Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.163
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13.163.1
सर्वेषामेव वर्णानां म्लेच्छानां च पितामह ।
उपवासे मतिरियं कारणं च न विद्महे ॥ १३.१६३.१ ॥
Grandfather, we do not know the reason for this conviction about fasting, whether among all the classes or even among the outcastes.
13.163.2
ब्रह्मक्षत्रेण नियमाः कर्तव्या इति नः श्रुतम् ।
उपवासे कथं तेषां कृतमस्ति पितामह। ॥ १३.१६३.२ ॥
We have heard that brahmins and kshatriyas must keep observances; grandfather, how has it been done by them in fasting?
13.163.3
नियमांश्चोपवासांश्च सर्वेषां ब्रूहि पार्थिव ।
आप्नोति कां गतिं तात उपवासपरायणः ॥ १३.१६३.३ ॥
O king, tell the observances and fasts of all. Dear one, what destination does one who is devoted to fasting attain?
13.163.4
उपवासः परं पुण्यं पवित्रमपि चोत्तमम् ।
उपोष्येह नरश्रेष्ठ किं फलं प्रतिपद्यते ॥ १३.१६३.४ ॥
Fasting is supreme merit, purifying and excellent too. Best of men, what fruit is obtained here by having fasted?
13.163.5
अधर्मान्मुच्यते केन धर्ममाप्नोति वा कथम् ।
स्वर्गं पुण्यं च लभते कथं भरतसत्तम ॥ १३.१६३.५ ॥
By what does a man get freed from unrighteousness, or how does he attain righteousness? Best of the Bharatas, how does he obtain heaven and merit?
13.163.6
उपोष्य चापि किं तेन प्रयोज्यं स्यान्नराधिप ।
धर्मेण च सुखानर्थाँल्लभेद्येन ब्रवीहि मे ॥ १३.१६३.६ ॥
O lord of men, having fasted, what should one do with it? Tell me by what one attains pleasures and wealth through righteousness.
13.163.7
एवं ब्रुवाणं कौन्तेयं धर्मज्ञं धर्मतत्त्ववित् ।
धर्मपुत्रमिदं वाक्यं भीष्मः शान्तनवोऽब्रवीत् ॥ १३.१६३.७ ॥
Thus speaking to the son of Kuntī, knower of dharma and of its essence, Bhīṣma, son of Śantanu, spoke these words to Dharmaputra.
13.163.8
इदं खलु महाराज श्रुतमासीत्पुरातनम् ।
उपावासविधौ श्रेष्ठा गुणा ये भरतर्षभ ॥ १३.१६३.८ ॥
Great king, I have indeed heard this ancient teaching: the excellent merits contained in the rule of fasting, O bull of the Bharatas.
13.163.9
प्राजापत्यमाङ्गिरसं पृष्टवानस्मि भारत ।
यथा मां त्वं तथैवाहं पृष्टवांस्तं तपोधनम् ॥ १३.१६३.९ ॥
O Bhārata, just as you asked me, so too I asked that Āṅgirasa of the line of Prajāpati, whose wealth is austerity.
13.163.10
प्रश्नमेतं मया पृष्टो भगवानग्निसम्भवः ।
उपवासविधिं पुण्यमाचष्ट भरतर्षभ ॥ १३.१६३.१० ॥
When I asked this question, the venerable one born of fire explained the meritorious rule of fasting, O bull of the Bharatas.
13.163.11
ब्रह्मक्षत्रे त्रिरात्रं तु विहितं कुरुनन्दन ।
द्विस्त्रिरात्रमथैकाहं निर्दिष्टं पुरुषर्षभ ॥ १३.१६३.११ ॥
For brahmins and kṣatriyas, a fast of three nights is prescribed, O joy of the Kurus; two or three nights, or even a single day, has been stated, O bull among men.
13.163.12
वैश्याः शूद्राश्च यन्मोहादुपवासं प्रकुर्वते ।
त्रिरात्रं वा द्विराइत्रं वा तयोर्व्युष्टिर्न विद्यते ॥ १३.१६३.१२ ॥
When vaiśyas and śūdras keep a fast out of delusion, whether of three nights or of two, no result of it is found for them.
13.163.13
चतुर्थभक्तक्षपणं वैश्ये शूद्रे विधीयते ।
त्रिरात्रं न तु धर्मज्ञैर्विहितं ब्रह्मवादिभिः ॥ १३.१६३.१३ ॥
For a vaiśya and a śūdra a fast of the fourth meal (one day and night) is prescribed; a three-night fast has not been prescribed for them by those who know dharma and by the speakers of the Veda.
13.163.14
पञ्चम्यां वाऽपि षष्ठ्यां च पौर्णमास्यां च भारत ।
उपोष्य एकभक्तेन नियतात्मा जितेन्द्रियः ॥ १३.१६३.१४ ॥
O Bhārata, on the fifth or the sixth lunar day, and also on the full moon, a man of restrained self and conquered senses should fast, eating one meal.
13.163.15
क्षमावान्रूपसम्पन्नः सुरभिश्चैव जायते ।
नानपत्यो भवेत्प्राज्ञो दरिद्रो वा कदाचन ॥ १३.१६३.१५ ॥
He is born forbearing, handsome, and fragrant (pleasing); he becomes wise, is not without offspring, and is never poor.
13.163.16
यजिष्णुः पञ्चमीं षष्ठीं कुले भोजयते द्विजान् ।
अष्टमीमथ कौरव्य कृष्णपक्षे चतुर्दशीम्।
उपोष्य व्याधिरहितो वीर्यवानभिजायते ॥ १३.१६३.१६ ॥
The sacrificer, on the fifth and sixth days, feeds twice-born men in his family; O descendant of Kuru, fasting also on the eighth and fourteenth days of the dark fortnight, he is born free from disease and vigorous.
13.163.17
मार्गशीर्षं तु वै मासमेकभक्तेन यः क्षिपेत् ।
भोजयेच्च द्विजाञ्शक्त्या स मुच्येद्व्याधिकिल्बिषैः ॥ १३.१६३.१७ ॥
He who passes the month of Mārgaśīrṣa with one meal a day and feeds the twice-born according to his means is freed from the sins that take the form of disease.
13.163.18
सर्वकल्याणसम्पूर्णः सर्वौषधिसमन्वितः ।
कृषिभागी बहुधनो बहुधान्यश्च जायते ॥ १३.१६३.१८ ॥
He is full of every blessing and endowed with every herb; he is born a sharer in agriculture, rich in wealth and rich in grain.
13.163.19
पौषमासं तु कौन्तेय भक्तेनैकेन यः क्षिपेत् ।
सुभगो दर्शनीयश्च यशोभागी च जायते ॥ १३.१६३.१९ ॥
O son of Kuntī, one who passes the month of Pauṣa with a single meal becomes fortunate, pleasing to behold, and a sharer in fame.
13.163.20
पितृभक्तो माघमासं यः क्षिपेदेकभोजनः ।
श्रीमत्कुले ज्ञातिमध्ये सुभगत्वं प्रपद्यते ॥ १३.१६३.२० ॥
He who, devoted to his ancestors and eating one meal a day, passes the month of Māgha attains good fortune in a prosperous family, among his kinsmen.
13.163.21
भगदैवतमासं तु एकभक्तेन यः क्षिपेत् ।
सुभगो दर्शनीयश्च यशोभागी च जायते।
स्त्रीषु वल्लभतां याति वश्याश्चास्य भवन्ति ताः ॥ १३.१६३.२१ ॥
He who passes the month presided over by Bhaga with a single meal becomes fortunate, pleasing to behold, and a sharer in fame; he becomes beloved among women, and they become submissive to him.
13.163.22
चैत्रं तु नियतो मासमेकभक्तेन यः क्षिपेत् ।
सुवर्णमणिमुक्ताढ्ये कुले महति जायते ॥ १३.१६३.२२ ॥
He who, self-restrained, passes the month of Caitra with a single meal is born into a great family rich in gold, gems and pearls.
13.163.23
निस्तरेदेकभक्तेन वैशाखं यो जितेन्द्रियः ।
नरो वा यदि वा नरी ज्ञातीनां श्रेष्ठतां व्रजेत् ॥ १३.१६३.२३ ॥
He, man or woman, who with mastered senses completes the month of Vaiśākha with a single meal attains preeminence among kinsmen.
13.163.24
ज्येष्ठामूलं तु यो मासमेकभक्तेन संक्षिपेत् ।
ऐश्वर्यमतुलं श्रेष्ठं पुमान्स्त्री वा प्रपद्यते ॥ १३.१६३.२४ ॥
He, man or woman, who passes the month of Jyeṣṭhā-Mūla briefly with a single meal attains incomparable and supreme sovereignty.
13.163.25
आषाढमेकभक्तेन स्थित्वा मासमतन्द्रितः ।
बहुधान्यो बहुधनो बहुपुत्रश्च जायते ॥ १३.१६३.२५ ॥
He who, without lassitude, remains for a whole month in Āṣāḍha taking one meal a day, becomes rich in grain, rich in wealth, and rich in sons.
13.163.26
श्रावणं नियतो मासमेकभक्तेन यः क्षिपेत् ।
रूपद्रविणसम्पन्नः सुखी भवति नित्यशः।
बहुभार्यो बहुधनो बहुपुत्रश्चि जायते ॥ १३.१६३.२६ ॥
He who, self-controlled, spends the month of Śrāvaṇa taking one meal a day, endowed with beauty and wealth, is always happy; he becomes one with many wives, rich in wealth, and rich in sons.
13.163.27
प्रौष्ठपादं तु यो मासमेकाहारो भवेन्नरः ।
गवाढ्यं स्फीतमचलमैश्वर्यं प्रतिपद्यते ॥ १३.१६३.२७ ॥
The man who, for the month of Prauṣṭhapāda, eats only one meal a day, attains prosperity that is rich in cattle, abundant, and steadfast.
13.163.28
तथैवाश्वयुजं मासमेकभक्तेन यः क्षिपेत् ।
प्रज्ञावान्वाहनाढ्यश्च बहुपुत्रश्च जायते ॥ १३.१६३.२८ ॥
Likewise, he who passes the month of Āśvayuja taking one meal a day becomes wise, rich in vehicles, and rich in sons.
13.163.29
कार्तिकं तु नरो मासं यः कुर्यादेकभोजनम् ।
शूरश्च बहुभार्यश्च कीर्तिमांश्चैव जायते ॥ १३.१६३.२९ ॥
The man who takes a single meal throughout the month of Kārtika becomes valiant, has many wives, and is famous.
13.163.30
इति मासा नरव्याघ्र क्षिपतां परिकीर्तिताः ।
तिथीनां नियमा ये तु शृणु तानपि पार्थिव ॥ १३.१६३.३० ॥
Thus, O tiger among men, the months have been declared for those who fast. Now, O king, hear also the observances of the lunar days.
13.163.31
पक्षेपक्षे गते यस्तु भक्तमश्नाति भारत ।
गवाढ्यो बहुपुत्रश्च दीर्घायुश्च स जायते ॥ १३.१६३.३१ ॥
O Bhārata, he who eats food after each fortnight has passed is born rich in cattle, with many sons, and long-lived.
13.163.32
मासिमासि त्रिरात्राणि कृत्वा वर्षाणि द्वादश ।
गणाधिपत्यं प्राप्नोति निःसपत्नमनाविलम् ॥ १३.१६३.३२ ॥
Having performed three-night observances each month for twelve years, a man attains lordship over the hosts, unrivalled and untroubled.
13.163.33
एते तु नियमाः सर्वे कर्तव्याः शरदो दश ।
द्वे चान्ये भरतश्रेष्ठ प्रवृत्तिरनुकीर्तिता ॥ १३.१६३.३३ ॥
All these observances should be kept for ten and two autumns; and the practice of the others, O best of the Bharatas, has been related.
13.163.34
यस्तु प्रातस्तथा सायं भुञ्जानो नान्तरा पिबेत् ।
अहिंसानिरतो नित्यं जुह्वानो जातवेदसम् ॥ १३.१६३.३४ ॥
He who eats in the morning and likewise in the evening, drinks nothing in between, is always devoted to non-violence, and offers oblations into Jātavedas (Agni)—
13.163.35
षड्भिः स वर्षैर्नृपते सिध्यते नाइत्र संशयः ।
अग्निष्टोमस्य यज्ञस्य फलं प्राप्नोति मानवः ॥ १३.१६३.३५ ॥
O king, in six years he attains success—there is no doubt of this; the man obtains the fruit of the Agniṣṭoma sacrifice.
13.163.36
अधिवासे सोप्सरसां नृत्यगीतविनादिते ।
रमते स्त्रीसहस्राढ्ये सुकुती विरजा नरः ॥ १३.१६३.३६ ॥
In that abode, resounding with dance, song and music, together with the Apsarases and rich with thousands of women, the virtuous and stainless man delights.
13.163.37
तप्तकाञ्चनवर्णाभं विमानमधिरोहति ।
पूर्णं वर्षसहस्रं च ब्रह्मिलोके महीयते।
तत्क्षयादिह चागम्य माहात्म्यं प्रतिपद्यते ॥ १३.१६३.३७ ॥
He mounts a celestial chariot the color of heated gold, and for a full thousand years he is honored in the world of Brahmā. When that merit is exhausted, he comes back here and attains greatness.
13.163.38
यस्तु संवत्सरं पूर्णमेकाहारो भवेन्नरः ।
अतिरात्रस्य यज्ञस्य स फलं समुपाश्नुते ॥ १३.१६३.३८ ॥
The man who for a full year takes only one meal a day obtains in full the fruit of the Atirātra sacrifice.
13.163.39
त्रिंशद्वर्षसहस्राणि स्वर्गे च स महीयते ।
तत्क्षयादिह चागम्य माहात्म्यं प्रतिपद्यते ॥ १३.१६३.३९ ॥
He is honored in heaven for thirty thousand years, and when that merit is exhausted he comes back here and attains greatness.
13.163.40
यस्तु संवत्सरं पूर्णं चतुर्थं भक्तमश्नुते ।
अहिंसानिरतो नित्यं सत्यवाग्विजितेन्द्रियः ॥ १३.१६३.४० ॥
He who for a full year eats only every fourth day, always devoted to non-violence, speaking truth, with his senses conquered.
13.163.41
वाजपेयस्य यज्ञस्य स फलं समुपाश्नुते ।
त्रिंशद्वर्षसहस्राणि स्वर्गलोके महीयते ॥ १३.१६३.४१ ॥
He obtains in full the fruit of the Vājapeya sacrifice, and is honored in the world of heaven for thirty thousand years.
13.163.42
षष्ठे काले तु कौन्तेय नरः संवत्सरं क्षिपन् ।
अश्वमेधस्य यज्ञस्य फलं प्राप्नोति मानवः ॥ १३.१६३.४२ ॥
O son of Kuntī, a man who passes a year in the sixth period obtains the fruit of the horse-sacrifice.
13.163.43
चक्रवाकप्रयुक्तेन विमानेन स गच्छति ।
चत्वारिंशत्सहस्राणि वर्षाणि दिवि मोदते ॥ १३.१६३.४३ ॥
Borne by a chariot yoked to cakravāka geese, he goes; for forty thousand years he rejoices in heaven.
13.163.44
अष्टमेन तु भक्तेन जीवन्संवत्सरं नृप ।
गवामयनयज्ञस्य फलं प्राप्नोति मानवः ॥ १३.१६३.४४ ॥
O king, a man who lives a year on food taken at the eighth meal obtains the fruit of the gavām-ayana sacrifice.
13.163.45
हंससारसयुक्तेन विमानेन स गच्छति ।
पञ्चाशतं सहस्राणि वर्षाणां दिवि मोदते ॥ १३.१६३.४५ ॥
Borne by a chariot yoked to swans and cranes, he goes; for fifty thousand years he rejoices in heaven.
13.163.46
पक्षेपक्षे गते राजन्योऽश्नीयाद्वर्षमेव तु ।
षण्मासानशनं तस्य भगवानङ्गिराऽब्रवीत्।
षष्टिं वर्षसहस्राणि दिवमावसते च सः ॥ १३.१६३.४६ ॥
O king, he who eats only once each fortnight and spends a year, fasting for six months—so said the blessed Aṅgiras—dwells in heaven for sixty thousand years.
13.163.47
विणानां वल्लकीनां च वेणूनां च विशाम्पते ।
सुघोषैर्मधुरैः शब्दैः सुप्तः स प्रतिबोध्यते ॥ १३.१६३.४७ ॥
O lord of men, the sleeper is awakened by the sweet, melodious sounds of lutes, harps and flutes.
13.163.48
संवत्सरमिहैकं तु मासिमासि पिबेदपः ।
फलं विश्वजितस्तात प्राप्नोति स नरो नृप ॥ १३.१६३.४८ ॥
Here, O dear one, O king, a man who for a whole year drinks only water each month obtains the fruit of the viśvajit sacrifice.
13.163.49
सिंहव्याघ्रप्रयुक्तेन विमानेन स गच्छति ।
सप्ततिं च सहस्राणि वर्षाणां दिवि मोदते ॥ १३.१६३.४९ ॥
Yoked with lions and tigers, he travels in an aerial chariot, and for seventy thousand years he rejoices in heaven.
13.163.50
मासादूर्ध्वं नरव्याघ्र नोपवासो विधीयते ।
विधिं त्वनशनस्याहुः पार्थ धर्मविदो जनाः ॥ १३.१६३.५० ॥
Beyond a month, O tiger among men, fasting is not prescribed; the rule of abstaining from food, O son of Pṛthā, is declared by those who know dharma.
13.163.51
अनार्तो व्याधिरहितो गच्छेदनशनं तु यः ।
पदेपदे यज्ञफलं स प्राप्नोति न संशयः ॥ १३.१६३.५१ ॥
He who fasts, free from distress and disease, obtains at every step the fruit of a sacrifice; of this there is no doubt.
13.163.52
दिवं हंसप्रयुक्तेन विमानेन स गच्छति ।
शतं वर्षसहस्राणां मोदते स दिवि प्रभो ॥ १३.१६३.५२ ॥
Yoked with swans, he travels to heaven in an aerial chariot; O lord, he rejoices in heaven for a hundred thousand years.
13.163.53
शतं चाप्सरसः कन्या रमयन्त्यपि तं नरम् ।
आर्तो वा व्याधितो वाऽपि गच्छेदनशनं तु यः ॥ १३.१६३.५३ ॥
A hundred apsaras, maidens, delight that man; and whoever fasts, even if distressed or diseased, (obtains the same).
13.163.54
शतं वर्षसहस्राणां मोदते स दिवि प्रभो ।
काञ्चीनूपुरशब्देन सुप्तश्चैव प्रबोध्यते ॥ १३.१६३.५४ ॥
O lord, he rejoices in heaven for a hundred thousand years; and even one who sleeps is awakened by the sound of girdle and anklets.
13.163.55
सहस्रहंसयुक्तेन विमानेन तु गच्छति ।
स गत्वा स्त्रीशताकीर्णे रमते भरतर्षभ ॥ १३.१६३.५५ ॥
In an aerial chariot yoked with a thousand swans he goes; having reached a place filled with hundreds of women, O bull of the Bharatas, he delights.
13.163.56
क्षीणस्याप्यायनं दृष्टं क्षतस्य क्षतरोहणम् ।
व्याधितस्यौषधग्रामः क्रुद्धस्य च प्रसादनम् ॥ १३.१६३.५६ ॥
Restoration is seen for the weakened, healing of wounds for the wounded, a host of medicines for the sick, and appeasement for the angry.
13.163.57
दुःखितस्यार्तपूर्वस्य द्रव्याणां प्रतिपादनम् ।
न चैतद्रोचते तेषां ये धनैः सुखमेधिताः ॥ १३.१६३.५७ ॥
Giving goods to one who is sorrowful and formerly afflicted; this does not please those who were nourished in happiness by wealth.
13.163.58
अतः स कामसंयुक्ते विमाने हेमसन्निभे ।
रमते स्त्रीशताकीर्णे पुरुषोऽलङ्कृतः शुचिः ॥ १३.१६३.५८ ॥
Therefore he delights, adorned and pure, in an aerial chariot gleaming like gold and yoked to his desires, in a place filled with hundreds of women.
13.163.59
स्वस्थः सफलसङ्कल्पः सुखी विगतकल्मषः ।
अनश्नन्देहमुत्सृज्य फलं प्राप्नोति मानवः ॥ १३.१६३.५९ ॥
A man who is self-possessed, whose resolve bears fruit, happy and free from stain, abandons the body without eating and obtains the reward.
13.163.60
बालसूर्यप्रतीकाशे विमाने सोमवर्चसि ।
वैदूर्यमुक्ताखचिते वीणामुरजनादिते ॥ १३.१६३.६० ॥
In an aerial chariot like the rising sun, radiant as the moon, set with lapis lazuli and pearls, resounding with the lute and the drum.
13.163.61
पताकादीपिकाकीर्णे दिव्यघण्टानिनादिते ।
स्त्रीसहस्रानुचरिते स नरः सुखमेधते ॥ १३.१६३.६१ ॥
Filled with banners and lamps, resounding with divine bells, attended by a thousand women, that man thrives in happiness.
13.163.62
यावन्ति रोमकूपाणि तस्य गात्रेषु पाण्डव ।
तावन्त्येव सहस्राणि वर्षाणां दिवि मोदते ॥ १३.१६३.६२ ॥
O Pāṇḍava, as many as are the pores of hair on his limbs, so many thousands of years he rejoices in heaven.
13.163.63
नास्ति वेदात्परं शास्त्रं नास्ति मातृसमो गुरुः ।
न धर्मात्परमो लाभस्तपो नानशनात्परम् ॥ १३.१६३.६३ ॥
There is no scripture higher than the Veda, no teacher equal to a mother; there is no gain higher than dharma, and no austerity higher than fasting.
13.163.64
ब्राह्मणेभ्यः परं नास्ति पावनं दिवि चेह च ।
उपवासैस्तथा तुल्यं तपःकर्म न विद्यते ॥ १३.१६३.६४ ॥
Nothing is more purifying than brahmins, in heaven or here; and no austerity is found equal to fasts.
13.163.65
उपोष्य विधिवद्देवास्त्रिदिवं प्रतिपेदिरे ।
ऋषयश्च परां सिद्धिमुपवासैरवाप्नुवन् ॥ १३.१६३.६५ ॥
Having fasted according to rule, the gods attained the heaven of the three worlds, and the sages obtained supreme perfection through fasts.
13.163.66
दिव्यवर्षसहस्राणि विश्वामित्रेण धीमता ।
क्षान्तमेकेन भक्तेन तेन विप्रत्वमागतम् ॥ १३.१६३.६६ ॥
The wise Viśvāmitra endured thousands of divine years on a single meal; by that he attained brahminhood.
13.163.67
च्यवनो जमदग्निश्च वसिष्ठो गौतमो भृगुः ।
सर्व एव दिवं प्राप्ताः क्षमावन्तो महर्षयः ॥ १३.१६३.६७ ॥
Cyavana, Jamadagni, Vasiṣṭha, Gautama and Bhṛgu — all the great sages who possessed forbearance attained heaven.
13.163.68
इदमङ्गीरसा पूर्वं महर्षिभ्यः प्रदर्शितम् ।
यः प्रदर्शयते नित्यं न स दुःखमवाप्नुते ॥ १३.१६३.६८ ॥
This was formerly shown to the great sages by Aṅgiras. He who constantly shows it does not obtain sorrow.
13.163.69
इमं तु कौन्तेय यथाक्रमं विधिं ।
प्रवर्तितं ह्यङ्गिरसा महर्षिणा।
पठेच्च यो वै शृणुयाच्च नित्यदा ।
न विद्यते तस्य नरस्य किल्बिषम् ॥ १३.१६३.६९ ॥
O son of Kuntī, this rite, established in order by the great sage Aṅgiras, — whoever recites it or hears it constantly, in that man there is no sin.
13.163.70
विमुच्यते चापि स सर्वसङ्करै-
र्न चास्य दोषैरभिभूयते मनः।
वियोनिजानां च विजानते रुतं ।
ध्रुवां च कीर्तिं लभते नरोत्तमः ॥ १३.१६३.७० ॥
He is freed from all impure mixtures, and his mind is not overcome by faults. He also understands the cries of creatures of various wombs, and obtains enduring fame — he is the best of men.