Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.209
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13.209.1
भगवन्देवदेवेश त्रिपुरान्तक शङ्कर ।
अयं त्वृषिगणो देव तपस्तप इति प्रभो ॥ १३.२०९.१ ॥
O blessed lord, god of gods, destroyer of Tripura, Śaṅkara! O god, O lord, this host of sages keeps performing austerity, austerity.
13.209.2
तपसा कर्शितो नित्यं तपोऽर्जनपरायणः ।
अस्य किंलक्षणो धर्मः कीदृशश्चागमस्तथा।
एतदिच्छाम्यहं श्रोतुं तन्मे वद वरप्रद ॥ १३.२०९.२ ॥
Emaciated constantly by austerity, intent on austerity and acquisition, what is the characteristic of their dharma, and what is their tradition like? This I wish to hear; tell me, O bestower of boons.
13.209.3
एवं ब्रुवन्त्यां रुद्राण्यामृषयः साधुसाध्विति ।
अब्रुवन्हृष्टमनसः सर्वे तद्गतमानसाः ॥ १३.२०९.३ ॥
As Rudrāṇī spoke thus, the sages, with gladdened minds, all said, "Well said, well said," their minds fixed upon that.
13.209.4
शृण्वन्तीमृषिधर्मांस्तु ऋषयश्चाभ्यपूजयन् ॥ १३.२०९.४ ॥
Listening to her speak of the duties of the sages, the sages also honored her.
13.209.5
त्वत्प्रसादद्वयं देवि श्रोष्यामः परमं हितम् ।
धन्याः खलु वयं सर्वे पादमूलं तवाश्रिताः।
इति सर्वे तदा देवीं वाचा समभिपूजयन् ॥ १३.२०९.५ ॥
O goddess, through your two favours we shall hear what is supremely beneficial; truly we are all blessed, having taken refuge at your feet. Thus all of them then honored the goddess fully with their words.
13.209.6
न्यायतस्त्वं महाभागे श्रोतुकामा मनस्विनि ।
हन्त ते कथयिष्यामि मुनिधर्मं शुचिस्मिते ॥ १३.२०९.६ ॥
O greatly fortunate, high-minded one, rightly do you desire to hear. Well then, O pure-smiling one, I shall tell you the duty of sages.
13.209.7
वानप्रस्थं समाश्रित्य क्रियते बहुधा नरैः ।
बहुशाखो बहुविधो ऋषिधर्मः सनातनः ॥ १३.२०९.७ ॥
Having taken up the forest-dwelling stage, men practice it in many ways; the eternal duty of the sages has many branches and many forms.
13.209.8
प्रायशः सर्वभोगार्थमृषिभिः क्रियते तपः ।
तथा सञ्चरतां तेषां देवि धर्मविधिं शृणु ॥ १३.२०९.८ ॥
Mostly, the sages perform austerity for the sake of all enjoyments. So, O goddess, hear the rule of duty of those who wander thus.
13.209.9
भूत्वा पूर्वं गृहस्थस्तु पुत्रानृण्यमवाप्य च ।
कलत्रकार्यं संस्थाप्य कारणात्संत्यजेद्गृहम् ॥ १३.२०९.९ ॥
Having first been a householder, and having obtained freedom from debt to sons, and having settled the duties of wife and household, one should for some reason abandon the house.
13.209.10
अवस्थाप्य मनो धृत्या व्यवसायपुरःसरः ।
निर्दारो वा सदारो वा वनवासाय संव्रजेत् ॥ १३.२०९.१० ॥
Having steadied the mind by firmness, with firm resolve in front, whether without a wife or with a wife, one should set out for living in the forest.
13.209.11
देशाः परमपुण्या ये नदीवनसमन्विताः ।
अबोधमुक्ताः प्रायेण तीर्थायतनसंयुताः ॥ १३.२०९.११ ॥
Those regions which are most meritorious, endowed with rivers and forests, mostly free from ignorance, and joined with sacred bathing-places and shrines.
13.209.12
तत्र गत्वा विधिं ज्ञात्वा दीक्षां कुर्याद्यथागमम् ।
दीक्षित्वैकमना भूत्वा परिचर्यां समाचरेत् ॥ १३.२०९.१२ ॥
Having gone there and learned the rule, one should take initiation in accordance with the scriptures. Having been initiated, with a single mind, one should perform service.
13.209.13
काल्योत्थानं च शौचं च सर्वदेवप्रणामनम् ।
सकृदालेपनं काये त्यक्तदोषोऽप्रमादिता ॥ १३.२०९.१३ ॥
Rising early, purity, bowing to all the gods, anointing the body once, abandoning faults, and vigilance.
13.209.14
सायंप्रातश्चाभिषेकं चाग्निहोत्रं यथाविधि ।
काले शौचं च कार्यं च जटावल्कलधारणम् ॥ १३.२०९.१४ ॥
Bathing morning and evening according to rule, the fire offering, observing purity at the proper time, and wearing matted hair and bark garments.
13.209.15
सततं वनचर्या च समित्कुसुमकारणात् ।
नीवाराग्रयणं काले शाकमूलोपचायनम् ॥ १३.२०९.१५ ॥
Constant wandering in the forest for firewood and flowers, taking the first-fruits of wild rice at the proper time, and gathering vegetables and roots.
13.209.16
सदायतनशौचं च तस्य धर्माय चेष्यते ।
अतिथीनामाभिमुख्यं तत्परत्वं च सर्वदा ॥ १३.२०९.१६ ॥
Constant purity of the dwelling is prescribed for his dharma, as is readiness to face guests and devotion to them at all times.
13.209.17
पाद्यासनाभ्यां सम्पूज्य तथाऽऽहारनिमन्त्रणम् ।
अग्राम्यपचनं काले पितृदेवार्चनं तथा ॥ १३.२०९.१७ ॥
Honouring guests with water for the feet and a seat, likewise inviting them to a meal, cooking at the proper time without worldly aims, and worshipping the ancestors and gods.
13.209.18
पश्चादतिथिसत्कारस्तस्य धर्मः सनातनः ।
शिष्टैर्धर्मासने चैव धर्मार्थसहिताः कथाः ॥ १३.२०९.१८ ॥
Afterwards, honouring guests is his eternal dharma; and the learned, seated on the seat of dharma, should speak discourses joined with dharma and wealth.
13.209.19
प्रतिश्रयविभागश्च भूमिशय्या शिलासु वा ।
व्रतोपवासयोगश्च क्षमा चेन्द्रियनिग्रहः ॥ १३.२०९.१९ ॥
The division of shelters, sleeping on the ground or on stones, the practice of vows and fasting, patience, and restraint of the senses.
13.209.20
दिवारात्रं यथायोगं शौचं धर्मस्य चिन्तनम् ।
एवं धर्माः पुरा दृष्टाः सामान्या वनवासिनाम् ॥ १३.२०९.२० ॥
Purity day and night as is fitting, and contemplation of dharma. Thus in former times the common duties of forest-dwellers were observed.
13.209.21
एवं वै यतमानस्य कालधर्मो यथा भवेत् ।
तथैव सोऽभिजयति स्वर्गलोकं शुचिस्मिते ॥ १३.२०९.२१ ॥
For one who strives thus, whatever the course of time may be, in just that way he conquers the heavenly world, O you of pure smile.
13.209.22
तत्र संविदिता भोगाः स्वर्गस्त्रीभिरनिन्दिते ।
परिभ्रष्टो यथा स्वर्गाद्विशिष्टस्तु भवेन्नृषु ॥ १३.२०९.२२ ॥
There, O blameless one, enjoyments are known with heavenly women; but one who has fallen from heaven becomes distinguished among men.
13.209.23
एवं धर्मस्तथा देवि सर्वेषां वनवासिनाम् ।
एतत्ते कथितं सर्वं किं भूयः श्रोतुमिच्छसि ॥ १३.२०९.२३ ॥
Thus, O goddess, is the dharma of all forest-dwellers. All this has been told to you; what more do you wish to hear?
13.209.24
भगवन्देवदेवेश ऋषीणां चरितं शुभम् ।
विशेषधर्मानिच्छामि श्रोतुं कौतूहलं हि मे ॥ १३.२०९.२४ ॥
Revered one, lord of the lords of gods, I wish to hear the auspicious conduct of the sages and their special duties; my curiosity is indeed great.
13.209.25
तदहं ते प्रवक्ष्यामि शृणु देवि समाहिता ॥ १३.२०९.२५ ॥
Therefore I shall tell you; listen, O goddess, with composed attention.
13.209.26
वननित्यैर्वनरतैर्वानप्रस्थैर्महर्षिभिः ।
वनं गुरुमिवालम्ब्य वस्तुव्यमिति निश्चयः ॥ १३.२०९.२६ ॥
The great sages who dwell constantly in the forest, delight in it, and are forest-hermits, having taken refuge in the forest as if it were a teacher, resolve that they must live there.
13.209.27
वीरशय्यामुपासद्भिर्वारस्थानोपसेविभिः ।
व्रतोपवासैर्बहुलैर्ग्रीष्मे पञ्चतपैस्तथा ॥ १३.२०९.२७ ॥
Those who resort to the bed of heroes, who keep to the standing postures, who are intent on many vows and fasts, and who in summer practise the austerity of the five fires.
13.209.28
पञ्चयज्ञपरैर्नित्यं पौर्णमास्यापरायणैः ।
मण्डूकशायैर्हेमन्ते शैवालाङ्कुरभोजनैः ॥ १३.२०९.२८ ॥
Those constantly devoted to the five sacrifices, intent on the full-moon observance, who in winter lie like frogs, and who eat the sprouts of moss.
13.209.29
चीरवल्कलसंवीतैर्मृगाजिनधरैस्तथा ।
चातुर्मास्यपरैः कैश्चिद्देवधर्मपरायणैः ॥ १३.२०९.२९ ॥
Clad in garments of bark and rags, wearing deerskins, some devoted to the chāturmāsya vow, and intent upon the duties of the gods.
13.209.30
एवंविधैर्वनेवासैस्तप्यते सुमहत्तपः ।
एवं कृत्वा शुभं कर्म पश्चाद्याति त्रिविष्टपम् ॥ १३.२०९.३० ॥
By such forest-dwelling a very great austerity is performed; having done such auspicious deeds, they afterwards go to heaven.
13.209.31
तत्रापि सुमहत्कालं संविहृत्यि यथासुखम् ।
जायते मानुषे लोके दानभोगसमन्वितः ॥ १३.२०९.३१ ॥
There too, having dwelt at ease for a very long time, he is born in the human world, endowed with giving and enjoyment.
13.209.32
तपोविशेषसंयुक्ताः कथितास्ते शुचिस्मिते ॥ १३.२०९.३२ ॥
Those endowed with special austerity have been described, O you of pure smile.
13.209.33
भगवन्देवदेवेश तेषु ये दारसंयुताः ।
कीदृशं चरितं तेषां तन्मे शंसितुमर्हसि ॥ १३.२०९.३३ ॥
O blessed one, lord of the lords of gods, what is the conduct of those among them who are accompanied by wives? You are worthy to tell me that.
13.209.34
य एकपत्नीधर्माणश्चरन्ति विपुलं तपः ।
विंध्यपादेषु ये केचिद्ये च नैमिशवासिनः ॥ १३.२०९.३४ ॥
Those who keep the vow of one wife and practise vast austerity, those dwelling at the foot of the Vindhya mountains, and those who live in Naimiṣa.
13.209.35
पुष्करेषु च ये चान्ये नदीवनसमाश्रिताः ।
सर्वे ते विधिदृष्टेन चरन्ति विपुलं तपः ॥ १३.२०९.३५ ॥
Those at the Puṣkara waters, and others dwelling by rivers and forests — all of them practise vast austerity according to the prescribed rule.
13.209.36
हिंसाद्रोहविमुक्ताश्च सर्वभूतानुकम्पिनः ।
शान्ता दान्ता जितक्रोधाः सर्वातिथ्यपरायणाः ॥ १३.२०९.३६ ॥
Free from violence and malice, compassionate to all beings, calm, self-controlled, having conquered anger, and devoted to hospitality toward all.
13.209.37
प्राणिष्वात्मोपमा नित्यमृतुकालाभिगामिनः ।
स्वदारसहिता देवि चरन्ति व्रतमुत्तमम् ॥ १३.२०९.३७ ॥
O goddess, those who always regard living beings as themselves, who approach their wives only in the proper season, and who observe the supreme vow together with their own wives.
13.209.38
वसन्ति सुखमव्यग्राः पुत्रदारसमन्विताः ।
तेषां परिच्छदारम्भाः कृतोपकरणानि च ॥ १३.२०९.३८ ॥
They dwell happily and free from anxiety, together with their sons and wives; the arrangements of their household furnishings and the prepared implements are also theirs.
13.209.39
गृहस्थवद्द्वितीयं ते यथायोगं प्रमाणतः ।
पोषणार्थं स्वदाराणामग्निकार्यार्थमेव च।
गावश्च कर्षणं चैव सर्वमेतद्विधीयते। ॥ १३.२०९.३९ ॥
Like householders, for them a second (dwelling) is prescribed in fitting measure; for nourishing their own wives, for the fire-rites, for cattle, and for ploughing—all this is prescribed.
13.209.40
एवं वनगतैर्देवि कर्तव्यं दारसङ्ग्रहैः ।
ते स्वदारैः समायान्ति पुण्याँल्लोकान्द्दढव्रताः ॥ १३.२०९.४० ॥
Thus, O goddess, those who have gone to the forest should take wives; the firm in vow reach the meritorious worlds together with their own wives.
13.209.41
पतिभिः सह ये दाराश्चरन्ति विपुलं तपः ।
अव्यग्रभावादैकात्म्यात्ताश्च गच्छन्ति वै दिवम्।
एतत्ते कथितं देवि किं भूयः श्रोतुमिच्छसि ॥ १३.२०९.४१ ॥
The wives who practise great austerity together with their husbands go to heaven because of their undistracted state and oneness. O goddess, this has been told to you; what more do you wish to hear?