Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.173
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13.173.1
पितामह महाप्राज्ञ सर्वशास्त्रविशारद ।
श्रोतुमिच्छामि मर्त्यानां संसारविधिमुत्तमम् ॥ १३.१७३.१ ॥
Grandfather, O greatly wise one, expert in all the scriptures! I wish to hear the supreme order of worldly existence for mortals.
13.173.2
केन वृत्तेन राजेन्द्र वर्तमाना नरा भुवि ।
प्राप्नुवन्त्युत्तमं स्वर्गं कथं च नरकं नृप ॥ १३.१७३.२ ॥
O lord of kings, by what conduct do men living on earth attain supreme heaven, and how do they attain hell, O king?
13.173.3
मृतं शरीरमुत्सृज्य काष्ठलोष्टसमं जनाः ।
प्रयान्त्यमुं लोकमितः को वै ताननुगच्छति ॥ १३.१७३.३ ॥
Having abandoned the dead body like a log or a clod of earth, people depart from here to that world; who truly follows them?
13.173.4
दूरादायाति भगवान्बृहस्पतिरुदारधीः ।
पृच्छैनं सुमहाभागमेतद्गुह्यं सनातनम् ॥ १३.१७३.४ ॥
From afar comes the venerable Bṛhaspati, of noble intellect; ask this greatly fortunate one about this secret and eternal matter.
13.173.5
नैतदन्येन शक्यं हि वक्तुं केनचिदद्य वै ।
वक्ता बृहस्पतिसमो न ह्यन्यो विद्यते क्वचित् ॥ १३.१७३.५ ॥
This cannot be spoken today by anyone else; there is no other speaker anywhere equal to Bṛhaspati.
13.173.6
तयोः संवदतोरेवं पार्थगाङ्गेययोस्तदा ।
आजगाम विशुद्धात्मा भगवान्स बृहस्पतिः ॥ १३.१७३.६ ॥
While those two, Pārtha and the son of Gaṅgā, were thus conversing, the venerable Bṛhaspati, pure of soul, arrived there.
13.173.7
ततो राजा समुत्थाय धृतराष्ट्रपुरोगमः ।
पूजामनुषमां चक्रे सर्वे ते च सभासदः ॥ १३.१७३.७ ॥
Then the king rose and, with Dhṛtarāṣṭra leading, paid unequalled honour, and all the members of the assembly did likewise.
13.173.8
ततो धर्मसुतो राजा भगवन्तं बृहस्पतिम् ।
उपगम्य यथान्यायं प्रश्नं पप्रच्छ तत्त्वतः ॥ १३.१७३.८ ॥
Then the king, son of Dharma, approaching the venerable Bṛhaspati, duly asked him a question concerning the truth.
13.173.9
भगवन्सर्वधर्मज्ञ सर्वशास्त्रविशारद ।
मर्त्यस्य कः सहायो वै पिता माता सुतो गुरुः। ॥ १३.१७३.९ ॥
O venerable one, knower of all dharma, expert in all the scriptures! Who indeed is the helper of a mortal—father, mother, son, or teacher?
13.173.10
मृतं शरीरमुत्सृज्य काष्ठलोष्टसमं जनाः ।
गच्छन्त्यमुं च लोकं वै क एताननुगच्छति ॥ १३.१७३.१० ॥
Having abandoned the dead body like a log or a clod, people go to that other world. Who then follows these?
13.173.11
एकः प्रसूयते राजन्नेक एव विनश्यति ।
एकस्तरति दुर्गाणि गच्छत्येकस्तु दुर्गतिम् ॥ १३.१७३.११ ॥
Alone a man is born, O king, and alone he perishes; alone he crosses difficulties, and alone he goes to a wretched destiny.
13.173.12
न सहायः पिता माता तथा भ्राता सुतो गुरुः ।
ज्ञातिसम्बन्धिवर्गश्च मित्रवर्गस्तथैव च ॥ १३.१७३.१२ ॥
Neither father, nor mother, nor brother, nor son, nor teacher, nor the company of kinsmen and relations, nor the company of friends, is a helper.
13.173.13
मृतं शरीरमुत्सृज्य काष्ठलोष्टसमं जनाः ।
मुहूर्तमुपयुञ्ज्याथ ततो यान्ति पराङ्मुखाः ॥ १३.१७३.१३ ॥
Having abandoned the dead body like a piece of wood or a clod of earth, people remain attached to it for a moment, and then go away with their faces turned back.
13.173.14
तैस्तच्छरीरमुत्सृष्टं धर्मि एकोऽनुगच्छति ।
तस्माद्धर्मः सहायार्थे सेवितव्यः सदा नृपः ॥ १३.१७३.१४ ॥
Of that body abandoned by them, only the righteous one follows alone. Therefore a king should always cultivate dharma, for dharma is the companion.
13.173.15
प्राणी धर्मसमायुक्तो गच्छेत्स्वर्गगतिं पराम् ।
तथैवाधर्मसंयुक्तो नरकं चोपपद्यते ॥ १३.१७३.१५ ॥
A living being endowed with dharma goes to the supreme path of heaven; likewise, one joined with adharma is brought to hell.
13.173.16
तस्मान्न्यायागतैरर्थैर्धर्मं सेवेत पण्डितः ।
धर्म एको मनुष्याणां सहायः पारलौकिकः ॥ १३.१७३.१६ ॥
Therefore a wise man should serve dharma with wealth gained by just means. For men, dharma alone is the companion in the next world.
13.173.17
लोभान्मोहादनुक्रोशाद्भयाद्वाऽप्यबहुश्रुतः ।
नरः करोत्यकार्याणि परार्थे लोभमोहितः ॥ १३.१७३.१७ ॥
Out of greed, delusion, compassion, or even fear, a man of little learning, deluded by greed for another's sake, does improper deeds.
13.173.18
धर्मश्चार्थश्च कामश्च त्रितयं जीविते फलम् ।
एतत्त्रयमवाप्तव्यमधर्मपरिवर्जितम् ॥ १३.१७३.१८ ॥
Dharma, wealth and desire — this triad is the fruit of life. These three should be attained, free from adharma.
13.173.19
श्रुतं भगवतो वाक्यं धर्मयुक्तं परं हितम् ।
शरीरनिश्चयं ज्ञातुं बुद्धिस्तु मम जायते ॥ १३.१७३.१९ ॥
I have heard the venerable one's words, united with dharma and most beneficial. Now my mind desires to know the determination concerning the body.
13.173.20
मृतं शरीरं हि नृणां सूक्ष्ममव्यक्ततां गतम् ।
अचक्षुर्विषयं प्राप्तं कथं धर्मोऽनुगच्छति ॥ १३.१७३.२० ॥
The body of dead men, become subtle and gone to the unmanifest state, beyond the reach of sight, how does dharma follow it?
13.173.21
पृथिवी वायुराकाशमापो ज्योतिरनन्तरम् ।
बुद्धिरात्मा च सहिता धर्मं पश्यन्ति नित्यदा ॥ १३.१७३.२१ ॥
Earth, air, space, water, then light, together with intellect and the self, always perceive dharma.
13.173.22
प्राणिनामिह सर्वेषां साक्षिभूतं दिवानिशम् ।
एतैश्च सह धर्मोऽपि तं जीवमनुगच्छति ॥ १३.१७३.२२ ॥
Serving as witness of all living beings here, day and night, together with these, dharma also follows that living self.
13.173.23
त्वगस्थि मांसं शुक्रं च शोणितं च महामते ।
शरीरं वर्जयन्त्येते जीवितेन विवर्जितम् ॥ १३.१७३.२३ ॥
O great-minded one, skin, bone, flesh, semen and blood abandon the body deprived of life.
13.173.24
ततो धर्मसमायुक्तः स जीवः सुखमेधते ।
इह लोके परे चैव किं भूयः कथयामि ते ॥ १३.१७३.२४ ॥
Then that living self, joined with dharma, prospers in happiness here in this world and in the next. What more shall I tell you?
13.173.25
तद्दर्शितं भगवता यथा धर्मोऽनुगच्छति ।
एतत्तु ज्ञातुमिच्छामि कथं रेतः प्रवर्तते ॥ १३.१७३.२५ ॥
As the blessed one has shown how dharma follows, I wish to know how the seed arises.
13.173.26
अन्नमश्नन्ति यद्देवाः शरीरस्था नरेश्वर ।
पृथिवी वायुराकाशमापो ज्योतिर्मनस्तथा ॥ १३.१७३.२६ ॥
O lord of men, the gods dwelling in the body eat food: earth, wind, space, water, fire and likewise the mind.
13.173.27
ततस्तृप्तेषु राजेन्द्र तेषु भूतेषु पञ्चसु ।
मनःषष्ठेषु शुद्धात्मन्रेतः सम्पद्यते महत् ॥ १३.१७३.२७ ॥
Then, O king of kings, when those five elements, with mind as the sixth, are satisfied, O pure-souled one, the great seed is produced.
13.173.28
ततो गर्भः सम्भवति श्लेषात्स्त्रीपुंसयोर्नृप ।
एतत्ते सर्वमाख्यातं भूयः किं श्रोतुमिच्छसि ॥ १३.१७३.२८ ॥
Then, O king, through the union of woman and man an embryo comes into being. All this has been told to you. What more do you wish to hear?
13.173.29
आख्यातं मे भगवता गर्भः सञ्जायते यथा ।
यथा जातस्तु पुरुषः प्रपद्यति तदुच्यताम् ॥ १३.१७३.२९ ॥
The blessed one has told me how the embryo comes into being. Now tell me how a man, once born, attains what he attains.
13.173.30
आसन्नमात्रः पुरुषस्तैर्भूतैरभिभूयते ।
विप्रयुक्तश्च तैर्भूतैः पुनर्यात्यपरां गतिम्।
स च भूतसमायुक्तः प्राप्नुते जीव एव हि ॥ १३.१७३.३० ॥
A man just about to be born is overpowered by those elements; separated from those elements, he goes again to another course; and the living being joined with the elements is the one that attains it.
13.173.31
ततोऽस्य कर्म पश्यन्ति शुभं वा यदि वाशुभम् ।
देवताः पञ्चभूतस्थाः किं भूयः श्रोतुमिच्छसि ॥ १३.१७३.३१ ॥
Then the gods abiding in the five elements see this being's good or evil deeds. What more do you wish to hear?
13.173.32
त्वगस्थिमांसमुत्सृज्य तैश्च भूतैर्विवर्जितः ।
जीवः सह वसन्कृत्स्नं सुखदुःखसहः प्रभो ॥ १३.१७३.३२ ॥
Having cast off skin, bone and flesh, and separated from those elements, the soul, dwelling in the whole, endures pleasure and pain, O lord.
13.173.33
भोगवश्यं कर्मवश्यं यातनावश्यमित्यपि ।
एतत्त्रयाणामासाद्य कर्मतः सोऽश्नुते फलम् ॥ १३.१७३.३३ ॥
He is subject to enjoyment, subject to deed, and subject to torment. Having attained these three, he obtains the fruit through deed.
13.173.34
जीवः कर्मसमायुक्तः शीघ्रं रेतस्त्वमागतः ।
स्त्रीणां पुष्पं समासाद्य सूतिकाले लभेत तत् ॥ १३.१७३.३४ ॥
The soul, joined with its deeds, quickly comes as seed; having reached a woman's flower, it obtains that at the time of birth.
13.173.35
यमस्य पुरुषैः क्लेसं यमस्य पुरुषैर्वधम् ।
दुःखं संसारचक्रं च नरः क्लेशं स विन्दति ॥ १३.१७३.३५ ॥
Affliction at the hands of Yama's men, slaying at the hands of Yama's men, sorrow, and the wheel of saṃsāra; and a man finds that affliction.
13.173.36
इह लोके स च प्राणी जन्मप्रभृति पार्थिव ।
सुकृतं कर्म वै भुङ्क्ते धर्मस्य फलमाश्रितः ॥ १३.१७३.३६ ॥
In this world that living being, from birth onward, O king, resting on the fruit of dharma, enjoys the fruit of its good deeds.
13.173.37
यदि धर्मं यथाशक्ति जन्मप्रभृति सेवते ।
ततः स पुरुषो भूत्वा सेवते नियतं सुखम् ॥ १३.१७३.३७ ॥
If a person from birth onward follows dharma according to his capacity, then, becoming a man, he surely enjoys happiness.
13.173.38
अथान्तरा तु धर्मस्याप्यधर्ममुपसेवते ।
सुखस्यानन्तरं दुःखं स जीवोऽप्यधिगच्छति ॥ १३.१७३.३८ ॥
But if one, even in the midst of dharma, practises adharma, that living being also encounters suffering right after happiness.
13.173.39
अधर्मेण समायुक्तो यमस्य विषयं गतः ।
महद्दुःखं समासाद्य तिर्यग्योनौ प्रजायते ॥ १३.१७३.३९ ॥
Afflicted by adharma and gone to the realm of Yama, the living being, having met with great suffering, is born in an animal womb.
13.173.40
कर्मणा येन येनेह यस्यां योनौ प्रजायते ।
जीवो मोहसमायुक्तस्तन्मे निगदतः शृणु ॥ १३.१७३.४० ॥
Listen while I explain by which actions, here in this world, a living being joined to delusion is born into which womb.
13.173.41
यदेतदुच्यते शास्त्रे सेतिहासे च च्छन्दसि ।
यमस्य विषयं घोरं मर्त्यो लोकः प्रपद्यते ॥ १३.१७३.४१ ॥
What is said in the scripture, together with the epic lore, and in the Veda: the mortal world goes to the terrible realm of Yama.
13.173.42
इह स्थानानि पुण्यानि देवतुल्यानि भूपते ।
तिर्यग्योन्यतिरिक्तानि गतिमन्ति च सर्वशः ॥ १३.१७३.४२ ॥
Here, O lord of the earth, there are meritorious abodes equal to the gods, apart from the animal wombs, and they have destinations in every way.
13.173.43
यमस्य भवने दिव्ये ब्रह्मलोकसमे गुणैः ।
कर्मभिर्नियतैर्बद्धो जन्तुर्दुःखान्युपाश्नुते ॥ १३.१७३.४३ ॥
In Yama's divine abode, equal in its qualities to Brahmā's world, the creature bound by fixed deeds undergoes suffering.
13.173.44
येनयेन तु भावेन कर्मणा पुरुषो गतिम् ।
प्रयाति परुषां घोरां तत्ते वक्ष्याम्यतः परम् ॥ १३.१७३.४४ ॥
Whatever state of mind and whatever deed leads a man to a harsh and terrible destiny, that I shall now tell you.
13.173.45
अधीत्य चतुरो वेदान्द्विजो मोहसमन्वितः ।
पतितात्प्रतिगृह्याथ खरयोनौ प्रजायते ॥ १३.१७३.४५ ॥
A twice-born man, though he has studied the four Vedas yet is deluded, who accepts gifts from an outcaste is reborn in the womb of an ass.
13.173.46
खरो जीवति वर्षाणि दश पञ्च च भारत ।
खरो मृतो बलीवर्दः सप्तवर्षाणि जीवति ॥ १३.१७३.४६ ॥
The ass lives for fifteen years, O Bhārata. When the ass dies, it becomes an ox and lives for seven years.
13.173.47
बलीवर्दो मृतश्चापि जायते ब्रह्मराक्षसः ।
ब्रह्मरक्षश्च मासांस्त्रींस्ततो जायेत ब्राह्मणः ॥ १३.१७३.४७ ॥
When the ox dies, it is reborn as a brahmin-demon; the brahmin-demon lives for three months and is then reborn as a brahmin.
13.173.48
पतितं याजयित्वा तु कृमियोनौ प्रजायते ।
तत्र जीवति वर्षाणि दश पञ्च च भारत ॥ १३.१७३.४८ ॥
He who causes an outcaste to sacrifice is reborn in the womb of a worm; there he lives for fifteen years, O Bhārata.
13.173.49
कृमिभावाद्विमुक्तस्तु ततो जायेत गर्दभः ।
गर्दभः पञ्चवर्षाणि पञ्चवर्षाणि सूकरः ॥ १३.१७३.४९ ॥
Freed from the state of a worm, he is then born as a donkey: five years as a donkey, and five years as a boar.
13.173.50
कुक्कुटः पञ्चवर्षाणि पञ्चवर्षाणि जम्बुकः ।
श्वा वर्षमेकं भवति ततो जायेत मानवः ॥ १३.१७३.५० ॥
As a cock, five years; and five years as a jackal. For one year he becomes a dog, and then he is born as a human being.
13.173.51
उपाध्यायस्त्रियः पापं शिष्यः कुर्यादबुद्धिमान् ।
स जीव इह संसारांस्त्रीनाप्नोति न संशयः ॥ १३.१७३.५१ ॥
If an unwise disciple commits a sin with his teacher's wife, he obtains three cycles of rebirth here; there is no doubt.
13.173.52
वृको भवति राजेन्द्र ततः क्रव्यात्ततः खरः ।
ततः प्रेतः परिक्लिष्टः पश्चाज्जायेत ब्राह्मणः ॥ १३.१७३.५२ ॥
He becomes a wolf, O lord of kings; then a flesh-eater, then an ass. Then, as a tormented ghost, he is afterwards born as a brahmin.
13.173.53
मनसाऽपि गुरोर्भार्यां यः शिष्यो याति पापकृत् ।
स उग्रान्प्रैति संसारानधर्मेणेह चेतसा ॥ १३.१७३.५३ ॥
The sinful disciple who goes even in mind to his teacher's wife goes, through unrighteousness and with this very mind, into terrible cycles of rebirth.
13.173.54
श्वयोनौ तु स सम्भूतस्त्रीणि वर्षाणि जीवति ।
तत्रापि निधनं प्राप्तः कृमियोनौ प्रजायते ॥ १३.१७३.५४ ॥
Born in a dog's womb, he lives for three years; there too he meets death, and is born in the womb of a worm.
13.173.55
कृमिभावमनुप्राप्तो वर्षमेकं तु जीवति ।
ततस्तु निधनं प्राप्तो ब्रह्मयोनौ प्रजायते ॥ १३.१७३.५५ ॥
Having attained the state of a worm, he lives for one year. Then, having met death, he is born in a brahmin womb.
13.173.56
यदि पुत्रसमं शिष्यं गुरुर्हन्यादकारणे ।
आत्मनः कामकारेण सोपि हिंस्रः प्रजायते ॥ १३.१७३.५६ ॥
If a teacher, without cause, strikes a disciple who is like a son, then by his own willful act he too is born as a violent creature.
13.173.57
पितरं मातरं चैव यस्तु पुत्रोऽवमन्यते ।
सोऽपि राजन्मृतो जन्तुः पूर्वं जायेत गर्दभः ॥ १३.१७३.५७ ॥
The son who disrespects both father and mother, O king, after dying, is first born as a donkey.
13.173.58
गर्दभत्वं तु सम्प्राप्य दशवर्षाणि जीवति ।
संवत्सरं तु कुम्भीरस्ततो जायेत मानवः ॥ १३.१७३.५८ ॥
Having attained the state of a donkey, he lives for ten years. For one year he is a crocodile, and then he is born as a human.
13.173.59
पुत्रस्य मातापितरौ यस्य रुष्टावुभावपि ।
गुर्वपध्यानतः सोपि मृतो जायति गर्दभः ॥ १३.१७३.५९ ॥
The son with whom both mother and father are angry, through disregard of his elders, after dying, is born as a donkey.
13.173.60
खरो जीवति मासांस्तु दश श्वा च चतुर्दशः ।
बिडालः सप्तमासांस्तु ततो जायेत मानवः ॥ १३.१७३.६० ॥
The donkey lives ten months, and the dog fourteen. The cat lives seven months, and then is born as a human.
13.173.61
मातापितरावाक्रुश्य शारिका सम्प्रजायते ।
ताडयित्वा तु तावेव जायते कच्छपो नृप ॥ १३.१७३.६१ ॥
Having reviled mother and father, one is reborn as a mynah bird; and having struck them, O king, one is reborn as a tortoise.
13.173.62
कच्छपो दशवर्षाणि त्रीणि वर्षाणि शल्यकः ।
व्यालो भूत्वा च षण्मासांस्ततो जायति मानुषः ॥ १३.१७३.६२ ॥
A tortoise for ten years, a porcupine for three years, and a snake for six months; then one is reborn as a human.
13.173.63
भर्तृपिण्डमुपाश्नन्यो राजद्विष्टानि सेवते ।
सोपि मोहसमापन्नो मृतो जायति वानरः ॥ १३.१७३.६३ ॥
He who eats his master's food yet serves what the king hates, overcome by delusion, is reborn as a monkey after death.
13.173.64
वानरो दशवर्षाणि पञ्चवर्षाणि सूकरः ।
श्वाऽथ भूत्वा तु षण्मासांस्ततो जायति मानुषः ॥ १३.१७३.६४ ॥
A monkey for ten years, a boar for five years, and a dog for six months; then one is reborn as a human.
13.173.65
न्यासापहर्ता तु नरो यमस्य विषयं गतः ।
यातनानां शतं गत्वा कृमियोनौ प्रजायते ॥ १३.१७३.६५ ॥
A man who steals a trust deposit goes to Yama's realm, endures a hundred torments, and is then born in the womb of a worm.
13.173.66
तत्र जीवति वर्षाणि दशपञ्च च भारत ।
दुष्कृतस्य क्षयं कृत्वा ततो जायति मानुषः ॥ १३.१७३.६६ ॥
There he lives for fifteen years, O Bhārata; having exhausted the fruit of his evil deeds, he is then born as a human.
13.173.67
असूयकः कुत्सितश्च चण्डालो दुःखमश्नुते ।
विश्वासहर्ता तु नरो मीनो जायति दुर्मतिः ॥ १३.१७३.६७ ॥
The envious and despised outcast suffers pain. But the man who destroys trust is born as a fish, of foolish mind.
13.173.68
भूत्वा मीनोऽष्टमासांस्तु मृगो जायति भारत ।
मृगस्तु चतुरो मासांस्ततश्छागः प्रजायते ॥ १३.१७३.६८ ॥
Having been a fish for eight months, O Bhārata, he is born as a deer. The deer, for four months, is then born as a goat.
13.173.69
छागस्तु निधनं प्राप्य पूर्णे संवत्सरे ततः ।
गौः स सञ्जायते जन्तुस्ततो जायति मानुषः ॥ १३.१७३.६९ ॥
When the goat meets death and the full year is completed, that creature is born as a cow. Then it is born as a human.
13.173.70
धान्यान्यवांस्तिलान्माषान्कुलत्थान्सर्षपांश्चणान् ।
कलायानथ मुद्गांश्च गोधूमानतसीस्तथा ॥ १३.१७३.७० ॥
Grains, barley, sesame, black gram, horse gram, mustard, chickpeas, peas, green gram, wheat, and flax.
13.173.71
यस्तु धान्यापहर्ता च मोहाज्जन्तुरचेतनः ।
स जायते महाराज मूषिको निरपत्रपः ॥ १३.१७३.७१ ॥
The creature who, out of delusion and without awareness, steals grain, O great king, is born as a shameless mouse.
13.173.72
ततः प्रेत्य महाराज मृतो जायति सूकरः ।
सूकरो जातमात्रस्तु रोगेणि म्रियते नृप ॥ १३.१७३.७२ ॥
Then, O great king, having died and passed into the realm of the dead, he is born as a boar. The boar, just born, dies of disease, O king.
13.173.73
श्वा ततो जायते मूढः कर्मणा तेन पार्थिव ।
भूत्वा श्वा पञ्चवर्षाणि ततो जायति मानवः ॥ १३.१७३.७३ ॥
Then the deluded one is born as a dog, O king, through that action. Having been a dog for five years, he is then born as a human.
13.173.74
परदाराभिमर्शं तु कृत्वा जायति वै वृकः ।
श्वा शृगालस्ततो गृध्रो व्यालः कङ्को बकस्तथा ॥ १३.१७३.७४ ॥
Having touched another man's wife, one is born a wolf. Then he is born a dog, a jackal, a vulture, a serpent, a heron, and a crane.
13.173.75
भ्रातुर्भार्यां तु पापात्मा यो धर्मयति मोहितः ।
पुंस्कोकिलत्वमाप्नोति सोऽपि संवत्सरं नृप ॥ १३.१७३.७५ ॥
The wicked-minded one who, deluded, violates his brother's wife, he too attains the state of a male cuckoo for a year, O king.
13.173.76
सखिभार्यां गुरोर्भार्यां राजभार्यां तथैव च ।
प्रधर्षयित्वा कामाद्यो मृतो जायति सूकरः ॥ १३.१७३.७६ ॥
One who, out of desire, has violated a friend's wife, a teacher's wife, or a king's wife, and then dies, is born a boar.
13.173.77
सूकरः पञ्चवर्षाणि दशवर्षाणि श्वाविधः ।
बिडालः पञ्चवर्षाणि दशवर्षाणि कुक्कुटः ॥ १३.१७३.७७ ॥
As a boar for five and ten years, as a dog-kind for ten years, as a cat for five and ten years, and as a cock he is born.
13.173.78
पिपीलिका तु मासांस्त्रीन्वानरो मासमेव तु ।
एतानासाद्य संसारान्कृमियोनौ प्रजायते ॥ १३.१७३.७८ ॥
As an ant for three months, and as a monkey for one month only; having reached these cycles of existence, he is born in the womb of worms.
13.173.79
तत्र जीवति मासांस्तु कृमियोनौ चतुर्दश ।
ततोऽधर्मक्षयं कृत्वा पुनर्जायति मानवः ॥ १३.१७३.७९ ॥
There he lives for fourteen months in the womb of a worm; then, having destroyed his unrighteousness, a human being is born again.
13.173.80
उपस्थिते विवाहे तु यज्ञे दानेऽपि वा विभो ।
मोहात्करोति यो विघ्नं स मृतो जायते कृमिः ॥ १३.१७३.८० ॥
O mighty one, when a marriage, a sacrifice, or a gift is at hand, whoever out of delusion creates an obstacle dies and is born as a worm.
13.173.81
कृमिर्जीवति वर्षाणि दश पञ्च च भारत ।
अधर्मिस्य क्षयं कृत्वा ततो जायति मानवः ॥ १३.१७३.८१ ॥
O Bhārata, the worm lives for fifteen years; then, having destroyed the unrighteous one's sin, a human being is born.
13.173.82
पूर्वं दत्त्वा तु यः कन्यां द्वितीये दातुमिच्छति ।
सोपि राजन्मृतो जन्तुः कृमियोनौ प्रजायते ॥ १३.१७३.८२ ॥
O king, one who has first given a maiden in marriage and then wishes to give her to another dies as a creature and is born in the womb of a worm.
13.173.83
तत्र जीवति वर्षाणि त्रयोदश युधिष्ठिर ।
अधर्मसंक्षये युक्तस्ततो जायति मानवः ॥ १३.१७३.८३ ॥
O Yudhiṣṭhira, there he lives for thirteen years; engaged in the destruction of unrighteousness, then a human being is born.
13.173.84
देवकार्यमकृत्वा तु पितृकार्यमथापि वा ।
अनिर्वाप्य समश्नन्वै मृतो जायति वायसः ॥ १३.१७३.८४ ॥
One who eats without performing the duty to the gods or the duty to the ancestors, and without offering the oblations, dies and is born as a crow.
13.173.85
वायसः शतवर्षाणि ततो जायति कुक्कुटः ।
जायते व्यालकश्चापि मासं तस्मात्तु मानुषः ॥ १३.१७३.८५ ॥
For a hundred years he is born a crow, then a cock; he is also born a serpent for a month; after that he becomes a human being.
13.173.86
ज्येष्ठं पितृसमं चापि भ्रातरं योऽवमन्यते ।
सोऽपि मृत्युमुपागम्य क्रौञ्चयोनौ प्रजायते ॥ १३.१७३.८६ ॥
He who despises his elder brother, who is equal to a father, also reaches death and is born in the womb of a heron.
13.173.87
क्रौञ्चो जीवति वर्षं तु ततो जायति चीरकः ।
ततो निधनमापन्नो मानुषत्वमुपाश्नुते ॥ १३.१७३.८७ ॥
The heron lives for a year; then it is born as a cīraka bird. Having then met death, it attains the state of a human being.
13.173.88
वृषलो ब्राह्मणीं गत्वा कृमियोनौ प्रजायते ।
ततः सम्प्राप्य निधनं जायते सूकरः पुनः ॥ १३.१७३.८८ ॥
A śūdra who goes to a brahmin woman is born in the womb of worms; then, having reached death, he is born again as a boar.
13.173.89
सूकरो जातमात्रस्तु रोगेण म्रियते नृप ।
श्वा ततो जायते मूढः कर्मणा तेन पार्थिव ॥ १३.१७३.८९ ॥
O king, a boar dies of disease as soon as it is born; then, O lord of the earth, by that very deed he is born a foolish dog.
13.173.90
श्वा भूत्वा कृतकर्माऽसौ जायते मानुषस्ततः ।
तत्रापत्यं समुत्पाद्य मृतो जायति मूषिकः ॥ १३.१७३.९० ॥
Having become a dog, and having performed his deeds, he is born as a human being; there, having produced offspring and died, he is born as a mouse.
13.173.91
कृतघ्नस्तु मृतो राजन्यमस्य विषयं गतः ।
यमस्य पुरुषैः क्रुद्धैर्वधं प्राप्नोति दारणम् ॥ १३.१७३.९१ ॥
O king, the ungrateful man, having died and gone to the realm of Yama, receives a rending blow from Yama's angry attendants.
13.173.92
दण्डं समुद्गरं शूलमग्निकुम्भं च दारुणम् ।
असिपत्रवनं घोरवालुकं कूटशाल्मलीम् ॥ १३.१७३.९२ ॥
The staff, the club, the spear, the terrible pot of fire, the forest of sword-leaves, the dreadful sandy ground, and the deceptive silk-cotton tree.
13.173.93
एताश्चान्याश्च बह्वीश्च यमस्य विषयं गतः ।
यातनाः प्राप्य तत्रोग्रास्ततो वध्यति भारत ॥ १३.१७३.९३ ॥
Having gone to Yama's realm and received these and many other torments, O Bhārata, he is then slain there by fierce torments.
13.173.94
ततो हतः कृतघ्नः स तत्रोग्रैर्भरतर्षभ ।
संसारचक्रमासाद्य कृमियोनौ प्रजायते ॥ १३.१७३.९४ ॥
Then, O bull of the Bharatas, that ungrateful man, struck down there by the fierce torments, reaches the wheel of rebirth and is born in the womb of a worm.
13.173.95
कृमिर्भवति वर्षाणि दशपञ्च च भारत ।
ततो गर्भं समासाद्य तत्रैव म्रियते शिशुः ॥ १३.१७३.९५ ॥
O Bhārata, he remains a worm for fifteen years; then, having entered a womb, he dies there as an infant.
13.173.96
ततो गर्भशतैर्जन्तुर्बहुभि सम्प्रपद्यते ।
संसारांश्च बहून्गत्वा ततस्मिर्यक्षु जायते ॥ १३.१७३.९६ ॥
Then that creature passes through hundreds of wombs and many cycles of rebirth, and afterward is born among the yakṣas.
13.173.97
ततो दुःखमनुप्राप्य बहुवर्षगणानिह ।
स पुनर्भवसंयुक्तस्ततः कूर्मः प्रजायते ॥ १३.१७३.९७ ॥
Then, having endured suffering for many groups of years here, he is joined again to existence and is then born as a tortoise.
13.173.98
दधि हृत्वा बकश्चापि प्लवो मत्स्यानसंस्कृतान् ।
चोरयित्वा तु दुर्बुद्धिर्मधुदंशः प्रजायते ॥ १३.१७३.९८ ॥
Having stolen curd, the crane, and the diving bird having stolen unripe fish, the evil-minded one is born as a honey-biting insect.
13.173.99
फलं वा मूलकं हृत्वा अपूपं वा पिपीलिकाः ।
चोरयित्वा च निष्पावं जायते हलगोलकः ॥ १३.१७३.९९ ॥
Having stolen fruit or radish, or having stolen a cake, he becomes ants; and having stolen beans, he is born as a halagolaka (a kind of insect).
13.173.100
पायसं चोरयित्वा तु तित्तिरित्वमवाप्नुते ।
हृत्वा पिष्टमयं पूपं कुम्भोलूकः प्रजायते ॥ १३.१७३.१०० ॥
Having stolen milk-rice pudding, he attains the state of a partridge; having stolen a cake made of flour, he is born as a kumbholūka (a kind of owl).
13.173.101
अयो हृत्वा तु दुर्बुद्धिर्वायसो जायते नरः ।
कांस्यं हृत्वा तु दुर्बद्धिर्हारितो जायते नरः ॥ १३.१७३.१०१ ॥
Having stolen iron, the evil-minded man is born as a crow; having stolen bronze, the evil-minded man is born as a hārīta (a green parrot).
13.173.102
राजतं भाजनं हृत्वा कपोतः सम्प्रजायते ।
हृत्वा तु काञ्चनं भाण्डं कृमियोनौ प्रजायते ॥ १३.१७३.१०२ ॥
Having stolen a silver vessel, a man is born as a pigeon; having stolen a golden vessel, he is born in the womb of a worm.
13.173.103
पत्रोर्णं चोरयित्वा तु कृकलत्वं निगच्छति ।
कौशिकं तु ततो हृत्वा नरो जायति वर्तकः ॥ १३.१७३.१०३ ॥
Having stolen leaf-wool, he goes to the state of a kṛkala bird; having then taken silk cloth, a man is born as a vartaka quail.
13.173.104
अंशुकं चोरयित्वा तु शुक्रो जायति मानवः ।
चोरयित्वा दुकूलं तु मृतो हंसः प्रजायते ॥ १३.१७३.१०४ ॥
Having stolen fine cloth, a man is born as a parrot; having stolen dukūla linen and then died, he is born as a swan.
13.173.105
क्रौञ्चः कार्पासिकं हृत्वा मृतो जायति मानवः ।
चोरयित्वा नरः पट्टं त्वाविकं चैव भारत। ॥ १३.१७३.१०५ ॥
A man who dies after stealing cotton cloth is born as a krauñca crane; and, O Bhārata, a man steals silk (paṭṭa) cloth and woolen (āvika) cloth.
13.173.106
वर्णान्हृत्वा तु पुरुषो मृतो जायति बर्हिणः ।
हृत्वा रक्तानि वस्त्राणि जायते जीवजीवकः ॥ १३.१७३.१०६ ॥
Having stolen dyes, a man who then dies is born as a peacock; having stolen red garments, one is born as a jīvajīvaka bird.
13.173.107
वर्णकादींस्तथा गन्धांश्चोरयित्वेह मानवः ।
छुन्दुन्दरित्वमाप्नोति राजँल्लोभपरायणः ॥ १३.१७३.१०७ ॥
Here, a man who steals dyes, perfumes and the like, intent on greed, attains the state of a chundundara, O king.
13.173.108
तत्र जीवति वर्षाणि ततो दश च पञ्च च ।
अधर्मस्य क्षयं गत्वा ततो जायति मानुषः ॥ १३.१७३.१०८ ॥
There he lives for fifteen years; then, having gone to the destruction of unrighteousness, he is born again as a human.
13.173.109
चोरयित्वा पयश्चापि बलाका सम्प्रजायते ॥ १३.१७३.१०९ ॥
He who steals milk is reborn as a crane.
13.173.110
यस्तु चोरयते तैलं नरो मोहसमन्वितः ।
सोपि राजन्मृतो जन्तुस्तैलपायी प्रजायते ॥ १३.१७३.११० ॥
The man who, deluded, steals oil is reborn, O king, as a creature that drinks oil after death.
13.173.111
अशस्त्रं पुरुषं हत्वा सशस्त्रः पुरुषाधमः ।
अर्थार्थी यदि वा वैरी स मृतो जायते स्वरः ॥ १३.१७३.१११ ॥
The lowest of men who, armed, kills an unarmed man, whether seeking wealth or out of enmity, is reborn after death as a sound-making creature, a svara.
13.173.112
खरो जीवति वर्षे द्वे ततः शस्त्रेण वध्यते ।
स मृतो मृगयोनौ तु नित्योद्विग्नोऽभिजायते ॥ १३.१७३.११२ ॥
The donkey lives two years, then is killed by a weapon. Dead, it is born in the womb of a deer, always agitated.
13.173.113
मृगो वध्यति शस्त्रेण गते संवत्सरे तु सः ।
हतो मृगस्ततो मीनः सोपि जालेन बध्यते ॥ १३.१७३.११३ ॥
After a year has passed, the deer is killed by a weapon; as the slain deer it then becomes a fish, and that fish too is caught in a net.
13.173.114
मासे चतुर्थे सम्प्राप्ते श्वापदः सम्प्रजायते ।
श्वापदो दशवर्षाणि द्वीपी वर्षाणि पञ्च च ॥ १३.१७३.११४ ॥
When the fourth month arrives, he is born as a beast of prey; the beast of prey lives ten years, and the leopard five years.
13.173.115
ततस्तु निधनं प्राप्तः कालपर्यायचोदितः ।
अधर्मस्य क्षयं कृत्वा ततो जायति मानुषः ॥ १३.१७३.११५ ॥
Then, having met death, impelled by the cycle of time, and having brought about the destruction of unrighteousness, he is born again as a human being.
13.173.116
स्त्रियं हत्वा तु दुर्बुद्धिर्यमस्य विषयं गतः ।
बहून्क्लेशान्समासाद्य नरकानेकविंशतिम् ॥ १३.१७३.११६ ॥
Having slain a woman, that evil-minded man goes to the realm of Yama; after enduring many torments, he reaches twenty-one hells.
13.173.117
ततः पश्चान्महाराज कृमियोनौ प्रजायते ।
कृमिर्विंशतिवर्षाणि भूत्वा जायति मानुषः ॥ १३.१७३.११७ ॥
Then afterward, O great king, he is born in the womb of a worm; having been a worm for twenty years, he is born again as a human being.
13.173.118
भोजनं चोरयित्वा तु मक्षिका जायते नरः ।
मक्षिकासङ्घवशगो बहून्मासान्भवत्युत ॥ १३.१७३.११८ ॥
Having stolen food, a man is born as a fly; under the power of a swarm of flies, he remains for many months.
13.173.119
ततः पापक्षयं कृत्वा मानुषत्वमवाप्नुते ।
भक्ष्यं हृत्वा तु पुरुषो जालपाशः प्रजायते ॥ १३.१७३.११९ ॥
Then, having brought about the destruction of sin, he obtains human birth; but a man who has stolen food is born as a net-snare.
13.173.120
स्वाद्यं हृत्वा तु पुरुषश्चीरपाशः प्रजायते ।
धान्यं हृत्वा तु पुरुषो लोमशः सम्प्रजायते ॥ १३.१७३.१२० ॥
A man who has stolen savory food is born as a garment-snare; a man who has stolen grain is born as a hairy creature.
13.173.121
तथा पिण्याकसम्मिश्रमशनं चोरयेन्नरः ।
स जायते भृतिधनो दारुणो मूषिको नरः ॥ १३.१७३.१२१ ॥
Likewise, a man who steals food mixed with oil-cake is born a cruel mouse, whose wealth is only wages.
13.173.122
दशन्वै मानुषान्नित्यं पापात्मा स विशाम्पते ।
घृतं हृत्वा तु दुर्बुद्धिः काकमद्गुः प्रजायते ॥ १३.१७३.१२२ ॥
O lord of the people, the sinful one who constantly bites men, the evil-minded one who steals ghee, is born a crow-mudgu.
13.173.123
मत्स्यमांसमथो हृत्वा काको जायति। दुर्मतिः ।
लवणं चोरयित्वा तु चिरिकाकः प्रजायते ॥ १३.१७३.१२३ ॥
One who steals fish-flesh, the ill-minded, is born a crow; one who steals salt is born a cirika-crow.
13.173.124
विश्वासेन तु निक्षिप्तं यो विनिह्नोति मानवः ।
स गतायुर्नरस्तात मत्स्ययोनौ प्रजायते ॥ १३.१७३.१२४ ॥
The man who denies a thing deposited in trust, dear one, is short-lived and is born in a fish's womb.
13.173.125
मत्स्ययोनिमनुप्राप्य मृतो जायति मानुषः ।
मानुषत्वमनुप्राप्य क्षीणायुरुपपद्यते ॥ १३.१७३.१२५ ॥
Having reached the fish-womb and died, a man is born again; having obtained human life, he is born with a diminished lifespan.
13.173.126
पापानि तु नराः कृत्वा तिर्यग्जायन्ति भारत ।
न चात्मनः प्रयाणान्ते धर्मं जानन्ति कञ्चन ॥ १३.१७३.१२६ ॥
O Bhārata, men who commit sins are born as animals, and at the end of their departure they never know dharma at all.
13.173.127
ये पापानि नराः कृत्वा निरस्यन्ति व्रतैः सदा ।
सुखदुःखसमायुक्ता व्यथितास्ते भवन्त्युत ॥ १३.१७३.१२७ ॥
Men who, having committed evil deeds, always cast them off through vows—these, joined with pleasure and pain, indeed become afflicted.
13.173.128
अपुमांसः प्रजायन्ते म्लेच्छाश्चापि न संशयः ।
नराः पापसमाचारा लोभमोहसमन्विताः ॥ १३.१७३.१२८ ॥
Without manhood they are born, and barbarians too—there is no doubt; men of evil conduct, endowed with greed and delusion, likewise.
13.173.129
वर्जयन्ति च पापानि जन्मप्रभृति ये नराः ।
अरोगा रूपवन्तस्ते धनिनश्च भवन्त्युत ॥ १३.१७३.१२९ ॥
Men who from birth onward avoid evil deeds—they become free from disease, beautiful, and indeed wealthy.
13.173.130
स्त्रियोऽप्येतेन कल्पेन कृत्वा पापमवाप्नुयुः ।
एतेषामेव जन्तूनां भार्यात्वमुपयान्ति ताः ॥ १३.१७३.१३० ॥
Women too, by this same manner, having committed sin, obtain it; they come to the condition of wives of these very beings.
13.173.131
परस्वहरणे दोषाः सर्व एव प्रकीर्तिताः ।
एतद्धि लेशमात्रेण कथितं ते मयाऽनघ ॥ १३.१७३.१३१ ॥
All the faults in taking another's property have indeed been declared; this has been told to you by me in but a fraction, O sinless one.
13.173.132
अपरस्मिन्कथायोगे भूयः श्रोष्यसि भारत ।
एतन्मया महाराज ब्रह्मणो गदतः पुरा ॥ १३.१७३.१३२ ॥
O Bhārata, in another connection of the story you will hear again. O great king, this I have told you as Brahmā formerly spoke it.
13.173.133
सुरर्षीणां श्रुतं मध्ये पृष्टश्चापि यथातथम् ।
मयाऽपि तच्च कार्त्स्न्येन यथावदनुवर्णितम्।
एतच्छ्रुत्वा महाराज धर्मे कुरु मनः सदा ॥ १३.१७३.१३३ ॥
What was heard among the divine sages, and what was asked in exactly the same way, I too have recounted completely and correctly. Great king, having heard this, always set your mind upon dharma.