Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.216
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13.216.1
पशवः पशुबन्धेषु ये हन्यन्तेऽध्वरेषु च ।
यूपे निबध्य मन्त्रैश्च यथान्यायं यथाविधि।
मन्त्राहुतिविपूतास्ते स्वर्गं यान्ति यशस्विनि ॥ १३.२१६.१ ॥
The animals that are bound to the sacrificial post at the binding of beasts and slain at sacrifices, bound with mantras and according to rule and prescription, purified by the mantra-oblations, go to heaven, O glorious one.
13.216.2
तर्पिता यज्ञभागेषु तेषां मांसैर्वरानने ।
अग्नयस्त्रिदशाश्चैव लोकपाला महेश्वराः। ॥ १३.२१६.२ ॥
O fair-faced one, with their flesh the fires, the thirty gods, the guardians of the worlds and the great lords are gratified in their shares of the sacrifice.
13.216.3
तेषु तुष्टेषु जायेत यस्य यज्ञस्य यत्फलम् ।
तेन संयुज्यते देवि यजमानो न संशयः ॥ १३.२१६.३ ॥
When they are pleased, whatever fruit arises from the sacrifice, O goddess, the sacrificer is joined with that fruit; there is no doubt.
13.216.4
सपत्नीकः सपुत्रश्चि पित्रा च भ्रातृभिः सह ।
ये तत्र दीक्षिता देवि सर्वे स्वर्गं प्रयान्ति ते ॥ १३.२१६.४ ॥
Those who are initiated there together with wife, son, father and brothers, all of them, O goddess, go to heaven.
13.216.5
एतत्ते सर्वमाख्यातं किं भूयः श्रोतुमिच्छसि ॥ १३.२१६.५ ॥
All this has been told to you; what more do you wish to hear?
13.216.6
भगवन्सर्वभूतेश शूलपाणे महाद्युते ।
श्रोतुमिच्छाम्यहं वृत्तं सर्वेषां गृहमेधिनाम् ॥ १३.२१६.६ ॥
O blessed lord, lord of all beings, wielder of the trident, greatly radiant one, I wish to hear the conduct of all householders.
13.216.7
कीदृशं चरितं तेषां त्रिवर्गसहितं प्रभो ।
प्रत्यायतिः कथं तेषां जीवनार्थमुदाहृतम् ॥ १३.२१६.७ ॥
O lord, what is their conduct together with the threefold aims? How is their future declared for the sake of their livelihood?
13.216.8
वर्तमानाः कथं सर्वे प्राप्नुवन्त्युत्तमां गतिम् ।
एतत्सर्वं समासेन वक्तुमर्हसि मानदः ॥ १३.२१६.८ ॥
How do all of them, living as they do, attain the highest goal? O bestower of honour, you are worthy to tell all this in brief.
13.216.9
न्यायतस्त्वं महाभागे श्रोतुकामाऽसि भामिनि ।
प्रायशो लोकसद्वृत्तमिष्यते गृहवासिनाम् ॥ १३.२१६.९ ॥
Rightly do you desire to hear, O greatly fortunate radiant lady. Generally, for householders, the good conduct of the world is what is taught.
13.216.10
तेषां संरक्षणार्थाय राजानः संस्कृता भुवि ।
सर्वेषामथ मर्त्यानां वृत्तिं सामान्यतः शृणुः ॥ १३.२१६.१० ॥
For their protection, kings have been consecrated on earth. Now hear, in general, the way of life of all mortals.
13.216.11
विद्या वार्ता च सेवा च कारुत्वं नाट्यता तथा ।
इत्यते जीवनार्थाय मर्त्यानां विहिताः प्रिये ॥ १३.२१६.११ ॥
Learning, trade and agriculture, service, craftsmanship and likewise the performing arts: these, my beloved, are prescribed for the livelihood of mortals.
13.216.12
अपि जन्मफलं तावन्मानुषाणां विशेषतः ।
विहितं तत्स्ववृत्तेन तन्मे शृणु समाहिताः ॥ १३.२१६.१२ ॥
Indeed, for humans the fruit of birth is especially this much, prescribed by one's own conduct. Hear it from me, with attention.
13.216.13
कर्मक्षेत्रं हि मानुष्यं सुखदुःखयुताः परे ।
सर्वेषां प्राणिनां तस्मान्मानुष्ये वृत्तिरिष्यते ॥ १३.२१६.१३ ॥
Human life is indeed the field of action; other beings are full of pleasure and pain. Therefore conduct is enjoined for all beings in the human state.
13.216.14
विद्यायोगस्तु सर्वेषां पूर्वमेव विधीयते ।
कार्याकार्यं विजानन्ति विद्यया देवि नान्यथा ॥ १३.२१६.१४ ॥
For all, the devotion to knowledge is prescribed first. O goddess, it is by knowledge alone that people discern what should and should not be done, not otherwise.
13.216.15
विद्यया स्फीयते ज्ञानं ज्ञानात्तत्वनिदर्शनम् ।
दृष्टतत्वो विनीतात्मा सर्वार्थस्य च भाजनम् ॥ १३.२१६.१५ ॥
Through knowledge wisdom grows, and through wisdom comes the perception of the truth. One who has seen the truth, with a disciplined self, becomes a vessel of all aims.
13.216.16
शक्यं विद्याविनीतेन लोके संजीवनं शुभम् ॥ १३.२१६.१६ ॥
For one humbled by knowledge, it is possible in this world to attain auspicious revival, a true life.
13.216.17
आत्मानं विद्यया तस्मात्पूर्वं वृत्वा तु भाजनम् ।
वश्येन्द्रियो जितक्रोधो भूतात्मानं तु भावयेत्।
भावयित्वा तदाऽऽत्मानं पूजनीयः सतामपि ॥ १३.२१६.१७ ॥
Therefore, having first made oneself a vessel through knowledge, with senses controlled and anger conquered, one should contemplate the self of all beings. Having contemplated that self, one becomes worthy of honour even by the good.
13.216.18
कुलानुवृत्तं वृत्तं वा पूर्वमात्मा समाश्रयेत् ।
इत्येतत्कुलवासाय दानकर्म यथा पुरा ॥ १३.२१६.१८ ॥
First one should take refuge in the custom or conduct of one's own family. Thus, for living within the family, one should perform acts of giving as was done in former times.
13.216.19
यदि चेद्विद्यया चैव वृत्तिं काङ्क्षेदथात्मनः ।
राजविद्यानुवादेऽपि लोकविद्यामथापि वा।
तीर्थतश्चापि गृह्णीयाच्छुश्रूषादिगुणैर्युतः ॥ १३.२१६.१९ ॥
If one desires a livelihood through learning, then for oneself, in the teaching of the science of kingship or of worldly knowledge, let him also learn from a teacher, endowed with qualities such as attentive service.
13.216.20
ग्रन्थतश्चार्थतश्चैव दृढं कुर्यात्प्रयत्नतः ।
एवं विद्याफलं देवि प्राप्नुयान्नान्यथा नरः।
न्यायाद्विद्याफलानीच्छेदधर्मं तत्र वर्जयेत् ॥ १३.२१६.२० ॥
Let him make it firm, through the text and through its meaning, with effort. Thus, O goddess, a man obtains the fruit of learning, and not otherwise. Let him desire the fruits of learning by right means, and avoid unrighteousness in them.
13.216.21
यदिच्छेद्वार्तया वृत्तिं काङ्क्षेत विधिपूर्वकम् ।
क्षेत्रे जलोपपन्ने च तद्योग्यां कृषिमाचरेत् ॥ १३.२१६.२१ ॥
If one desires a livelihood through trade and husbandry, let him seek it according to rule, and in a field well supplied with water, let him practise the farming suited to it.
13.216.22
वाणिज्यं वा यथाकालं कुर्यात्तद्देशयोगतः ।
मूल्यमर्थं प्रयासं च विचार्यैव व्ययोदयौ ॥ १३.२१६.२२ ॥
Or let him engage in trade at the proper time, suited to that country, having well considered the price, the gain, the effort, and the expenditure and the income.
13.216.23
पशुसंजीवनं चैव दश गाः पोषयेद्ध्रुवम् ।
बहुप्रकारा बहवः पशवस्तस्य साधकाः ॥ १३.२१६.२३ ॥
Let him also keep livestock alive and thriving, and surely nourish ten cows. Many animals of many kinds become the means of his success.
13.216.24
यः कश्चित्सेवया वृत्तिं काङ्क्षेत मतिमान्नरः ।
यतात्मा श्रवणीयानां भवेद्वै सम्प्रयोजकः ॥ १३.२१६.२४ ॥
Whoever is a wise man and seeks a livelihood through service, let him, self-controlled, become one who rightly applies what is worthy to be heard.
13.216.25
बुद्ध्या वा कर्मयोगाद्वा बोधनाद्वा समाश्रयेत् ।
मार्गतस्तु समाश्रित्य तदा तत्सम्प्रयोजयेत् ॥ १३.२१६.२५ ॥
One should take refuge through understanding, through the discipline of action, or through instruction. Having taken refuge by the proper way, one should then bring that matter to completion.
13.216.26
यथायथा सु तुष्येत तथा संतोषयेत्तु तम् ।
अनुजीविगुणोपेतः कुर्यादात्मार्थमाश्रितम् ॥ १३.२१६.२६ ॥
In whatever way he is well pleased, in that way one should please him. Endowed with the qualities of a dependent, one should act thus for the sake of one's own interest toward the one who has taken refuge.
13.216.27
विप्रियं नाचरेत्तस्य एषा सेवा समासतः ।
विप्रयोगात्पुरा तेन गतिमन्यां न लक्षयेत् ॥ १३.२१६.२७ ॥
One should not do what is unpleasing to him; in brief, this is service. Before separation from him occurs, one should not look for any other course through him.
13.216.28
कारुकर्म च नाट्यं च प्रायशो नीचयोनिषु ।
तयोरपि यथायोगं न्यायतः कर्मवेतनम् ॥ १३.२१६.२८ ॥
Craftsmanship and acting are mostly found among the low-born. For both of these as well, the wage for the work should be given justly and according to what is fitting.
13.216.29
आजीवेभ्योऽपि सर्वभ्यः स्वार्जवाद्वेतनं हरेत् ।
अनार्जवादाहरतस्तत्तु पापाय कल्पते ॥ १३.२१६.२९ ॥
Even from all who live by their labor, one should take wages through one's own honesty. For one who takes through dishonesty, it becomes a cause of sin.
13.216.30
सर्वेषां पूर्वमारम्भांश्चिन्तयेन्नयपूर्वकम् ।
आत्मशक्तिमुपायांश्च देशकालौ च युक्तितः।
कारणानि प्रयासं च प्रक्षेपं च फलोदयम् ॥ १३.२१६.३० ॥
Before beginning any undertaking, one should consider it with sound policy: one's own strength, the means, the place and the time, rightly weighed; and the causes, the effort, the outlay, and the rising of the result.
13.216.31
एवमादीनि सञ्चिन्त्य दृष्ट्वा दैवानुकूलताम् ।
अतः परं समारम्भेद्यत्रात्महितमाहितम् ॥ १३.२१६.३१ ॥
Having fully considered these and similar matters, and having seen fate's favour, one should then begin the undertaking where one's own welfare lies.
13.216.32
वृत्तिमेव समासाद्य तां सदा परिपालयेत् ।
देवमानुषविघ्नेभ्यो न पुनर्मन्यते यथा ॥ १३.२१६.३२ ॥
Having obtained a livelihood, one should always protect it, so that it is not again thought lost through obstacles from gods or men.
13.216.33
पालयन्वर्धयन्भुञ्जंस्तां प्राप्य न विनाशयेत् ।
क्षीयते गिरिसङ्काशमश्नतो ह्यनपेक्षया ॥ १३.२१६.३३ ॥
Having obtained it, protecting, increasing and enjoying it, one should not destroy it; for even a mountain-like store diminishes for one who eats it without care.
13.216.34
आजीवेभ्यो धनं प्राप्य चतुर्धा विभजेद्बुधः ।
धर्मायार्थाय कामाय आपत्प्रशमनाय च ॥ १३.२१६.३४ ॥
The wise man, having obtained wealth from his livelihoods, should divide it into four parts: for dharma, for artha, for pleasure, and for averting calamity.
13.216.35
चतुर्ष्वपि विभागेषु विधानं शृणु शोभने ॥ १३.२१६.३५ ॥
Hear also the rule for these four divisions, O beautiful one.
13.216.36
यज्ञार्थं चान्नदानार्थं दीनानुग्रहकारणात् ।
देवब्राह्मणपूजार्थं पितृपूजार्थमेव च ॥ १३.२१६.३६ ॥
For sacrifice, for the gift of food, for showing grace to the needy, for the worship of gods and brahmins, and indeed for the worship of ancestors.
13.216.37
मूलार्थं सन्निवासार्थं क्रियानित्यैश्चि धार्मिकैः ।
एवमादिषु चान्येषु धर्मार्थं संत्यजेद्धनम् ॥ १३.२१६.३७ ॥
For the sake of a foundation and of living together, the righteous who are constant in their rites, and likewise in other such matters, should give up wealth for the sake of dharma.
13.216.38
धर्मकार्ये धनं दद्यादनवेक्ष्य फलोदयम् ।
ऐश्वर्यस्थानलाभार्थं राजवाल्लभ्यकारणात् ॥ १३.२१६.३८ ॥
One should give wealth in a righteous act without regard to the arising of its fruit, for the sake of gaining a position of lordship and because of favour with the king.
13.216.39
वार्तायां च समारम्भेऽमात्यमित्रपरिग्रहे ।
आवाहे च विवाहे च पुत्राणां वृत्तिकारणात् ॥ १३.२१६.३९ ॥
in beginning an enterprise, in taking on ministers and friends, in bringing home a bride and in marriage, and because of the livelihood of sons.
13.216.40
अर्थोदयसमावाप्तावनर्थस्य विघातने ।
एवमादिषु चान्येषु अर्थार्थं विसृजेद्धनम् ॥ १३.२१६.४० ॥
in fully attaining the rise of gain and in warding off loss; and likewise in other such matters, one should release wealth for the sake of gain.
13.216.41
अनुबन्धं हेतुयुक्तं दृष्ट्वा वित्तं परित्यजेत् ।
अनर्थं बाधते ह्यर्थो अर्तं चैव फलान्युत ॥ १३.२१६.४१ ॥
Having seen what is bound up with its consequence and its cause, one should give up wealth. Wealth itself averts loss, and also the ruin of wealth and its fruits.
13.216.42
नाधनाः प्राप्नुन्त्यर्थं नरा यत्नशतैरपि ।
तस्माद्धनं रक्षितव्यं दातव्यं च विधानतः ॥ १३.२१६.४२ ॥
Men without wealth do not obtain wealth even with hundreds of efforts. Therefore wealth should be guarded, and given according to rule.
13.216.43
शरीरपोषणार्थाय आहारस्य विशोषणे ।
नटधर्वसंयोगे कामयात्राविहारयोः ॥ १३.२१६.४३ ॥
For nourishing the body, when food is scarce, in the company of actors and dancers, and in journeys of pleasure and amusements (one should spend wealth).
13.216.44
मनःप्रियाणां संयोगे प्रीतिदाने तथैव च ।
एवमादिषु चान्येषु कामार्तं विसृजेद्धनम् ॥ १३.२१६.४४ ॥
In union with those dear to the heart, in giving gifts of affection, and likewise in other such occasions, one afflicted by desire should spend wealth.
13.216.45
विचार्य गुणदोषांस्तु त्रयाणां तत्र संत्यजेत् ।
चतुर्थं सन्निदध्याच्च आपदर्थं शुचिस्मिते ॥ १३.२१६.४५ ॥
Having weighed the merits and faults, one should give up three portions there, and store up the fourth for calamity, O pure-smiling one.
13.216.46
राज्यभ्रंशविनाशार्थं दुर्भिक्षार्थं च शोभने ।
महाव्याधिविमोक्षार्थं वार्धकस्यैव कारणात् ॥ १३.२१६.४६ ॥
For the loss of a kingdom and its ruin, for famine, O radiant one, for release from great disease, and on account of old age alone (one should store up wealth).
13.216.47
शत्रूणां प्रतिकाराय साहसैश्चाप्यमर्षणात् ।
प्रस्थाने चान्यदेशार्थमापदां विप्रमोक्षणे।
एवमादि समुद्दिश्य सन्निदध्यात्स्वकं धनम् ॥ १३.२१६.४७ ॥
To counter enemies, for bold deeds, also out of indignation, for departure, for another country, and for release from calamities. Keeping such purposes in view, one should store up one's own wealth.
13.216.48
सुखमर्थवतां लोके कृच्छ्राणां विप्रमोक्षणम् ।
यस्य नास्ति धनं किञ्चित्तस्य लोकद्वयं न च ॥ १३.२१६.४८ ॥
In the world, happiness belongs to the wealthy, and release from hardships as well. For one who has no wealth at all, there are neither of the two worlds.
13.216.49
अशनादिन्द्रियाणीव सर्वमर्थात्प्रवर्तते ।
निधानमात्रं यस्तेषामन्यथा विलयं व्रजेत्।
एवं देवि मनुष्याणां लोकानां जीवनं प्रति ॥ १३.२१६.४९ ॥
As the senses proceed from food, so everything proceeds from wealth. Mere hoarding would otherwise come to ruin. Thus, O goddess, concerning the living of men and worlds.
13.216.50
एवं लोकस्य वृत्तस्य लोकवृत्तं पुनः शृणु ।
धन्यं यशस्यमायुष्यं स्वर्ग्यं च परमं यशः ॥ १३.२१६.५० ॥
Thus, hear again the conduct of the world: that which is auspicious, brings fame, brings long life, leads to heaven, and is supreme glory.
13.216.51
त्रिवर्गो हि वशे युक्तः सर्वेषां संविधीयते ।
तथा संवर्तमानास्तु लोकयोर्हितमाप्नुयुः ॥ १३.२१६.५१ ॥
When the threefold aim (dharma, wealth, pleasure) is truly held in check, it is arranged for all. And let those who conduct themselves thus obtain welfare in both worlds.
13.216.52
काल्योत्थानं च शौचं च देवब्राह्मणभक्तितः ।
गुरुणामेव शुश्रूषा ब्राह्मणेष्वभिवादनम् ॥ १३.२१६.५२ ॥
Rising at dawn and purity, from devotion to gods and brahmins; service to teachers alone, and greeting brahmins with reverence.
13.216.53
प्रत्युत्थानं च वृद्धानां देवस्थानप्रणामनम् ।
आभिमुख्यं पुरस्कृत्य अतिथीनां च पूजनम् ॥ १३.२१६.५३ ॥
Rising in respect for the elders and bowing at the shrines of the gods; placing guests before oneself and honoring them.
13.216.54
वृद्धोपदेशकरणं श्रवणं हितपथ्ययोः ।
पोषणं भूत्यवर्गस्य सान्त्वदानपरिग्रहे ॥ १३.२१६.५४ ॥
Heeding the counsel of the elders and listening to what is beneficial and wholesome; nourishing the body of servants, and winning them with gentle words and gifts.
13.216.55
न्यायतः कर्मकरणमन्यायाहितवर्जितम् ।
सम्यग्वृत्तं स्वदारेषु दोषाणां प्रतिषेधनम् ॥ १३.२१६.५५ ॥
To perform one's duties according to right, to be free from injustice and harm, to conduct oneself properly toward one's own wife, and to restrain faults.
13.216.56
पुत्राणां विनयं कुर्यात्तत्तत्कार्यनियोजनम् ।
वर्जनं चाशुभार्थानां शुभानां जोषणं तथा ॥ १३.२१६.५६ ॥
One should train one's sons in discipline, assign each to fitting tasks, keep them away from inauspicious aims, and attend to what is auspicious.
13.216.57
कुलोचितानां धर्माणां यतावत्परिपालनम् ।
कुलसन्धारणं चैव पौरुषेणैव सर्वशः।
एवमादि शुभं सर्वं तस्य वृत्तमिति स्थितम् ॥ १३.२१६.५७ ॥
To observe properly the duties fitting to one's lineage, to uphold the family, and to sustain it in every way by manly effort alone — these and all such auspicious conduct are established as his.
13.216.58
वृद्धसेवी भवेन्नित्यं हितार्थं ज्ञानकाङ्क्षया ।
परार्थं नाहरेद्द्रव्यमनामन्त्र्य तु सर्वथा।
न याचेत परान्धीरः स्वबाहुबलमाश्रयेत् ॥ १३.२१६.५८ ॥
Out of desire for knowledge and for welfare, one should always serve the elders. One should never take another's wealth without asking permission. The steadfast man should not beg from others, but rely on the strength of his own arms.
13.216.59
स्वशरीरं सदा रक्षेदाहाराचारयोरपि ।
हितं पथ्यं सदाहारं जीर्णं भुञ्जीत मात्रया ॥ १३.२१६.५९ ॥
One should always protect one's own body, in diet as well as in conduct. Eat wholesome, salutary food that is always easily digested, and eat in measure.
13.216.60
देवतातिथिसत्कारं कृत्वा सर्वं यथाविधि ।
शेषं भुञ्जेच्छुचिर्भूत्वा न च भाषेत विप्रियम् ॥ १३.२१६.६० ॥
Having duly honored the gods and guests in every way, one should eat the remainder while pure, and should not speak unpleasant words.
13.216.61
प्रतिश्रयं च पानीयं बलिं भिक्षां च सर्वतः ।
गृहस्थवासी सततं तद्याद्गाश्चैव पोषयेत् ॥ १३.२१६.६१ ॥
The householder should always give shelter, drinking water, offerings and alms to all, and he should also nourish the cows.
13.216.62
बहिर्निष्क्रमणं चैव कुर्यात्कारणतोपि वा ।
मध्याह्ने वाऽर्धरात्रे वा गमनाय न रोचयेत् ॥ १३.२१६.६२ ॥
He may go out when there is a reason, but he should not approve of going at midday or at midnight.
13.216.63
विषयान्नावगाहेत स्वशक्त्या तु समाचरेत् ।
यथाऽऽयव्ययता लोके गृहस्थानां प्रपूजितम् ॥ १३.२१६.६३ ॥
He should not plunge into sense-pleasures but act according to his own means; a balance of income and expenditure is highly praised among householders in the world.
13.216.64
अयशस्करमर्थघ्नं कर्म यत्परपीडनम् ।
भयाद्वा यदि लोभाद्वा न कुर्वीत कदाचन ॥ १३.२१६.६४ ॥
A deed that brings disgrace, destroys wealth, or causes pain to others, one should never do out of fear or out of greed.
13.216.65
बुद्धिपूर्वं समालोक्य दूरतो गुणदोषतः ।
आरभेत तदा कर्भ शुभं वा यदि वेतरत् ॥ १३.२१६.६५ ॥
Having carefully considered beforehand, with wisdom, the merits and faults of a deed, one should then begin the action, whether it is auspicious or otherwise.
13.216.66
आत्मसाक्षी भवेन्नित्यमात्मनस्तु शुभाशुभे ।
मनसा कर्मणा वाचा न च काङ्क्षेत पातकम् ॥ १३.२१६.६६ ॥
One should always be a witness to one's own good and evil, and should not desire sin by mind, deed, or speech.