Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.162
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13.162.1
कथं ज्येष्ठः कनिष्ठेषु वर्तेत भरतर्षभ ।
कनिष्ठाश्च यथा ज्येष्ठे वर्तेरंस्तद्ब्रवीहि मे ॥ १३.१६२.१ ॥
Bull of the Bharatas, how should the elder conduct himself toward the younger ones, and how should the younger ones conduct themselves toward the elder? Tell me that.
13.162.2
ज्येष्ठवत्तात वर्तस्व ज्येष्ठोसि हि तथा भवान् ।
गुरोर्गरीयसी वृत्तिर्या च शिष्यस्य भारत ॥ १३.१६२.२ ॥
Dear child, conduct yourself as an elder, for you indeed are the elder. The conduct owed to a teacher weighs more than the conduct owed to a student, descendant of Bharata.
13.162.3
न गुरावकृतप्रज्ञे शक्यं शिष्येण वर्तितुम् ।
गुरौ हि सदृशी वृत्तिर्यथा शिष्यस्य भारत ॥ १३.१६२.३ ॥
It is not possible for a student to conduct himself toward a teacher whose wisdom is not yet mature. For a teacher, the fitting conduct is the same as that of a student, descendant of Bharata.
13.162.4
अन्धः स्यादन्धवेलायां जडः स्यादपि वा बुधः ।
परिहारेण तद्ब्रूयाद्यस्तेषां स्याद्व्यतिक्रमः ॥ १३.१६२.४ ॥
Whether one is blind, dull, or wise, if any of them errs at a time of blindness, one should tell him by indirect hint, avoiding direct reproach.
13.162.5
प्रत्यक्षं भिन्नहृदया भेदयेयुर्यथाऽहिताः ।
श्रियाऽभितप्तास्तद्भेदान्नभिन्नाः स्युः समाहिताः
श्रियाऽभितप्ताः कौन्तेय भेदकामास्तथाऽरयः ॥ १३.१६२.५ ॥
Those with divided hearts openly sow discord, like enemies. Those scorched by prosperity are separated by that division, while those who are united are not divided. Son of Kuntī, enemies consumed by prosperity desire only division.
13.162.6
ज्येष्ठः कुलं वर्धयति विनाशयति वा पुनः ।
हन्ति सर्वमपि ज्येष्ठः प्रायो दुर्विनयादिह ॥ १३.१६२.६ ॥
The elder either makes the family grow or destroys it. Here, mostly through bad discipline, the elder ruins everything.
13.162.7
अथ यो विनिकुर्वीत ज्येष्ठो भ्राता यवीयसः ।
अज्येष्ठः स्यादभागश्च नियम्यो राजभिश्च सः ॥ १३.१६२.७ ॥
If an elder brother wrongs his younger brother, he is no longer the elder, he has no share, and he should be restrained by kings.
13.162.8
निकृती हि नरो लोकान्पापान्गच्छत्यसंशयम् ।
विफलं तस्य पुत्रत्वं मोघं जनयितुः स्मृतम् ॥ १३.१६२.८ ॥
A deceitful man undoubtedly goes to sinful worlds; his sonship is fruitless and said to be vain for the one who begot him.
13.162.9
पित्रोरनर्थायक कुले जायते पापपूरुषः ।
अकीर्तिं जनयत्येव कीर्तिमन्तर्दधाति च ॥ १३.१६२.९ ॥
A sinful man is born into a family for the ruin of his parents; he only produces disgrace and hides fame.
13.162.10
सर्वे चापि विकर्मस्था भागं नार्हन्ति सोदराः ।
ज्येष्ठोऽपि दुर्विनीतस्तु कनिष्ठस्तु विशेषतः।
नाप्रदाय कनिष्ठेभ्यो ज्येष्ठः कुर्वीत वेतनम् ॥ १३.१६२.१० ॥
All brothers who are engaged in wrong deeds do not deserve a share; even an ill-behaved elder does not, and above all the elder should not take wages without giving to the younger ones.
13.162.11
अनुजस्य पितुर्दायो जङ्घाश्रमफलोऽध्वगः ।
स्वयमीहेत लब्धं तु नाकामो दातुमर्हति ॥ १३.१६२.११ ॥
For a younger son, the father's inheritance is like the fruit of a traveller's walking; he should strive for it himself and obtain it. One who is not willing to give does not deserve to give.
13.162.12
भ्रातॄणामविभक्तानामुत्थानमपि चेत्सह ।
न पुत्रभागं विषमं पिता दद्यात्कदाचन। ॥ १३.१६२.१२ ॥
Even if undivided brothers exert themselves together, a father should never give the sons' shares unequally.
13.162.13
न ज्येष्ठो वाऽवमन्येत दुष्कृतः सुकृतोऽपि वा ।
गुरूणामपराधो हि शक्यः क्षन्तव्य एव च ॥ १३.१६२.१३ ॥
One should not disrespect the eldest brother, whether he has done wrong or right. The faults of elders can and should be borne and forgiven.
13.162.14
यदि स्त्री यद्यवरज श्रेयः पश्येत्तदाचरेत् ।
धर्मार्थः श्रेय इत्याहुस्त्रयो ज्ञाता विधायकाः ॥ १३.१६२.१४ ॥
Whether it is a woman or a younger person who sees what is good, that should be practised. Dharma and wealth are said to be the highest good; these three are known as the ordainers.
13.162.15
दशाचार्यानुपाध्याय उपाध्यायान्पिता दश ।
दश चैव पितॄन्माता सर्वां वा पृथिवीमपि।
गौरवेणाभिभवति नास्ति मातृसमो गुरुः ॥ १३.१६२.१५ ॥
Ten teachers equal one preceptor, ten preceptors equal one father, and ten fathers equal one mother. The mother surpasses the whole earth in honour. No teacher is equal to the mother.
13.162.16
माता गरीयसी यच्च तेनैतां मन्यते गुरुम् ।
ज्येष्ठो भ्राता पितृसमो मृते पितरि भारत ॥ १३.१६२.१६ ॥
The mother is weightier, and therefore she is regarded as the teacher. O Bhārata, when the father is dead, the eldest brother is equal to a father.
13.162.17
स ह्येषां वृत्तिदाता स्यात्स चैतान्प्रतिपालयेत् ।
कनिष्ठास्तं नमस्येरन्सर्वे छन्दानुवर्तिनः ॥ १३.१६२.१७ ॥
He should be their provider and he should protect them. The younger ones should all bow to him and follow his wishes.
13.162.18
तमेव चोपजीवेरन्यथैव पितरं तथा ।
शरीरमेतौ सृजतः पिता मता च भारत ॥ १३.१६२.१८ ॥
One should depend on him just as one depends on the father. O Bhārata, these two — father and mother — are the ones who create the body.
13.162.19
आचार्यशिष्टा या जातिः सा सत्या साऽजरामरा ।
ज्येष्ठा मातृसमा चापि भगिनी भरतर्षभ। ॥ १३.१६२.१९ ॥
The birth conferred by the teacher is the true one; it is ageless and immortal. O bull of the Bharatas, the elder sister too is equal to a mother.
13.162.20
भ्रातुर्भार्या च तद्वत्स्याद्यस्या बाल्ये स्तनं पिबेत् ॥ १३.१६२.२० ॥
The wife of a brother is likewise, and so is she whose breast someone drank from in childhood.