Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.182
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13.182.1
विद्या तपश्च दानं च किमेतेषां विशिष्यते ।
पृच्छामि त्वां सतां श्रेष्ठ तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥ १३.१८२.१ ॥
Knowledge, asceticism, and giving — which of these is superior? Best of the good, I ask you; tell me that, grandfather.
13.182.2
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
मैत्रेयस्य च संवादं कृष्णद्वैपायनस्य च ॥ १३.१८२.२ ॥
On this matter they also recite this ancient story: the dialogue of Maitreya and Kṛṣṇa Dvaipāyana.
13.182.3
कृष्णद्वैपायनो राजन्नज्ञातचरितं चरन् ।
वाराणस्यामुपातिष्ठन्मैत्रेयं स्वैरिणीकुले ॥ १३.१८२.३ ॥
O king, Kṛṣṇa Dvaipāyana, wandering with his conduct unknown, came to Maitreya in Vārāṇasī, in the house of a free-roaming woman.
13.182.4
तमुपच्छन्नमासीनं ज्ञात्वा स मुनिसत्तमः ।
अर्चित्वा भोजयामास मैत्रेयोऽशनमुत्तमम् ॥ १३.१८२.४ ॥
Recognizing him seated there in concealment, Maitreya, best of sages, honored him and fed him an excellent meal.
13.182.5
तदन्नमुत्तमं भुक्त्वा गुणवत्सार्वकामिकम् ।
उत्तिष्ठमानोऽस्मयत प्रीतः कृष्णो महामनाः ॥ १३.१८२.५ ॥
Having eaten that excellent, fine food which fulfills every desire, Kṛṣṇa, great-minded and pleased, smiled as he rose.
13.182.6
तमुत्स्मयन्तं सम्प्रेक्ष्य मैत्रेयः कृष्णमब्रवीत् ।
कारणं ब्रूहि धर्मात्मन्व्यस्मयिष्ठाः कुतश्च ते।
तपस्विनो धृतिमतः प्रमोदः समुपागतः ॥ १३.१८२.६ ॥
Seeing him smile, Maitreya said to Kṛṣṇa: "O righteous one, tell the reason. Why are you astonished? From where has this joy come to this steadfast ascetic?"
13.182.7
एतदिच्छामि ते विद्वन्नभिवाद्य प्रणम्य च ।
आत्मनश्च तपोभाग्यं सुखभाग्यं ममेह च ॥ १३.१८२.७ ॥
O learned one, bowing to you and greeting you, I wish this: that here I may have a share of austerity and a share of happiness.
13.182.8
तपोभाग्यान्महाभाग सुखभाग्यात्तथैव च ।
पृथगाचरितं तात पृथगाचरितात्मनः।
अल्पान्तरमहं मन्ये विशिष्टमपि चान्वयात् ॥ १३.१८२.८ ॥
O greatly fortunate one, I consider the difference between one who practices austerity apart and one who practices happiness apart to be small, though by lineage it may be somewhat distinguished, dear child.
13.182.9
अतिच्छेदातिवादाभ्यां स्मयोऽयं समुपागतः ।
असत्यं वेदवचनं कस्माद्वेदोऽनृतं वदेत् ॥ १३.१८२.९ ॥
From excessive cutting-off and excessive speech this pride has arisen. The word of the Veda cannot be false; why would the Veda speak falsehood?
13.182.10
त्रीण्येव तु पदान्याहुः पुरुषस्योत्तमं प्रति ।
न द्रुह्येच्चैव दद्याच्च सत्यं चैव परान्वदेत् ॥ १३.१८२.१० ॥
They say there are only three steps for the best of men: one should not harm, one should give, and one should speak the truth even to others.
13.182.11
इति वेदोक्तमृषिभिः पुरस्तात्परिकल्पितम् ।
इदानीं चैव नः कृत्यं पुरस्ताच्च परिश्रुतम् ॥ १३.१८२.११ ॥
This is what was prescribed beforehand by the seers as stated in the Veda; now too this is our duty, as was heard before.
13.182.12
अल्पोऽपि तादृशो न्यासो भवत्युत महाफलः ।
तृषिताय च यद्दत्तं हृदयेनानसूयता ॥ १३.१८२.१२ ॥
Even a small deposit of such a kind brings great fruit; and what is given to one who is thirsty, given with a sincere heart and without envy, also brings great fruit.
13.182.13
तोषितास्त्रिदशा यत्ते दत्त्वैतद्दर्शनं मम ।
अजैषीर्महतो लोकान्महायज्ञैरिव प्रभो ॥ १३.१८२.१३ ॥
O lord, having given me this vision, you pleased the gods and conquered great worlds, as if by great sacrifices.
13.182.14
ततो दानपवित्रेण प्रीतोऽस्मि तपसैव च ।
दूरात्पुण्यवतो गन्धः पुण्यस्यैव च दर्शनात् ॥ १३.१८२.१४ ॥
Then I am pleased by the purity of giving and by austerity alone. The fragrance of the meritorious one comes from afar, and so does the sight of merit.
13.182.15
पुण्यश्च वातिगन्धस्ते मन्ये कर्म विधानजम् ।
अथ कर्मार्जितस्तात यथाचैवानुलेपनात् ॥ १३.१८२.१५ ॥
Your fragrance is pure and strong. I think it is born of action performed according to rule. Dear child, just as scent comes from anointing, so this is gained through action.
13.182.16
शुभं सर्वपवित्रेब्यो दानमेव परं द्विज ।
नोचेत्सर्वपवित्रेभ्यो दानमेव परं भवेत् ॥ १३.१८२.१६ ॥
O twice-born, among all purifiers the gift alone is the highest and auspicious. If it were not so, the gift would not be supreme above all purifications.
13.182.17
यानीमान्युत्तमानीह वेदोक्तानि प्रशंसति ।
तेषां श्रेष्ठतरं दानमिति मे नात्र संशयः ॥ १३.१८२.१७ ॥
Among those excellent deeds declared in the Vedas and praised here, the gift is the most excellent—of this I have no doubt.
13.182.18
दानवद्भिः कृतः पन्था येन यान्ति मनीषिणः ।
ते हि प्राणस्य दातारस्तेषु धर्मः प्रतिष्ठितः ॥ १३.१८२.१८ ॥
The path made by givers is the one by which the wise go. They are the givers of life, and dharma is established in them.
13.182.19
यथा वेदाः स्वधीताश्च यथा चेन्द्रियसंयमः ।
सर्वत्यागो यता चेह तता दानमनुत्तमम् ॥ १३.१८२.१९ ॥
As well-studied Vedas, restraint of the senses, and renunciation of all are praised here, so giving is the highest.
13.182.20
त्वं हि तात सुखादेव शुभमेष्यसि शोभनम् ।
सुखात्सुखतरप्राप्तिमाप्नुते मतिमान्नरः ॥ १३.१८२.२० ॥
Dear child, from happiness alone you will attain what is good and fair; a wise man attains greater happiness from happiness.
13.182.21
तन्नः प्रत्यक्षमेवेदमुपलक्ष्यमसंशयम् ।
श्रीमन्तः प्राप्नुवन्त्यर्थान्दानं यज्ञं तथा सुखम् ॥ १३.१८२.२१ ॥
This is evident to us, beyond doubt: the prosperous obtain wealth through giving, sacrifice, and likewise happiness.
13.182.22
सुखादेव परं दुःखं दुःखादन्यत्परं सुखम् ।
दृश्यते हि महाप्राज्ञ नियतं वै स्वभावतः ॥ १३.१८२.२२ ॥
Greater suffering arises from happiness, and another, greater happiness from suffering; O greatly wise one, this is indeed seen, certainly, by nature.
13.182.23
विविधानीह वृत्तानि नरस्याहुर्मनीषिणः ।
पुण्यमन्यत्पापमन्यन्न पुण्यं न च पापकम् ॥ १३.१८२.२३ ॥
The wise say that a man's conduct here is of many kinds: one thing is merit, another is sin; a thing is neither merit nor sin.
13.182.24
न वृत्तं मन्यतेऽन्यस्य मन्यतेऽन्यस्य पातकम् ।
यथा स्वकर्मनिर्वृत्तं न पुण्यं न च पापकम् ॥ १३.१८२.२४ ॥
One man's conduct is not reckoned as another's sin; conduct performed through one's own action is neither merit nor sin.
13.182.25
यज्ञदानतपःशीला नरा वै पुण्यकर्मिणः ।
येऽभिद्रुह्यन्ति भूतानि ते वै पापकृतो जनाः ॥ १३.१८२.२५ ॥
Men whose nature is sacrifice, giving and austerity are indeed doers of meritorious deeds; those who harm beings are indeed the people who commit sin.
13.182.26
द्रव्याण्याददते चैव दुःखं यान्ति पतन्ति च ।
ततोऽन्यत्कर्म यत्किंचिन्न पुण्यं न च पातकम् ॥ १३.१८२.२६ ॥
Those who take the wealth of others meet with sorrow and fall; any other action apart from this is neither merit nor sin.
13.182.27
नित्यं चाकृपणो भुङ्क्ते स्वजनैर्देहि याचतः ।
भाग्यक्षयेण क्षीयन्ते नोपभोगेन सञ्चयाः ॥ १३.१८२.२७ ॥
The ungrudging man always enjoys with his own people and gives to supplicants; accumulations diminish through the exhaustion of fortune, not through enjoyment.
13.182.28
रमस्वैधस्व मोदस्व देहि दाने रमस्व च ।
न त्वामतिभविष्यन्ति वैद्या न च तपस्विनः ॥ १३.१८२.२८ ॥
Rejoice, prosper, be glad, give, and delight in giving; physicians and ascetics will not surpass you.