च तैक्ष्ण्यं च परिवर्जयेत् ॥ १३.१६१.३७ ॥

One should avoid disbelief, reviling the Vedas, reviling others and disparagement, hatred, obstinacy, conceit, and harshness.

13.161.38

परस्य दण्डं नोद्यच्छेत्क्रुद्धो नैनं निपातयेत् ।
अन्यत्रि पुत्राच्छिष्याच्च शिक्षार्थं ताडनं स्मृतं ॥ १३.१६१.३८ ॥

One should not raise a staff against another, nor strike him down in anger. Only beating a son or pupil for the sake of instruction is prescribed in tradition.

13.161.39

न ब्राह्म्णान्परिवदेन्नक्षत्राणि न निर्दिशेत् ।
तिथिं पक्षस्य न ब्रूयात्तथाऽस्यायुर्न रिष्यते ॥ १३.१६१.३९ ॥

One should not revile brahmins, nor point out the lunar mansions, nor name the lunar day of the fortnight; thus his life is not diminished.

13.161.40

अमावास्यामृते नित्यं दन्तधावनमाचरेत् ।
इतिहासपुराणानि दानं वेदं च नित्यशः।
गायत्रीमननं नित्यं कुर्यात्सन्ध्यां समाहितः ॥ १३.१६१.४० ॥

Except on the new-moon day, one should always clean the teeth. One should daily study the epics and Purāṇas, give gifts, and recite the Veda; one should always recite the Gāyatrī and perform the twilight rite with a composed mind.

13.161.41

कृत्वा मूत्रपुरीषे तु रथ्यामाक्रम्य वा पुनः ।
पादप्रक्षालनं कुर्यात्स्वाध्याये भोजने तथा ॥ १३.१६१.४१ ॥

After passing urine or excrement, or after stepping on a road, one should wash the feet again; likewise at study and at meals.

13.161.42

त्रीणि देवाः पवित्राणि ब्राह्मणानामकल्पयन् ।
अदृष्टमद्भिर्निर्णिक्तं यच्च वाचा प्रशस्यते ॥ १३.१६१.४२ ॥

The gods appointed three purifiers for brahmins: that which, washed with water, is free of unseen defilement, and that which is praised in speech.

13.161.43

यावकं कृसरं मांसं शष्कुलीं पायसं तथा ।
आत्मार्थंतं न प्रकर्तव्यं देवार्थं तु प्रकल्पयेत् ॥ १३.१६१.४३ ॥

Barley gruel, sesame porridge, meat, fried cakes and milk pudding should not be prepared for oneself; they should be prepared for the gods.

13.161.44

नित्यमग्निं परिचरेद्भिक्षां दद्याच्च नित्यदा ।
दन्तकाष्ठे च सन्ध्यायां मलोत्सर्गे च मौनगः ॥ १३.१६१.४४ ॥

One should always attend to the sacred fire and always give alms; at the time of using the tooth-stick, at twilight, and at evacuation, one should remain silent.

13.161.45

न चाभ्युदितसायी स्यात्प्रायश्चित्ती तथा भवेत् ।
मातापितरमुत्थाय पूर्वमेवाभिवादयेत्।
आचार्यमथवाऽप्यन्तं तथाऽऽयुर्विदन्ते महत् ॥ १३.१६१.४५ ॥

One should not sleep after sunrise; if one does, one should perform expiation. Rising, one should greet mother and father first, or the teacher as well; thereby one obtains a great life span.

13.161.46

वर्जयेद्दन्तकाष्ठानि वर्जनीयानि नित्यशः ।
भक्षयेच्छास्त्रदृष्टानि पर्वस्वपि विवर्जयेत्।
उदङ्मुखश्च सततं शौचं कुर्यात्समाहितः ॥ १३.१६१.४६ ॥

One should always avoid the tooth-sticks that are to be avoided; one should eat what is prescribed by the scriptures and avoid even those on festival days. Always facing north, one should perform purification with composure.

13.161.47

अकृत्वा देवपूजां च नाचरेद्दन्तधावनम् ।
अकृत्वा देवपूजां च नान्यं गच्छेत्कदाचन।
अन्यत्र तु गुरुं वृद्धं धार्मिकं वा विचक्षणम् ॥ १३.१६१.४७ ॥

One should not clean the teeth without having worshipped the gods, and one should never go elsewhere without having worshipped the gods — except to a teacher, an elder, a righteous man or a wise man.

13.161.48

अवलोक्यो न चादर्शो मलिनो बुद्धिमत्तरैः ।
न चाज्ञातां स्त्रियं गच्छेद्गर्भिणीं वा कदाचन ॥ १३.१६१.४८ ॥

The wise should not look into a soiled mirror, nor ever go to a woman unknown to them or to a pregnant woman.

13.161.49

दारसङ्ग्रहणात्पूर्वं नाचरेन्मैथुनं बुधः ।
अन्यथा त्ववकीर्णः स्यात्प्रायश्चित्तं सदाऽऽचरेत् ॥ १३.१६१.४९ ॥

The wise man should not engage in sexual intercourse before taking a wife; otherwise he becomes fallen, and so he should always perform expiation.

13.161.50

नीदीक्षेत्परदारांश्च रहस्येकासनो भवेत् ।
इन्द्रियाणि सदा यच्छेत्स्वग्ने शुद्धमना भवेत् ॥ १३.१६१.५० ॥

He should not look with desire upon the wives of others, should sit alone in secret, should always restrain his senses, and should remain pure-minded beside his own fire.

13.161.51

उदक्शिरा न स्वपेत तथा प्रत्यक्शिरा न च ।
प्राक्शिरास्तु स्वपेद्विद्वांस्तथा वै दक्षिणाशिराः ॥ १३.१६१.५१ ॥

The learned man should not sleep with his head to the north, nor with his head to the west; he should sleep with his head to the east, and likewise with his head to the south.

13.161.52

न भग्ने नावशीर्णो च शयने प्रस्वपीत च ।
नान्तर्धानेन संयुक्ते न च तिर्यक्कदाचन ॥ १३.१६१.५२ ॥

One should not lie down to sleep on a broken or dilapidated couch, nor on a couch joined with a concealing screen; and one should never sleep crosswise.

13.161.53

न चापि गच्छेत्कार्येण समयाद्वाऽपि नास्तिकैः ।
आसनं तु पदाऽऽकृष्य न प्रसज्जेत्तथा नरः ॥ १३.१६१.५३ ॥

One should not go to unbelievers, not even for business or by agreement; and a man should not drag a seat toward himself with his foot and sit down clinging to it.

13.161.54

न नग्नः कर्हिचित्स्नायान्न निशायां कदाचन ।
स्नात्वा च नावमृज्येत गात्राणि सुविचक्षणः।
न निशायां पुनः स्नायादापद्यग्निद्विजान्तिके ॥ १३.१६१.५४ ॥

One should never bathe naked, nor ever at night. Having bathed, the wise man should not wipe his limbs. Even in distress, one should not bathe again at night, except in the presence of fire and the twice-born.

13.161.55

न चानुलिम्पेदस्नात्वा वासश्चापि न निर्धुनेत् ।
आर्द्र एव तु वासांसि नित्यं सेवेत मानवः ॥ १३.१६१.५५ ॥

One should not anoint oneself without having bathed, nor shake out one's garments. A man should always wear garments that are wet.

13.161.56

स्रजश्च नावकृष्येत न बहिर्धारयीत च ।
उदक्यया च सम्भाषां न कुर्वीत कदाचन ॥ १३.१६१.५६ ॥

One should not pull down a garland, nor wear it outside. One should never converse with a woman in her impure time.

13.161.57

नोत्सृजेत पुरिषं च क्षेत्रे मार्गस्य चान्तिके ।
उभे मूत्रपुरीषे तु नाप्सु कुर्यात्कदाचन ॥ १३.१६१.५७ ॥

One should not discharge excrement in a field or near a road. Urine and feces should never be discharged in water.

13.161.58

देवालयेऽथ गोवृन्दे चैत्ये सस्येषु विश्रमे ।
भोक्ष्यं भुक्त्वा क्षुतेऽध्वानं गत्वा मूत्रपुरीषयोः।
द्विराचामेद्यथान्यायं हृद्गतं तु पिबन्नपः ॥ १३.१६१.५८ ॥

In a temple, among a herd of cows, at a shrine, among crops, or at a resting place; after eating, after sneezing, after walking a road, or after urine and feces, one should rightly sip water twice, drinking water that reaches the heart.

13.161.59

अन्नं बुभुक्षमाणस्तु त्रिमुखेन स्पृशेदपः ।
भुक्त्वा चान्नं तथैव त्रिर्द्विः पुनः परिमार्जयेत् ॥ १३.१६१.५९ ॥

The hungry man should touch water three times before eating; after eating, in the same way, three times, and again twice, he should wipe himself with water.

13.161.60

प्राङ्मुखो नित्यमश्नीयाद्वाग्यतोऽन्नमकुत्सयन् ।
प्रस्कन्दयेच्च मनसा भुक्त्वा चाग्निमुपस्पृशेत् ॥ १३.१६१.६० ॥

Always eating facing east, with speech restrained and without reviling the food; with the mind letting go (of faults), after eating he should touch fire.

13.161.61

आयुष्यं प्राङ्मुखो भुङ्क्ते यशस्यं दक्षिणामुखः ।
धन्यं पश्चान्मुखो भुङ्क्त ऋतं भुङ्क्त उदङ्मुखः ॥ १३.१६१.६१ ॥

He who eats facing east gains long life; facing south, he gains fame. Facing west he eats for wealth; facing north he keeps the ṛta (right order).

13.161.62

अग्रासनो जितक्रोधो बालपूर्वस्त्वलङ्कृतः ।
घृताहुतिविशुद्धान्नं हुताग्निश्च क्षिपन्ग्रसेत् ॥ १३.१६१.६२ ॥

One who takes the first seat, who has conquered anger, who serves children first, and who is well dressed, having made the food pure by ghee-oblations and offered into the fire, should eat by tossing morsels.

13.161.63

अग्निमालभ्य तोयेन सर्वान्प्राणानुपस्पृशेत् ।
गात्राणि चैव सर्वाणि नाभिं पाणितले तथा ॥ १३.१६१.६३ ॥

Having touched fire, with water he should touch all the vital breaths (the senses); likewise all the limbs, the navel, and (taking water) in the palm of the hand.

13.161.64

नाधितिष्ठेत्तुषं जातु केशभस्मकपालिकाः ।
अन्यस्य चाप्यवस्नातं दूरतः परिवर्जयेत् ॥ १३.१६१.६४ ॥

One should never stand on husks, hair, ash, or potsherds; and what has been used for another's bathing one should avoid from afar.

13.161.65

शान्तिहोमांश्च कुर्वीत सावित्राणि च धारयेत् ।
निषष्णश्चापि खादेन न तु गच्छन्कदाचन ॥ १३.१६१.६५ ॥

One should perform the peace-offerings and keep the Sāvitrī verses. Sitting, one should eat; never while walking.

13.161.66

मूत्रं नोत्तिष्ठता कार्यं न भस्मनि न गोव्रजे ।
आर्द्रपादस्तु भुञ्जीत नार्द्रपादस्तु संविशेत् ॥ १३.१६१.६६ ॥

One should not urinate while standing, nor on ashes, nor in a cow-pen. One may eat with wet feet, but one should not lie down with wet feet.

13.161.67

आर्द्रपादस्तु भुञ्जानो वर्षाणां जीवते शतम् ।
त्रीणि तेजांसि नोच्छिष्ट आलभेत कदाचन।
अग्निं गां ब्राह्मणं चैव तता ह्यायुर्न रिष्यते ॥ १३.१६१.६७ ॥

One who eats with wet feet lives a hundred years. One should never touch the three radiant things — fire, a cow, and a brahmin — with a defiled mouth; by this, life is not destroyed.

13.161.68

त्रीणि ज्योतींषि नोच्छिष्ट उदीक्षेत कदाचन ।
सूर्याचन्द्रमसौ चैव नक्षत्राणि च सर्वशः ॥ १३.१६१.६८ ॥

One should never look upon the three lights with a defiled mouth — the sun, the moon, and all the stars.

13.161.69

ऊर्ध्वं प्राणा ह्युत्क्रमन्ति यूनः स्थविर आगते ।
प्रत्युत्थानाभिवादाभ्यां पुनस्तान्प्रतिपद्यते ॥ १३.१६१.६९ ॥

When an elder arrives, the vital breaths of a young man rise upward; by rising and greeting him, they return again.

13.161.70

अभिवादयीत वृद्धांश्च दद्याच्चैवासनं स्वयम् ।
कृताञ्जलिरुपासीत गच्छन्तं पृष्ठतोऽन्वियात् ॥ १३.१६१.७० ॥

One should greet the elders and offer them a seat oneself. One should sit near them with joined palms, and when they go, follow behind them.

13.161.71

न चासीतासने भिन्ने भिन्नकांस्यं च वर्जयेत् ।
नैकवस्त्रेण भोक्तव्यं न नग्नः स्नातुमर्हति ॥ १३.१६१.७१ ॥

One should not sit on a broken seat, and should avoid a broken bronze vessel. One should not eat wearing a single garment, and a naked man should not bathe.

13.161.72

स्पप्तव्यं नैव नग्नेन न चोच्छिष्टोपि संविशेत् ।
उच्छिष्टो न स्पृशेच्छीर्षं सर्वे प्राणास्तदाश्रयाः ॥ १३.१६१.७२ ॥

One should not sleep naked, nor lie down even when defiled by leftover food. One defiled by food should not touch the head, for all the vital breaths depend upon it.

13.161.73

केशग्रहं प्रहारांश्च सिरस्येतान्विवर्जयेत् ।
न संहाताभ्यां पाणिभ्यां कण्डूयेदात्मनः शिरः।
न चाभीक्ष्णं शिरःस्नायात्तथा स्यायुर्न रिष्यते ॥ १३.१६१.७३ ॥

One should avoid seizing another by the hair and striking the head. One should not scratch one's own head with pressed-together hands, nor bathe the head again and again; thus life is not diminished.

13.161.74

शिरःस्नातस्तु तैलैश्च नाङ्गं किञ्चिदपि स्पृशेत् ।
तिलपिष्टं न चाश्नीयाद्गतसर्वरसं तथा ॥ १३.१६१.७४ ॥

Having bathed the head, one should not touch any limb with oil. One should not eat sesame paste, nor food from which all flavor has gone.

13.161.75

नाध्यापयेत्तथोच्छिष्टो नाधीयीत कदाचन ।
वाते च पूतिगन्धे च मनसाऽपि न चिन्तयेत् ॥ १३.१६१.७५ ॥

One who is defiled by leftover food should neither teach nor ever study. In wind and in foul smell, one should not even think of it in the mind.

13.161.76

अत्र गाथा यमोद्गीताः कीर्तयन्ति पुराविदः ।
आयुरस्य निकृन्तामि प्रज्ञामस्याददे तथा ॥ १३.१६१.७६ ॥

Here the knowers of old recite the verses sung by Yama: 'I will cut off his life, and take away his wisdom as well.'

13.161.77

उच्छिष्टो यः प्राद्रवति स्वाध्यायं चाधिगच्छति ।
यश्चानध्यायकालेऽपि मोहादभ्यस्यति द्विजः ॥ १३.१६१.७७ ॥

The twice-born man who runs about in a state of ritual defilement and takes up Vedic study, and who, out of delusion, recites even at a time when study is forbidden—

13.161.78

तस्य वेदः प्रणश्येत आयुश्चि परिहीयते ।
तस्माद्युक्तो ह्यनध्याये नाधीयीत कदाचन ॥ १३.१६१.७८ ॥

His Veda is lost and his life is diminished. Therefore one who is disciplined should never study during a time of prohibition.

13.161.79

प्रत्यादित्यं प्रत्यनलं प्रतिगां च प्रतिद्विजान् ।
ये मेहन्ति च पन्थानं ते भवन्ति गतायुषः ॥ १३.१६१.७९ ॥

Those who urinate facing the sun, facing fire, facing a cow, facing brahmins, and on the path—they become short-lived.

13.161.80

उभे मूत्रपुरीषे तु दिवा कुर्यादुदङ्मुखः ।
दक्षिणाभिमुखो रात्रौ तथा हन्युर्न रिष्यते ॥ १३.१६१.८० ॥

By day one should pass both urine and excrement facing north; at night, facing south. Thus done, one does not come to harm.

13.161.81

त्रीन्कृशान्नावजानीयाद्दीर्घमायुर्जिजीविषु ।
ब्राह्मणं क्षत्रियं सर्पं सर्वे ह्याशीविषास्त्रयः ॥ १३.१६१.८१ ॥

One who wishes long life should not despise three that seem weak: the brahmin, the kṣatriya, and the serpent—all three are venomous-gazed.

13.161.82

दहत्याशीविषः क्रुद्धो यावत्पश्यति चक्षुषा ।
क्षत्रियोपि दहेत्क्रुद्धो यावत्स्पृशति तेजसा ॥ १३.१६१.८२ ॥

An enraged āśīviṣa burns as long as it looks with its eye; an enraged kṣatriya too burns as long as he touches with his radiance.

13.161.83

ब्राह्म्णिस्तु कुलं हन्याद्ध्यानेनावेक्षितेन च ।
तस्मादेतत्त्रयं यत्नादुपसेवेत पण्डितः ॥ १३.१६१.८३ ॥

A brahmin could destroy a family by meditation or by a glance. Therefore the wise man should carefully attend to these three.

13.161.84

गुरुणा वैरनिर्बन्धो न कर्तव्यः कदाचन ।
अनुमान्यः प्रसाद्यश्च गुरुः क्रुद्धो युदिष्ठिर ॥ १३.१६१.८४ ॥

One should never persist in enmity with a teacher. O Yudhiṣṭhira, an angry teacher must be placated and appeased.

13.161.85

सम्यङ्मिथ्याप्रवृत्तेऽपि वर्तितव्यं गुराविह ।
गुरुनिन्दा दहत्यायुर्मनुष्याणां न संशयः ॥ १३.१६१.८५ ॥

Toward a teacher, whether he acts rightly or wrongly, one must conduct oneself with respect in this world. Reviling a teacher burns away the life span of men; of this there is no doubt.

13.161.86

दूरादावसथान्मूत्रं दूरात्पादावसेचनम् ।
उच्छिष्टोत्सर्जनं चैव दूरे कार्यं हितैषिणा ॥ १३.१६१.८६ ॥

One who seeks his own welfare should urinate far from the dwelling, wash the feet far away, and discard leftover food far away too.

13.161.87

रक्तमाल्यं न धार्यं स्याच्छुक्लं धार्यं तु पण्डितैः ।
वर्जयित्वा तु कमलं तथा कुवलयं प्रभो ॥ १३.१६१.८७ ॥

A red garland should not be worn; the wise wear a white one. O lord, except for the lotus and the blue lotus.

13.161.88

रक्तं शिरसि धार्यं तु तथा वानेयमित्यपि ।
काञ्चनीयाऽपि माला या न सा दुष्यति कर्हिचित् ॥ १३.१६१.८८ ॥

Red flowers should be worn on the head, and likewise those born in the forest. A garland of gold, too, is never defiled.

13.161.89

स्नातस्य वर्णकं नित्यमार्द्रं दद्याद्विशांपते ॥ १३.१६१.८९ ॥

To one who has bathed, one should always give a fresh ointment, O lord of the people.

13.161.90

विपर्ययं न कुर्वीत वाससो बुद्धिमान्नरः ।
तथा नान्यधृतं धार्यं न चातिविकृतं तथा ॥ १३.१६१.९० ॥

A wise man should not wear his garments reversed, nor wear what another has worn, nor garments that are much altered or worn out.

13.161.91

अन्यदेव भवेद्वासः शयनीये नरोत्तम ।
अन्यद्रथ्यासु देवानामर्चायामन्यदेव हि ॥ १३.१६१.९१ ॥

O best of men, the garment for the bed should be different, the one for the streets different, and indeed a different one for the worship of the gods.

13.161.92

प्रियङ्गुचन्दनाभ्यां च बिल्वेन स्थगरेण च ।
पृथगेवानुलिम्पेत केसरेण च बुद्धिमान् ॥ १३.१६१.९२ ॥

The wise man should anoint himself separately with priyaṅgu and sandalwood, with bilva and sthagara, and with saffron.

13.161.93

उपवासं च कुर्वीत स्नातः शुचिरलङ्कृतः ।
नोपवासं वृथा कुर्याद्धनं नापहरेदिह ॥ १३.१६१.९३ ॥

Having bathed, pure and adorned, one should observe a fast; one should not fast in vain, nor take away another's wealth here.

13.161.94

पर्वकालेषु सर्वेषु ब्रह्मचारी सदा भवेत् ।
समानमेकपात्रे तु भुञ्जेन्नान्नं जनेश्वर ॥ १३.१६१.९४ ॥

At all festival times one should always remain celibate; O lord of people, one should not eat food from the same vessel as an equal.

13.161.95

नावलीढमवज्ञातमाघ्रातुं भक्षयेदपि ।
तथा नोद्धृतसाराणि प्रेक्षतामप्रदाय च ॥ १३.१६१.९५ ॥

One should not eat food that has been licked, given with contempt, or merely smelled, nor food whose essence has been taken out, nor eat without giving to those who look on.

13.161.96

नासंनिविष्टो मेधावी नाशुचिर्नि च सत्यु च ।
प्रतिषिद्धान्नं धर्मेषु भक्ष्यान्भुञ्जीत पृष्ठतः ॥ १३.१६१.९६ ॥

The wise man should not eat while improperly seated, nor while impure, nor forbidden food; edible things should be eaten from behind.

13.161.97

पिप्पलं च वटं चैव शणशाकं तथैव च ।
उदुम्बरं न खादेश्च भवार्थी पुरुषो नृप ॥ १३.१६१.९७ ॥

O king, a man who seeks prosperity should not eat the pippala fig, the banyan fig, the hemp-leaf vegetable, or the udumbara fig.

13.161.98

आजं गव्यं च यन्मांसं मायूरं चैव वर्जयेत् ।
वर्जयेच्छुष्कमांसं च तथा पर्युषितं च यत् ॥ १३.१६१.९८ ॥

One should avoid goat meat, cow meat and peacock meat; one should also avoid dried meat and stale food.

13.161.99

न पाणौ लवणं विद्वान्प्राश्नीयान्न च रात्रिषु ।
दधिसक्तून्न दोषायां पिबेन्मधु च नित्यशः ॥ १३.१६१.९९ ॥

The learned man should not taste salt from his hand, nor eat at night; he should not drink curd and barley-meal at night, and should always drink honey.

13.161.100

सायं प्रातश्च भुञ्जीत नान्तराले समाहितः ।
वालेन तु न भुञ्जीत परश्राद्धं तथैव च ॥ १३.१६१.१०० ॥

One should eat in the evening and in the morning, and not in between with attention; one should not eat food mixed with hair, nor eat the funeral meal of another.

13.161.101

वाग्यतो नैकवस्त्रश्च नासंविष्टः कदाचन ।
भूमौ सदैव नाश्नीयान्नाशौचं न च शब्दवत् ॥ १३.१६१.१०१ ॥

One should eat sitting on the ground, always silent, wearing a single garment, never lying down, not in a state of impurity, and not while making noise.

13.161.102

तोयपूर्वं प्रदायान्नमतिथिभ्यो विशाम्पते ।
पश्चाद्भुञ्जीत मेधावी न चाप्यन्यमना नरः ॥ १३.१६१.१०२ ॥

O lord of men, having first offered food with water to guests, the wise man should eat afterwards, and not with his mind elsewhere.

13.161.103

समानमेकपङ्क्त्यां तु भोज्यमन्नं नरेश्वर ।
विषं हालाहलं भुङ्क्ते योऽप्रदाय सुहृज्जने ॥ १३.१६१.१०३ ॥

O lord of men, food to be eaten should be shared equally in one row; whoever eats without giving to his friends eats the deadly poison halāhala.

13.161.104

पानीयं पायसं सक्तून्दधि सर्पिर्मधून्यपि ।
निरस्य शेषमन्येषां न प्रदेयं तु कस्यचित् ॥ १३.१६१.१०४ ॥

Drinking water, milk pudding, barley flour, curds, clarified butter and honey as well — having set aside the remainder for others, it should not be given to anyone as leftovers.

13.161.105

भुञ्जानो मनुजव्याघ्र नैव शङ्कां समाचरेत् ।
दधि चाप्यनु पानं वै न कर्तव्यं भवार्थिना ॥ १३.१६१.१०५ ॥

O tiger among men, while eating one should not entertain doubt; and one seeking prosperity should not take curds as a drink after the meal.

13.161.106

आचम्य चैकहस्तेन परिस्राव्य तथोदकम् ।
अङ्गुष्ठं चरणस्याथ दक्षिणस्यावसेचयेत् ॥ १३.१६१.१०६ ॥

Having sipped water for purification and having strained the water with one hand, one should then sprinkle it over the thumb of the right foot.

13.161.107

पाणिं मूर्ध्नि समाधाय स्पृष्ट्वा चाग्निं समाहितः ।
ज्ञातिश्रैष्ठ्यमवाप्नोति प्रयोगकुशलो नरः ॥ १३.१६१.१०७ ॥

Placing the hand upon the head and touching the fire with a collected mind, a man skilled in practice obtains pre-eminence among his kinsmen.

13.161.108

अद्भिः प्राणान्समालभ्य नाभिं पाणितले तथा ।
स्पृशंश्चैव प्रतिष्ठेत न चाप्यार्द्रेण पाणिना ॥ १३.१६१.१०८ ॥

Having touched the vital breaths with water, and the navel with the palm of the hand, one should stand; and not even with a wet hand.

13.161.109

अङ्गुष्ठमूलस्य तले ब्राह्मं तीर्तमुदाहृतम् ।
कनिष्ठिकायाः पश्चात्तु देवतीर्थमिहोच्यते ॥ १३.१६१.१०९ ॥

At the palm beneath the root of the thumb is declared the Brāhma tīrtha; but behind the little finger, here, is called the Deva tīrtha.

13.161.110

अङ्गुष्ठस्य च यन्मध्यं प्रदेशिन्याश्च भारत ।
तेन पित्र्याणि कुर्वीत स्पृष्ट्वाऽऽपो न्यायतः सदा ॥ १३.१६१.११० ॥

With the middle part of the thumb and of the index finger, O Bhārata, having touched water, one should always perform the ancestral rites rightly.

13.161.111

परापवादं न ब्रूयान्नाप्रियं च कदाचन ।
न मन्युः कश्चिदुत्पाद्यः पुरुषेणि भवार्थिना ॥ १३.१६१.१११ ॥

One should not speak slander of others, nor ever speak unpleasant words; a man who seeks prosperity should not provoke any anger.

13.161.112

एतितैस्तु कथां नेच्छेद्दर्शनं च विवर्जयेत् ।
संसर्गं च न गच्छेत तथाऽऽयुर्विन्दते महत् ॥ १३.१६१.११२ ॥

One should not desire conversation with such people, and should avoid even seeing them; one should not go into their company; thus a man obtains a long life.

13.161.113

न दिवा मैथुनं गच्छेन्न कन्यां न च बन्धकीम् ।
न चास्नातां स्त्रियं गच्छेत्तथाऽऽयुर्विन्दते महत् ॥ १३.१६१.११३ ॥

One should not engage in sexual intercourse by day, nor approach a maiden, nor a courtesan, nor a woman who has not bathed; thus a man obtains great long life.

13.161.114

स्वेस्वे तीर्थे समाचम्य कार्ये समुपकल्पिते ।
त्रिः पीत्वाऽऽपो द्विः प्रमृज्य कृतशौचो भवेन्नरः ॥ १३.१६१.११४ ॥

Having sipped water at his own sacred place, prepared for the appointed rite, having drunk water three times and wiped twice, a man becomes purified.

13.161.115

इन्द्रियाणि सकृत्स्पृश्य त्रिरभ्युक्ष्य च मानवः ।
कुर्वीत पित्र्यं दैवं च वेददृष्टेन कर्मणा ॥ १३.१६१.११५ ॥

Having touched the senses once and sprinkled water three times, a man should perform the rite for the ancestors and the rite for the gods by the action seen in the Veda.

13.161.116

ब्राह्मणार्थे च यच्छौचं तच्च मे शृणु कौरव ।
प्रवृत्तं चाहितं चोक्त्वा बहुभोजनवत्तदा ॥ १३.१६१.११६ ॥

O Kaurava, listen from me also to the purification meant for brahmins, that which was declared earlier as proceeding and unfavourable, like eating a great deal of food.

13.161.117

सर्वशौचेषु ब्राह्मेण तीर्थेन समुपस्पृशेत् ।
निष्ठीव्य तु तथा क्षुत्वा स्पृश्यापो हि शुचिर्भवेत् ॥ १३.१६१.११७ ॥

In all purifications one should touch water with the brahma-tīrtha; having spat and having sneezed, one should touch water, and then a man becomes pure.

13.161.118

निष्ठिवने मैथुने च क्षुते अक्ष्याविमेचने ।
उदक्या दर्शने तद्वन्नग्नस्याचमनं स्मृतम्।
स्पृशेत्कर्णं सप्रणवं सूर्यमीक्षेत्सदा तदा ॥ १३.१६१.११८ ॥

Sipping water is prescribed after spitting, after intercourse, after sneezing, on opening the eyes, on seeing an impure woman, and likewise when one is naked; then one should touch the ear with the praṇava and always gaze at the sun.

13.161.119

वृद्धो ज्ञातिस्तथा मित्रमनाथा च स्वसा गुरुः ।
कुलीनः पण्डित इति रक्ष्या निःस्वः स्वशक्तितः।
गृहे वासयितव्यास्ते धन्यमायुष्यमेव च ॥ १३.१६१.११९ ॥

The elders, kinsmen, friends, the helpless sister, the teacher, the well-born and the learned should be protected; the destitute should be housed in the home according to one's means. To house them in the home is auspicious and prolongs life.

13.161.120

गृहे पारावता धार्याः शुकाश्च सहशारिकाः ।
देवताप्रतिमाऽऽदर्शश्चन्दनाः पुष्पवल्लिकाः ॥ १३.१६१.१२० ॥

In the house pigeons should be kept, and parrots and mynahs as well; an image of a deity, a mirror, sandalwood and flowering creepers should also be kept.

13.161.121

शुद्धं जलं सुवर्णं च रजतं गृहमङ्गलम् ।
गृहेष्वेते न पापाय यथा वै तैलपायिकाः ॥ १३.१६१.१२१ ॥

Pure water, gold, silver, and the auspicious things of the household are not harmful in the houses, just as the oil-drinking lamps are not.

13.161.122

उद्दीपकाश्च गृध्रास्च कपोता भ्रमरास्तथा ।
निविशेयुर्यदा तत्र शान्तिमेव तदाऽऽचरेत् ॥ १३.१६१.१२२ ॥

When kindlers, vultures, pigeons and bees have entered there, then one should perform the rite of appeasement.

13.161.123

अमङ्गल्यः सतां शापस्तथाऽऽक्रोशो महात्मनाम् ।
महात्मनोतिगुह्यानि न वक्तव्यानि कर्हिचित्। ॥ १३.१६१.१२३ ॥

The curse of the good and the reviling of great souls are inauspicious. The most secret things of great souls should never be spoken.

13.161.124

अगम्याश्च न गच्छेत राज्ञः पत्नीं सखीस्तथा ।
वैद्यानां बालवृद्धानां भृत्यानां च युधिष्ठिर ॥ १३.१६१.१२४ ॥

One should not go to forbidden women: neither to the king's wife nor to his female companions; nor to the wives of physicians, of children, of the aged or of servants, O Yudhiṣṭhira.

13.161.125

बन्धूनां ब्राह्मणानां च तथा शारणिकस्य च ।
सम्बन्धिनां च राजेन्द्र तथाऽऽयुर्विन्दते महत् ॥ १३.१६१.१२५ ॥

Honouring kinsmen, brahmins, those who seek refuge, and relatives by marriage, O lord of kings, one obtains a great life.

13.161.126

ब्राह्मणस्तपतिभ्यां च निर्मितं यन्निवेशनम् ।
तदा वसेत्सदा प्राज्ञो भवार्थी मनुजेश्वर ॥ १३.१६१.१२६ ॥

In a dwelling built so that the sun's heat and fire reach it properly, O lord of men, the wise man who seeks prosperity should always live.

13.161.127

सन्ध्यायां न स्वपेद्राजन्विद्यां न च समाचरेत् ।
न भुञ्जीत च मेधावी तथाऽऽयुर्विन्दते महत् ॥ १३.१६१.१२७ ॥

O king, one should not sleep at twilight, nor study, nor eat then; thus the intelligent man obtains a great life.

13.161.128

नक्तं न कुर्यात्पित्र्याणि नक्तं चैव प्रसाधनम् ।
पानीयस्य क्रिया नक्तं न कार्या भूतिमिच्छता ॥ १३.१६१.१२८ ॥

One should not perform ancestral rites at night, nor adorn oneself at night, nor perform water-rites at night; so should one act who desires prosperity.

13.161.129

वर्जनीयाश्चैव नित्यं सक्तवो निशि भारत ।
शेषाणि चावदातानि पानीयं चापि भोजने ॥ १३.१६१.१२९ ॥

O Bhārata, barley-meal should always be avoided at night; and also the clean remnants of a meal, and water in eating, [are to be avoided at night].

13.161.130

सौहित्यं न च कर्तव्यं रात्रौ न च समाचरेत् ।
न भुक्त्वा मैथुनं गच्छेन्न धावेन्नातिहासकम्।
द्विजच्छेदं न कुर्वीत भुक्त्वा न च समाचरेत् ॥ १३.१६१.१३० ॥

One should not overeat, nor do so at night. After eating, one should not go to sexual union, nor run, nor laugh excessively. One should not injure a twice-born man; and one should not act so after eating.

13.161.131

महाकुले प्रसूतां च प्रशस्तां लक्षणैस्तथा ।
वयसाऽवरां सुनक्षत्रां कन्यामावोढुमर्हति ॥ १३.१६१.१३१ ॥

One should marry a maiden born in a great family, praised for her marks, younger in age, and born under an auspicious constellation.

13.161.132

अपत्यमुत्पाद्य ततः प्रतिष्ठाप्य कुलं तथा ।
पुत्राः प्रदेया जातेषु कुलधर्मेषु भारत ॥ १३.१६१.१३२ ॥

Having begotten offspring and established the family line, O Bhārata, the sons once born should be given over to the duties of the family.

13.161.133

कन्या चोत्पाद्य दातव्या कुलपुत्राय धीमते ।
पुत्रा निवेश्याश्च कुलाद्भृत्या लभ्याश्च भारत ॥ १३.१६१.१३३ ॥

A daughter, once born, should be given to a wise son of a good family. O Bhārata, sons should be settled, and servants should be obtained from the family.

13.161.134

शिरःस्नातोथ कुर्वीत दैवं पित्र्यमथापि च ॥ १३.१६१.१३४ ॥

Having bathed the head, one should then perform the rite for the gods and also the rite for the ancestors.

13.161.135

तैलं जन्मदिनेऽष्टम्यां चतुर्दश्यां च पर्वसु ।
नक्षत्रे न च कुर्वीत यस्मिञ्जातो भवेन्नरः।
न प्रोष्ठपदयोः कार्यं तथाऽऽग्नेये च भारत ॥ १३.१६१.१३५ ॥

Oil should not be applied on one's birthday, on the eighth and fourteenth days, or on festival days; nor under the constellation in which a man was born. O Bhārata, it should not be done under the two Prauṣṭhapadas nor under the Āgneya constellation.

13.161.136

दारुणेषु च सर्वेषु प्रत्यरिं च विवर्जयेत् ।
ज्योतिषे यानि चोक्तानि तानि सर्वाणि वर्जयेत् ॥ १३.१६१.१३६ ॥

In all terrible times, one should avoid the enemy's constellation; and one should avoid all those things that have been declared in astrology.

13.161.137

प्राङ्मुखः श्मश्रुकर्माणि कारयेत्सुसमाहितः ।
उदङ्मुखो वा राजेन्द्र तथाऽऽयुर्विन्दते महत् ॥ १३.१६१.१३७ ॥

O lord of kings, with mind well composed, one should have one's beard and moustache shaved facing east, or facing north; thereby one obtains great long life.

13.161.138

सामुद्रेणाम्यसा स्नानं क्षौरं श्राद्धेषु भोजनम् ।
अन्तर्वत्नीपतिः कुर्वन्न पुत्रफलमश्नुते ॥ १३.१६१.१३८ ॥

Bathing in sea-water, shaving at funeral rites, and eating there — a husband whose wife is pregnant who does these does not obtain the fruit of a son.

13.161.139

सतां गुरूणां वृद्धानां कुलस्त्रीणां विशेषतः ।
परिवादं न च ब्रूयात्परेषामात्मनस्तथा।
परिवादो ह्यधर्माय प्रोच्यते भरतर्षभ ॥ १३.१६१.१३९ ॥

One should not speak ill of the good, of teachers, of elders, and especially of women of good family, nor of others nor of oneself likewise; for reproach is declared to be unrighteousness, O bull of the Bharatas.

13.161.140

वर्जयेद्व्यङ्गिनीं नारीं तथा कन्यां नरोत्तम ।
समार्षां व्यङ्गिकां श्चैव मातुः सकुलजां तथा ॥ १३.१६१.१४० ॥

O best of men, one should avoid a deformed woman and a girl likewise; a girl of the same ārṣa lineage, one with a bodily defect, and one born in the mother's family.

13.161.141

वृद्धां प्रव्रजितां चैव तथैव च पतिव्रताम् ।
तथा निकृष्टवर्णा च वर्णोत्कृष्टां च वर्जयेत्। ॥ १३.१६१.१४१ ॥

One should avoid an elderly woman, one who has gone forth, likewise a devoted wife, a woman of lower varṇa, and one of higher varṇa.

13.161.142

अयोनिं च वियोनिं च न गच्छेत विचक्षणः ।
पिङ्गलां कुष्ठिनीं नारीं न त्वमुद्वोढुमर्हसि ॥ १३.१६१.१४२ ॥

A wise man should not go to a woman of no proper lineage or of wrong lineage; you should not marry a tawny woman or a leprous woman.

13.161.143

अपस्मारिकुले जातां निहीनां चापि वर्जयेत् ।
श्वित्रिणां च कुले जातां क्षयिणां मनुजेश्वर ॥ १३.१६१.१४३ ॥

O lord of men, one should also avoid a maiden born in a family of epileptics, or of low birth, or born in a family of lepers, or of consumptives.

13.161.144

सुरोमशामतिस्थूलां कन्यां मातृपितृस्थिताम् ।
अलज्जां भ्रातृजां तुष्टां वर्जयेद्रक्तकेशिनीम् ॥ १३.१६१.१४४ ॥

One should avoid a maiden who is very hairy, very stout, still living with her mother and father, shameless, a brother's daughter, contented, and red-haired.

13.161.145

लक्षणैरन्विता या च प्रशस्ता या च लक्षणैः ।
मनोज्ञां दर्शनीयां च तां भवान्वोढुमर्हति ॥ १३.१६१.१४५ ॥

The maiden who is endowed with auspicious marks, praiseworthy for her marks, pleasing and beautiful to behold, is the one you should marry.

13.161.146

महाकुले निवेष्टव्यं सदृशे वा युधिष्ठिर ।
अवरा पतिता चैव न ग्राह्या भूतिमिच्छता ॥ १३.१६१.१४६ ॥

O Yudhiṣṭhira, one should marry into a great family or an equal one. The one who desires prosperity should not take a low or fallen woman.

13.161.147

अग्नीनुत्पाद्य यत्नेन क्रियाः सुविहिताश्च याः ।
वेदे च ब्राह्मणैः प्रोक्तास्ताश्च सर्वाः समाचरेत् ॥ १३.१६१.१४७ ॥

Having kindled the fires with care, one should perform all those rites that are well prescribed and that the brahmins have declared in the Veda.

13.161.148

न चेर्ष्या स्त्रीषु कर्तव्या रक्ष्या दाराश्च सर्वशः ।
अनायुष्या भवेदीर्ष्या तस्मादीर्ष्यां विवर्जयेत् ॥ १३.१६१.१४८ ॥

One should not show jealousy toward women, and one must protect one's wives in every way. Jealousy shortens life, therefore jealousy should be avoided.

13.161.149

अनायुष्यं दिवा स्वप्नं तथाऽभ्युदितशायिता ।
प्रातर्निशायां च तथा ये चोच्छिष्टा भवन्ति च ॥ १३.१६१.१४९ ॥

Sleeping by day shortens life, and likewise sleeping after sunrise; in the morning and at night as well, and things that have become defiled by leftovers.

13.161.150

पारदार्यमनायुष्यं नापितोच्छिष्टता तथा ।
यत्नतो वै न कर्तव्यमत्याशश्चैव भारत ॥ १३.१६१.१५० ॥

Adultery shortens life, and likewise being defiled by a barber's leftovers; O Bhārata, one should carefully avoid these, and also excessive desire.

13.161.151

सन्ध्यां न भुञ्ज्यान्न स्नायेन्न पुरीषं समुत्सृजेत् ।
प्रयतश्च भवेत्तस्यां न च किञ्चित्समाचरेत् ॥ १३.१६१.१५१ ॥

At twilight one should not eat, not bathe, and not evacuate; one should be self-restrained at that time and perform no action whatsoever.

13.161.152

ब्राह्मणान्पूजयेच्चापि तथा स्नात्वा नराधिप ।
देवांश्च प्रणमेत्स्नातो गुरूंश्चाप्यभिवादयेत् ॥ १३.१६१.१५२ ॥

O lord of men, having bathed, one should also honor the brahmins; having bathed, one should bow to the gods and greet one's teachers respectfully.

13.161.153

अनिमन्त्रितो न गच्छेत यज्ञं गच्छेत दर्शकः ।
अनर्चिते ह्यनायुष्यं गमनं तत्र भारत ॥ १३.१६१.१५३ ॥

One should not go uninvited; one may go to a sacrifice as a spectator. O Bhārata, going to a place where one is not honored shortens life.

13.161.154

न चैकेन परिव्रज्यं न गन्तव्यं तथा निशि ।
नानापदि परस्यान्नमनिमन्त्रितमाहरेत् ॥ १३.१६१.१५४ ॥

One should not wander alone, nor go out at night; in various calamities, one should not take another's food without invitation.

13.161.155

एकोद्दिष्टं न भुञ्जीत प्रथमं तु विशेषतः ।
सपिण्डीकरणं वर्ज्यं सविधानं च मासिकम् ॥ १३.१६१.१५५ ॥

One should not eat the ekoddiṣṭa offering, especially first; the sapiṇḍīkaraṇa rite and the monthly rite performed with its prescribed procedure are to be avoided.

13.161.156

अनागतायां सन्ध्यायां पश्चिमायां गृहे वसेत् ॥ १३.१६१.१५६ ॥

Before the evening twilight comes, one should remain at home in the west, at sunset.

13.161.157

मातुः पितुर्गुरूणां च कार्यमेवानुशासनम् ।
हितं चाप्यहितं चापि न विचार्यं नरर्षभ ॥ १३.१६१.१५७ ॥

The command of mother, father and teachers alone is to be carried out; O bull among men, one should not weigh whether it is beneficial or harmful.

13.161.158

क्षत्रियस्तु विशेषेण धनुर्वेदं समभ्यसेत् ।
धनुर्वेदे च वेदे च यत्नः कार्यो नाराधिप ॥ १३.१६१.१५८ ॥

A kṣatriya especially should thoroughly practise the science of archery; O lord of men, effort should be made in the science of archery and also in the Veda.

13.161.159

हस्तिपृष्ठेऽश्वपृष्ठे च रथचर्यासु चैव ह ।
यत्नवान्भव राजेन्द्र यत्नवान्सुवमेधते ॥ १३.१६१.१५९ ॥

Be diligent on the back of an elephant, on the back of a horse, and in the manoeuvres of the chariot; O king of kings, the diligent man prospers well.

13.161.160

अप्रधृष्यश्च शत्रूमां भृत्यानां स्वजनस्य च ।
प्रजापालनयुक्तश्च नारतिं लभते क्वचित् ॥ १३.१६१.१६० ॥

One who is unassailable by enemies, servants and kinsmen, and who is devoted to protecting the subjects, never obtains discontent.

13.161.161

युक्तिशास्त्रं च ते ज्ञेयं शब्दशास्त्रं च भारत ।
गान्धर्वशास्त्रं च कलाः परिज्ञेया नराधिप ॥ १३.१६१.१६१ ॥

O Bhārata, you should know the science of reasoning and the science of grammar; you should also thoroughly know the science of music and the arts, O lord of men.

13.161.162

पुराणमितिहासाश्च तथाऽऽख्यानानि यानि च ।
महात्मनां च चरितं श्रोतव्यं नित्यमेव ते ॥ १३.१६१.१६२ ॥

The Purāṇas and the histories, and the narratives that exist, and the deeds of the great-souled ones, these you should always hear.

13.161.163

मान्यानां माननं कुर्यान्निन्द्यानां निन्दनं तथा ।
गोब्राह्मणार्थे युध्येत प्राणानपि परित्यजेत् ॥ १३.१६१.१६३ ॥

One should honor those who deserve honor and reproach those who deserve reproach; one should fight for the sake of cows and brahmins, and give up even one's life.

13.161.164

न स्त्रीषु सज्जेद्द्रष्टव्यं शक्त्या दानरुचिर्भवेत् ।
न ब्राह्मणान्परिभवेत्कार्पण्यं ब्राह्मणैर्वृतम्।
पतितान्नाभिभाषेत नाह्वयेत रजस्वलाम् ॥ १३.१६१.१६४ ॥

One should not be attached to women, regarding them only as things to be looked at; one should be fond of giving according to one's means. One should not despise brahmins, nor the meanness that is practiced by brahmins. One should not speak with the fallen, nor call a menstruating woman.