Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.198
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13.198.1
के भोज्या ब्राह्मणस्येह के भोज्याः क्षत्रियस्य ह ।
तथा वैश्यस्य के भोज्याः के शूद्रस्य च भारत ॥ १३.१९८.१ ॥
O Bhārata, here, who are fit to eat with a brahmin? Who with a kṣatriya? Likewise, who with a vaiśya? And who with a śūdra?
13.198.2
ब्राह्मणा ब्राह्मणस्येह भोज्या ये चैव क्षत्रियाः ।
वैश्याश्चापि तथा भोज्याः शूद्राश्च परिवर्जिताः ॥ १३.१९८.२ ॥
Among brahmins, brahmins are fit to eat with a brahmin here, and so too the kṣatriyas who are kṣatriyas. The vaiśyas are fit to eat too; the śūdras are excluded.
13.198.3
ब्राह्मणाः क्षत्रिया वैश्या भोज्या वै क्षत्रियस्य ह ।
वर्जनीयास्तु वै शूद्राः सर्वभक्षा विकर्मिणः ॥ १३.१९८.३ ॥
With a kṣatriya, brahmins, kṣatriyas and vaiśyas are fit to eat; but śūdras, who eat everything and perform forbidden acts, are indeed to be avoided.
13.198.4
वैश्यास्तु भोज्या विप्राणां क्षत्रियाणां तथैव च ।
नित्याग्नयो विविक्ताश्च चातुर्मास्यरताश्च ये ॥ १३.१९८.४ ॥
But vaiśyas are fit to eat with brahmins and kṣatriyas; so too are those who keep the sacred fires daily, dwell in seclusion, and are devoted to the four-month observance.
13.198.5
शूद्राणामथ यो भुङ्क्ते स भुङ्क्ते पृथिवीमलम् ।
मलं नृणां स पिबति मलं भुङ्क्ते जनस्य च ॥ १३.१९८.५ ॥
He who eats the food of śūdras eats the filth of the earth; he drinks the filth of men and eats the filth of people.
13.198.6
शूद्राणां यस्तथा भुङ्क्ते स भुङ्क्ते पृथिवीमलम् ।
पृथिवीमलमश्नन्ति ये द्विजाः शूद्रभोजिनः ॥ १३.१९८.६ ॥
Likewise, he who eats the food of śūdras eats the filth of the earth; the twice-born who eat the food of śūdras eat indeed the filth of the earth.
13.198.7
शूद्रस्य कर्मनिष्ठायां विकर्मस्थोपि पच्यते ।
ब्राह्मणः क्षत्रियो वैश्यो विकर्मस्थश्च पच्यते ॥ १३.१९८.७ ॥
Even in the steadfast performance of a śūdra's duty, one who stands in improper action suffers; and a brāhmaṇa, a kṣatriya or a vaiśya who stands in improper action also suffers.
13.198.8
स्वाध्यायनिरता विप्रास्तथा स्वस्त्ययने नृणाम् ।
रक्षणे क्षत्रियं प्राहुर्वैश्यं पुष्ट्यर्थमेव च ॥ १३.१९८.८ ॥
The brāhmaṇas, intent on recitation of the Veda and on rites of well-being for men, are so named; the kṣatriya they declare for protection, and the vaiśya indeed for nourishment.
13.198.9
करोति कर्म यद्वैश्यस्तद्गत्वा ह्युपजीवति ।
कृषिगोरक्ष्यवाणिज्यमकुत्सा वैश्यकर्मणि ॥ १३.१९८.९ ॥
Whatever action the vaiśya performs, he lives by it; agriculture, cattle-tending and trade are blameless in the vaiśya's occupation.
13.198.10
शूद्रकर्म तु यः कुर्यादवहाय स्वकर्म च ।
स विज्ञेयो यथा शूद्रो न च भोज्यः कदाचन ॥ १३.१९८.१० ॥
He who, abandoning his own duty, performs the work of a śūdra, is to be known as a śūdra, and is never fit to be eaten with.
13.198.11
चिकित्सकः काण्डपृष्ठः पुराऽध्यक्षः पुरोहितः ।
सांवत्सरो वृथाध्यायी सर्वे ते शूद्रसंमिताः ॥ १३.१९८.११ ॥
The physician, the bow-maker, the city-superintendent, the domestic priest, the astrologer, and one who recites in vain — all these are reckoned equal to śūdras.
13.198.12
शूद्रकर्मस्वथैतेषु यो भुङ्क्ते निरपत्रपः ।
अभोज्यभोजनं भुक्त्वा भयं प्राप्नोति दारुणम् ॥ १३.१९८.१२ ॥
And he who, shameless, eats among those engaged in the works of a śūdra, having eaten what must not be eaten, obtains dreadful fear.
13.198.13
कुलं वीर्यं च तेजश्च तिर्यग्योनित्वमेव च ।
स प्रयाति यथा श्वा वै निष्क्रियो धर्मवर्जितः ॥ १३.१९८.१३ ॥
He loses lineage, vigour and brilliance, and goes to animal birth; like a dog, inactive and bereft of dharma, he departs.
13.198.14
भुङ्क्ते चिकित्सकस्यान्नं तदन्नं च पुरीषवत् ।
पुंश्चल्यन्नं च मूत्रं स्यात्कारुकान्नं च शोणितम् ॥ १३.१९८.१४ ॥
Whoever eats a physician's food eats something like excrement; the food of a harlot is urine, and the food of an artisan is blood.
13.198.15
विद्योपजीविनोऽन्नं च यो भुङ्क्ते साधुसम्मतः ।
तदप्यन्नं यथा शौद्रं तत्साधुः परिवर्जयेत् ॥ १३.१९८.१५ ॥
Whoever eats the food of one who lives by knowledge, even though esteemed by good men, that food too is like a Śūdra's food; therefore the good man should avoid it.
13.198.16
वचनीयस्य यो भुङ्क्ते तमाहुः शोणितं ह्रदम् ।
पिशुनं भोजनं भुङ्क्ते ब्रह्महत्यासमं विदुः ॥ १३.१९८.१६ ॥
Whoever eats the food of one who is slandered, they call him a pool of blood; whoever eats the food of a slanderer, they know him to be equal to one who has slain a Brahmin.
13.198.17
असत्कृतमवज्ञातं न भोक्तव्यं कदाचन ॥ १३.१९८.१७ ॥
The food of one who has been treated disrespectfully and despised should never be eaten.
13.198.18
व्याधिं कुलक्षयं चैव क्षिप्रं प्राप्नोति ब्राह्मणः ।
नगरीरक्षिणो भुङ्क्ते श्वपचप्रवणो भवेत् ॥ १३.१९८.१८ ॥
A Brahmin quickly obtains disease and the ruin of his family; whoever eats the food of a city guard becomes inclined toward the outcaste.
13.198.19
गोघ्ने च ब्राह्मणघ्ने च सुरापे गुरुतल्पगे ।
भुक्त्वाऽन्नं जायते विप्रो रक्षसां कुलवर्धनः ॥ १३.१९८.१९ ॥
By eating the food of a cow-slayer, a slayer of brahmins, a drinker of liquor, or one who lies with his guru's wife, a brahmin is born to increase the lineage of the rākṣasas.
13.198.20
न्यासापहारिणो भुक्त्वा कृतघ्ने क्लीबवर्तिनि ।
जायते शबरावासे मध्यदेशबहिष्कृते ॥ १३.१९८.२० ॥
By eating the food of one who embezzles a deposit, an ingrate, or one who lives like a coward, a brahmin is born in a Śabara dwelling, cast out from the Middle Country.
13.198.21
अभोज्याश्चैव भोज्याश्च मया प्रोक्ता यथाविधि ।
किमन्यदद्य कौन्तेय मत्तस्त्वं श्रोतुमिच्छसि ॥ १३.१९८.२१ ॥
I have told you, according to rule, whose food is not to be eaten and whose food may be eaten. O son of Kuntī, what else today do you wish to hear from me?