Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.174
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13.174.1
अधर्मस्य गतिर्ब्रह्मन्कथिता मे त्वयाऽनघ ।
धर्मस्य तु गतिं श्रोतुमिच्छामि वदतांवर ॥ १३.१७४.१ ॥
O Brahman, O sinless one, you have told me the course of unrighteousness. Now I wish to hear the course of righteousness, O best of speakers.
13.174.2
कृत्वा कर्माणि पापानि कथं यान्ति शुभां गतिम् ।
कर्मणा च कृतेनेह केन यान्ति शुभां गतिम् ॥ १३.१७४.२ ॥
Having done sinful deeds, how do people attain a good destiny? And by what deed done here do they go to a good destiny?
13.174.3
कृत्वा पापानि कर्माणि अधर्मवशमागतः ।
मनसा विपरीतेन निरयं प्रतिपद्यते ॥ १३.१७४.३ ॥
Having done sinful deeds and fallen under the power of unrighteousness, a man with a perverted mind goes to hell.
13.174.4
मोहादधर्मं यः कृत्वा पुनः समनुतप्यते ।
मनःसमाधिसंयुक्तो न स सेवेत दुष्कृतम् ॥ १३.१७४.४ ॥
He who, out of delusion, has committed unrighteousness and then deeply repents, united with a composed mind, should not again practise the evil deed.
13.174.5
यथायथा मनस्तस्य दुष्कृतं कर्म गर्हते ।
तथातथा शरीरं तु तेनाधर्मेण मुच्यते ॥ १३.१७४.५ ॥
In proportion as his mind condemns the evil deed, so far is his body freed from that unrighteousness.
13.174.6
यदि व्याहरते राजन्विप्राणां धर्मवादिनाम् ।
ततोऽधर्मकृतात्क्षिप्रमपवादात्प्रमुच्यते ॥ १३.१७४.६ ॥
O king, if he confesses his fault before the Brahmins who speak of dharma, then he is quickly released from the censure arising from his unrighteous act.
13.174.7
यथायथा नरः सम्यगध्रममनुभाषते ।
समाहितेन मनसा विमुच्येत तथातथा।
भुजङ्ग इव निर्मोकात्पूर्वभुक्ताज्जरान्वितात् ॥ १३.१७४.७ ॥
As a man rightly confesses his unrighteousness, so far is he freed with a collected mind, as a snake is freed from its old, aged slough.
13.174.8
दत्त्वा विप्रस्य दानानि विविधानि समाहितः ।
मनःसमाधिसंयुक्तः सुगतिं प्रतिपद्यते ॥ १३.१७४.८ ॥
Having given various gifts to a brahmin, collected and joined with concentration of mind, a man attains a good destiny.
13.174.9
प्रदानानि तु वक्ष्यामि यानि दत्त्वा युधिष्ठिर ।
नरः कृत्वाऽप्यकार्याणि ततो धर्मेण युज्यते ॥ १३.१७४.९ ॥
Yudhiṣṭhira, I will now declare those gifts which, having given them, a man, even after doing improper deeds, is then joined to dharma.
13.174.10
सर्वेषामेव दानानामन्नं श्रेष्ठमुदाहृतम् ।
पूर्वमन्नं प्रदातव्यमृजुना धर्ममिच्छता ॥ १३.१७४.१० ॥
Among all gifts, food is declared the best; the upright man who desires dharma should give food first.
13.174.11
प्राणा ह्यन्नं मनुष्याणां तस्माज्जन्तुश्च जायते ।
अन्ने प्रतिष्ठितो लोकस्तस्मादन्नं प्रशस्यते ॥ १३.१७४.११ ॥
Food is indeed the life-breath of men; therefore a creature is born. The world is established in food; therefore food is praised.
13.174.12
अन्नमेव प्रशंसन्ति देवर्षिपितृमानवाः ।
अन्नस्य हि प्रदानेन स्वर्गमाप्नोति मानवः ॥ १३.१७४.१२ ॥
Gods, sages, ancestors and men all praise food; by giving food a man attains heaven.
13.174.13
न्यायलब्धं प्रदातव्यं द्विजातिभ्योऽन्नमुत्तमम् ।
स्वाध्यायसमुपेतेभ्यः प्रहृष्टेनान्तरात्मना ॥ १३.१७४.१३ ॥
Excellent food, obtained by just means, should be given to the twice-born who are devoted to Vedic study, with a joyful inner self.
13.174.14
यस्य ह्यन्नमुपाश्नन्ति ब्राह्मणानां शतं दश ।
हृष्टेन मनसा दत्तं न स तिर्यग्गतिर्भवेत् ॥ १३.१७४.१४ ॥
He whose food is eaten by a hundred and ten brahmins, if given with a gladdened mind, does not go to animal birth.
13.174.15
ब्राह्मणानां सहस्राणि दश भोज्य नरर्षभ ।
नरोऽधर्मात्प्रमुच्येत योगेष्वभिरतः सदा ॥ १३.१७४.१५ ॥
O best of men, ten thousand brahmins should be fed; the man who always delights in yoga is freed from unrighteousness.
13.174.16
भैक्ष्येणान्नं समाहृत्य दद्यादन्नं द्विजेषु वै ।
सुवर्णदानात्पापानि नश्यन्ति सुबहून्यपि ॥ १३.१७४.१६ ॥
Having gathered food by alms, one should give food to the twice-born; by the gift of gold, even many sins are destroyed.
13.174.17
दत्त्वा वृत्तिकरीं भूमिं पातकेनापि मुच्यते ।
पारायणैश्च वेदानां मुच्यते पातकैर्द्विजः ॥ १३.१७४.१७ ॥
By giving land that yields livelihood, a man is freed even from sin; by the recitation of the Vedas, a twice-born man is freed from sins.
13.174.18
गायत्र्याश्चैव लक्षेण गोसहस्रस्य तर्पणात् ।
वेदार्थं ज्ञापयित्वा तु शुद्धान्विप्रान्यथार्थतः ॥ १३.१७४.१८ ॥
By a hundred thousand recitations of the Gāyatrī, by the libation to a thousand cows, and by making the true meaning of the Veda known to pure brahmins...
13.174.19
सर्वत्यागादिभिश्चैव मुच्यते पातकैर्द्विजः ।
सर्वातिथ्यं परं ह्येषां तस्माद्दानं परं स्मृतम् ॥ १३.१७४.१९ ॥
By renouncing everything and such means, the twice-born is freed from sins. Hospitality toward them is supreme, therefore giving is declared to be the highest.
13.174.20
अहिंसन्ब्राह्मणस्वानि न्यायेन परिपाल्य च ।
क्षत्रियस्तरसा प्राप्तमन्नं यो वै प्रयच्छति ॥ १३.१७४.२० ॥
Without harming the property of brahmins, having protected it rightfully, the kshatriya who gives away the food obtained by force—
13.174.21
द्विजेभ्यो वेदवृद्धेभ्यः प्रयतः सुसमाहितः ।
तेनापोहति धर्मात्मन्दुष्कृतं कर्म पाण्डव ॥ १३.१७४.२१ ॥
By giving to the twice-born, learned in the Veda, with self-control and full composure, O righteous Pāṇḍava, one removes that evil deed.
13.174.22
षड्भागपरिशुद्धं च कृषेर्भागमुपार्जितम् ।
वैश्योऽददद्द्विजातिभ्यः पापेभ्यः परिमुच्यते ॥ १३.१७४.२२ ॥
A vaishya who gives to the twice-born a share, earned from agriculture and purified by a sixth part, is freed from sins.
13.174.23
अवाप्य प्राणसंदेहं कार्कश्येन समार्जितम् ।
अन्नं दत्त्वा द्विजातिभ्यः शूद्रः पापात्प्रमुच्यते ॥ १३.१७४.२३ ॥
A shudra who, facing risk to life, gives to the twice-born food well earned through hard labor is fully freed from sin.
13.174.24
औरसेन बलेनान्नमर्जयित्वाऽविहिंसकः ।
यः प्रयच्छति विप्रेभ्यो न स दुर्गाणि पश्यति ॥ १३.१७४.२४ ॥
He who, having earned food by his own strength and remaining non-violent, gives it to brahmins does not see calamities.
13.174.25
न्यायेनैवाप्तमन्नं तु नरो हर्षसमन्वितः ।
द्विजेभ्यो वेदवृद्धेभ्यो दत्त्वा पापात्प्रमुच्यते ॥ १३.१७४.२५ ॥
A man who, joyful, gives food gained by right means to twice-born elders learned in the Vedas is freed from sin.
13.174.26
अन्नमूर्जस्करं लोके दत्त्वोर्जस्वी भवेन्नरः ।
सतां पन्थानमावृत्य सर्वपापैः प्रमुच्यते ॥ १३.१७४.२६ ॥
Giving food that gives strength in the world, a man becomes vigorous; having followed the path of the good, he is released from all sins.
13.174.27
शूद्रान्नं नैव भोक्तव्यं विप्रैर्धर्मपरायणैः ।
आपद्येव स्वदासानां भोक्तव्यं स्वयमुद्यतैः ॥ १३.१७४.२७ ॥
Brahmins devoted to dharma should never eat a śūdra's food; only in distress may they eat the food of their own servants, when they are resolved to do so themselves.
13.174.28
दानवद्भिः कृतः पन्था येन यान्ति मनीषिणः ।
ते हि प्राणस्य दातारस्तेभ्यो धर्मः सनातनः ॥ १३.१७४.२८ ॥
The path made by the generous, by which the wise go — they are the givers of life; for them is eternal dharma.
13.174.29
सर्वावस्थं मनुष्येण न्यायेनान्नमुपार्जितम् ।
कार्यं पात्रागतं नित्यमन्नं हि परमा गतिः ॥ १३.१७४.२९ ॥
In every circumstance a man should always give food obtained by right means to a worthy guest who comes, for food is the supreme refuge.
13.174.30
अन्नस्य हि प्रदानेन नरो रौद्रं न सेवते ।
तस्मादन्नं प्रदातव्यमन्यायपरिवर्जितम् ॥ १३.१७४.३० ॥
By giving food a man does not practise cruelty; therefore food free from unrighteousness alone should be given.
13.174.31
यतेद्ब्राह्मणपूर्वं हि भोक्तुमन्नं गृही सदा ।
अवन्ध्यं दिवसं कुर्यादन्नपानीयदानतः ॥ १३.१७४.३१ ॥
The householder should always strive to feed the brahmins first, and make each day fruitful through the gift of food and drink.
13.174.32
भोजयित्वा दशशतं नरो वेदविदां नृप ।
न्यायविद्धर्मविदुषामितिहासविदां तथा ॥ १३.१७४.३२ ॥
O king, having fed a thousand men who know the Vedas, who know justice, the learned in dharma, and likewise the knowers of the itihāsas…
13.174.33
न याति नरकं घोरं संसारांश्च न सेवते ।
सर्वकामसमायुक्तः प्रेत्य चाप्यश्नुते सुखम् ॥ १३.१७४.३३ ॥
He does not go to terrible hell, nor does he undergo the cycles of worldly existence; endowed with all desires fulfilled, he also enjoys happiness after death.
13.174.34
एवं सुखसमायुक्तो रमते विगतज्वरः ।
रूपवान्कीर्तिमांश्चैव धनवांश्चोपपद्यते ॥ १३.१७४.३४ ॥
Thus endowed with happiness, free from distress, he delights; and he is reborn handsome, famous, and also wealthy.
13.174.35
एतत्ते सर्वमाख्यातमन्नदानफलं महूत् ।
मूलमेतत्तु धर्माणां प्रदानानां च भारत ॥ १३.१७४.३५ ॥
O Bhārata, all this has been declared to you: the great fruit of the gift of food. This is indeed the root of dharmas and of all gifts.