Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.183
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13.183.1
एवमुक्तः प्रत्युवाच मैत्रेयः कर्मपूर्वकः ।
अत्यन्तं श्रीमति कुले जातः प्राज्ञो बहुश्रुतः ॥ १३.१८३.१ ॥
Thus addressed, Maitreya, who acts first with rites, replied; born into a most prosperous family, wise and deeply learned.
13.183.2
असंशयं महाप्राज्ञ यथैवात्थ तथैव तत् ।
अनुज्ञातश्च भवता किञ्चिद्ब्रूयामहं विभो ॥ १३.१८३.२ ॥
Without doubt, O greatly wise one, it is just as you have said. Having your permission, I shall speak something, O lord.
13.183.3
यद्यदिच्छसि मैत्रेय यावद्यावद्यथायथा ।
ब्रूहि तत्वं महाप्राज्ञ शुश्रुषे वचनं तव ॥ १३.१८३.३ ॥
Whatever you wish, O Maitreya, as much as and in whatever way you choose, speak that truth, O greatly wise one; I wish to hear your words.
13.183.4
निर्दोषं निर्मलं चैव वचनं सत्यसंहितम् ।
विद्यातपोभ्यां हि भवान्भावितात्मा न संशयः ॥ १३.१८३.४ ॥
Your speech is faultless, pure, and bound to truth. Through learning and austerity you are a self-cultivated one; there is no doubt.
13.183.5
भवतो भावितात्मत्वाल्लाभोऽयं सुमहान्मम ।
भूयो बुद्ध्याऽनुपश्यामि सुसमृद्धतपा इव ॥ १३.१८३.५ ॥
Because you are a self-cultivated one, this is a very great gain for me; with my intellect I again perceive you as one of richly accumulated austerity.
13.183.6
अपि मे दर्शनादेव भवतोऽभ्युदयो महान् ।
मन्ये भवत्प्रसादोऽयं बुद्धिकर्मस्वभावतः ॥ १३.१८३.६ ॥
Even from merely seeing you comes great prosperity for me; I think this is your grace, by the nature of intellect and action.
13.183.7
तपः श्रुतं च योनिश्चाप्येतद्ब्राह्मण्यकारणम् ।
त्रिभिर्गुणैः समुदितः स्नातो भवति वै द्विजः ॥ १३.१८३.७ ॥
Austerity, learning and birth — these are the cause of brahminhood. Endowed with three qualities, the twice-born becomes a graduate.
13.183.8
अस्मिंस्तृप्ते च तृप्यन्ति पितरो दैवतानि च ।
न हि श्रुतवतां किञ्चिदधिकं ब्राह्मणादृते ॥ १३.१८३.८ ॥
When he is satisfied, the ancestors and the gods are satisfied too. For the learned, there is nothing greater than a brahmin.
13.183.9
असंस्कारात्क्षत्रवैश्यौ नश्येते ब्राह्मणादृते ।
शूद्रो नश्यत्यशुश्रूषुराश्रमाणां यथार्हतः ॥ १३.१८३.९ ॥
Without a brahmin, for lack of the rites, the kshatriya and the vaishya perish; and the shudra who does not serve the life-stages as is fitting also perishes.
13.183.10
अन्धं स्यात्तम एवेदं न प्रज्ञायेत किञ्चन ।
चातुर्वर्ण्यं न वर्तेत धर्माधर्मावृतानृते ॥ १३.१८३.१० ॥
This would become blind darkness, and nothing would be known. With dharma and adharma, truth and falsehood covered over, the fourfold order of the varṇas would not endure.
13.183.11
यथाहि सुकृते क्षेत्रे फलं विन्दति मानवः ।
एवं दत्त्वा श्रुतवते फलं दाता समश्नुते ॥ १३.१८३.११ ॥
As a man obtains fruit from a well-prepared field, so the giver who gives to one who has learned obtains fruit.
13.183.12
ब्राह्मणश्चेन्न विन्देत श्रुतवृत्तोपसंहितः ।
प्रतिग्रहीता दानस्य मोघं स्याद्धनिनां धनम् ॥ १३.१८३.१२ ॥
If a brahmin endowed with learning and conduct is not found, the recipient of the gift will be lacking, and the wealth of the rich will go in vain.
13.183.13
अन्नं ह्यविद्वान्हन्त्येवमविद्वांसं च हन्ति तत् ।
तच्चान्यं हन्ति यच्चान्यत्स भुक्त्वा हन्यतेऽबुधः ॥ १३.१८३.१३ ॥
The unlearned man who eats food is destroyed in this way, and that food destroys the unlearned one. It destroys another, and whatever else there is; having eaten, the fool is destroyed.
13.183.14
प्राहुर्ह्यन्नमदन्विद्वान्पुनर्जनयतीश्वरः ।
स चान्नाज्जायते तस्मात्सूक्ष्म एष व्यतिक्रमः ॥ १३.१८३.१४ ॥
They say that the learned man who eats food is born again by the Lord; he is born from food. Therefore this transgression is subtle.
13.183.15
ब्राह्मं ह्यनुपयोगी यो ददंश्चान्नमसंशयम् ।
यस्तारयति वै विद्वान्पितॄन्देवान्सदाऽमृतान् ॥ १३.१८३.१५ ॥
He who, though not useful for the Brahmin duty, undoubtedly gives food; and the learned man who always delivers the ancestors and the immortal gods.
13.183.16
यदेव ददतः पुण्यं तदेव प्रतिगृह्णतः ।
न ह्येकचक्रं वर्तेत इत्येवमृषयो विदुः ॥ १३.१८३.१६ ॥
Whatever merit belongs to the giver, that same merit belongs to the receiver. A chariot does not move on one wheel; thus the sages know.
13.183.17
यत्र वै ब्राह्मणाः सन्ति श्रुतवृत्तोपसंहिताः ।
तत्र दानफलं पुण्यमिह चामुत्र चाश्नुते ॥ १३.१८३.१७ ॥
Where Brahmins endowed with learning and conduct are present, there the fruit of giving and merit are obtained, here and in the hereafter.
13.183.18
ये योनिशुद्धाः सततं तपस्यभिरता भृशम् ।
दानाध्ययनसम्पन्नास्ते वै पूज्यतमाः सदा ॥ १३.१८३.१८ ॥
Those who are pure by birth, constantly and greatly devoted to austerity, and endowed with giving and study—they are always the most worthy of honour.
13.183.19
तैर्हि सद्भिः कृतः पन्था देवयानो न मुह्यते ।
ते हि स्वर्गस्य नेतारो यज्ञवाहाः सनातनाः ॥ १३.१८३.१९ ॥
The path of the gods, laid down by those virtuous ones, does not bewilder. They are the guides to heaven, the eternal bearers of the sacrifice.