Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.219
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13.219.1
भगवन्देवदेवेश मानुषेष्वेव केचन ।
ज्ञानविज्ञानसम्पन्ना बुद्धिमन्तो विचक्षणाः ॥ १३.२१९.१ ॥
O blessed lord, god of gods, among humans there are some who are endowed with knowledge and discernment, intelligent and clever.
13.219.2
दुर्गतास्तु प्रदृश्यन्ते यतमाना यथाविधि ।
केन कर्मविपाकेन तन्मे शंसितुमर्हसि ॥ १३.२१९.२ ॥
Yet they are seen fallen into misery though striving in accordance with rule. By what ripening of action is this so? You ought to declare it to me.
13.219.3
तदहं ते प्रवक्ष्यामि शृणु कल्याणि कारणम् ॥ १३.२१९.३ ॥
Therefore I will tell you the cause. Listen, O auspicious one.
13.219.4
ये पुरा मनुजा देवि श्रुतवन्तोपि केवलम् ।
निरा निरन्नाद्या भृशमात्मपरायणाः ॥ १३.२१९.४ ॥
O goddess, those people who formerly merely heard the teaching, were poor and without food and the like, and were greatly intent only on themselves,
13.219.5
ते पुनर्जन्मनि शुभे ज्ञानबुद्धियुता अपि ।
निष्किञ्चना भवन्त्येव अनुप्तं हि न रोहति ॥ १३.२१९.५ ॥
O auspicious one, in their next birth they become destitute, even though endowed with knowledge and intelligence; for what is not sown does not sprout.
13.219.6
मूर्खा लोके प्रदृश्यन्ते वृथा मूढा विचेतसः ।
ज्ञानविज्ञानरहिताः समृद्धाश्च समन्ततः।
केन कर्मविपाकेन तन्मे शंसितुमर्हसि ॥ १३.२१९.६ ॥
In the world, fools, vainly deluded and confused in mind, lacking knowledge and discernment, are seen prosperous on every side. By what ripening of action is this so? You ought to declare it to me.
13.219.7
ये पुरा मनुजा देवि बालिशा अपि सर्वतः ।
समाचरन्ति दानानि दीनानुग्रहकारणात् ॥ १३.२१९.७ ॥
O goddess, those men who in former times, though foolish, on every side practise gifts out of compassion for the wretched,
13.219.8
अबुद्धिपूर्वं वा दानं ददत्येव यतस्ततः ।
ते पुनर्जन्मनि शुभे प्राप्नुवन्त्येव तत्तथा ॥ १३.२१९.८ ॥
Those who give gifts without deliberate intention, or here and there, they indeed obtain precisely that same fruit in an auspicious rebirth.
13.219.9
पण्डितोऽपण्डितो वाऽपि भुङ्क्ते दानफलं नरः ।
बुद्ध्याऽनपेक्षितं दानं सर्वथा तत्फलत्युत ॥ १३.२१९.९ ॥
Whether learned or unlearned, a man enjoys the fruit of a gift; a gift not considered by the intellect yields that fruit in every way.
13.219.10
भगवन्देवदेवेश मानुषेष्वेव केचन ।
मेधाविनः श्रुतधरा भवन्ति विशदाक्षराः।
केन कर्मविपाकेन तन्मे शंसितुमर्हसि ॥ १३.२१९.१० ॥
O blessed lord, lord of the gods, among men some become intelligent, retainers of learning, of clear letters. By what ripening of deeds is this so? You should declare that to me.
13.219.11
ये पुरा मनुजा देवि गुरुशुश्रूषका भृशम् ।
ज्ञानार्थं ते तु सङ्गृह्य तीर्थतो विधिपूर्वकम् ॥ १३.२१९.११ ॥
O goddess, those men who in former times served their teachers greatly, for the sake of knowledge, having duly gathered (instruction) from a sacred source,
13.219.12
विधिनैव परांश्चैव ग्राहयन्ति च नान्यथा ।
अश्लाघमाना ज्ञानेन प्रशान्ता यतवाचकाः।
विद्यास्थानानि ये लोके स्थापयन्ति च यत्नतः ॥ १३.२१९.१२ ॥
Duly they also cause others to receive it, and not otherwise. Not boasting of their knowledge, calm and restrained in speech, they who in the world carefully establish the seats of learning,
13.219.13
तादृश मरणं प्राप्ताः पुनर्जन्मनि शोभने ।
मेधाविनः श्रुतधरा भवन्ति विशदाक्षराः ॥ १३.२१९.१३ ॥
Having met such a death, in a fair rebirth they become intelligent, retainers of what they have heard, with clear syllables.
13.219.14
अपरे मानुषा देव यतन्तोपि यतस्ततः ।
बहिष्कृताः प्रदृश्यन्ते श्रुतविज्ञानबुद्धितः।
केन कर्मविपाकेन तन्मे शंसितुमर्हसि ॥ १३.२१९.१४ ॥
O god, other men, though striving, are seen wandering here and there, cast out from learning, knowledge and understanding. By what ripening of action is this so? You ought to declare it to me.
13.219.15
ये पुरा मनुजा देवि ज्ञानदर्पसमन्विताः ।
श्लाघमानाश्च तत्प्राप्य ज्ञानाहङ्कारमोहिताः ॥ १३.२१९.१५ ॥
O goddess, those men of old who were endowed with the pride of knowledge, having obtained it, boasted of themselves, deluded by the egotism of knowledge,
13.219.16
वदन्ति ये परान्नित्यं ज्ञानाधिक्येन दर्पिताः ।
ज्ञानादसूयां कुर्वन्ति न सहन्ते च चापरान् ॥ १३.२१९.१६ ॥
Those who, always made proud by excess of knowledge, speak against others, envy others because of knowledge, and cannot bear others,
13.219.17
तादृशा मरणं प्राप्ताः पुनर्जन्मनि शोभने ।
मानुष्यं सुचिरात्प्राप्य तत्र बोधविवर्जिताः।
भवन्ति सततं देवि यतन्तो हीनमेधसः ॥ १३.२१९.१७ ॥
Such men, having met death, in a fair rebirth, after a long time obtaining human birth, become devoid of understanding there. O goddess, though striving, they are constantly of diminished intelligence.
13.219.18
भगवन्मानुषाः केचित्सर्वकल्याणसंयुताः ।
पुत्रैर्दारैर्गुणयुतैर्दासीदासपरिच्छदैः ॥ १३.२१९.१८ ॥
O blessed lord, some men are endowed with all blessings, with virtuous sons, wives, and a retinue of male and female servants.
13.219.19
परमं बुद्धिसंयुक्ताः स्थानैश्वर्यपरिग्रहैः ।
व्याधिहीना नबाधाश्च रूपारोग्यबलैर्युताः ॥ १३.२१९.१९ ॥
Endowed with supreme wisdom, possessing rank and sovereignty, free from disease and affliction, endowed with beauty, health and strength.
13.219.20
धनधान्येन सम्पन्नाः प्रासादैर्यानवाहनैः ।
सर्वोपभोगसंयुक्ता नानाचित्रैर्मनोहरैः ॥ १३.२१९.२० ॥
Abounding in wealth and grain, possessing mansions, vehicles and conveyances, endowed with every enjoyment, and with various delightful things.
13.219.21
ज्ञातिभिः सह मोदन्ते अविघ्नं तु दिनेदिने ।
केन कर्मविपाकेन तन्मे शंसितुमर्हसि ॥ १३.२१९.२१ ॥
They rejoice with their kinsmen, day after day, without hindrance. By the fruition of what action does this come about? You ought to tell me that.
13.219.22
तदहं ते प्रवक्ष्यामि शृणु सर्वं समाहिता ॥ १३.२१९.२२ ॥
Therefore I shall declare it to you. Listen to all of it with a concentrated mind.
13.219.23
ये पुरा मनुजा देवि आढ्या वा इतरेऽपि वा ।
श्रुतवृत्तसमायुक्ता दानकामाः श्रुतप्रियाः ॥ १३.२१९.२३ ॥
O goddess, those men of old, whether wealthy or otherwise, who were endowed with learning and good conduct, desirous of giving, and fond of learning.
13.219.24
परेङ्गितपरा नित्यं दातव्यमिति निश्चिताः ।
सत्यसन्धाः क्षमाशीला लोभमोहविवर्जिताः ॥ १३.२१९.२४ ॥
Attentive to the signs of others, resolved that one must always give, true to their vows, patient of disposition, free from greed and delusion.
13.219.25
दातारः पात्रतो दानं व्रतैर्नियमसंयुताः ।
स्वदुःखमिव संस्मृत्य परदुःखविवर्जिताः।
सौम्यशीलाः शुभाचारा देवब्राह्मणपूजकाः ॥ १३.२१९.२५ ॥
Givers who give to the worthy, endowed with vows and disciplines, recalling others' pain as their own and free from causing it, gentle in nature, of auspicious conduct, honoring gods and brahmins.
13.219.26
एवंशीलसमाचाराः पुनर्जन्मनि शोभने ।
दिवि वा भुवि वा देवि जायन्ते कर्मभोगिनः ॥ १३.२१९.२६ ॥
Those of such character and conduct are born, O goddess, in a fair rebirth, either in heaven or on earth, enjoying the fruits of their deeds.
13.219.27
मानुषेष्वपि ये जातास्तादृशाः सम्भवन्ति ते ।
यादृशास्तु तथा प्रोक्ताः सर्वे कल्याणसंयुताः ॥ १३.२१९.२७ ॥
Those born among humans also become such; as has been described, they are all endowed with goodness.
13.219.28
रूपं द्रव्यं बलं चायुर्भोगैश्वर्यं बलं श्रुतम् ।
इत्येतत्सर्वसाद्गुण्यं दानाद्भवति नान्यथा।
तपोदानमयं सर्वमिति विद्धि शुभानने ॥ १३.२१९.२८ ॥
Beauty, wealth, strength, long life, enjoyment and sovereignty, power and learning — all these excellences come from giving, and not otherwise. Know, O auspicious-faced one, that all this is made of austerity and gift.
13.219.29
अथ केचित्प्रदृश्यन्ते मानुषेष्वेव मानुषाः ।
दुर्गताः क्लेशभूयिष्ठा दानभोगविवर्जिताः ॥ १३.२१९.२९ ॥
Now, among humans themselves some are seen who are in misery, full of affliction, and devoid of giving and enjoyment.
13.219.30
भयैस्त्रिभिः समाजुष्टा व्याधिक्षुद्भयसंयुताः ।
दुष्कलत्राभिभूताश्च सततं विघ्नदर्शकाः।
केन कर्मविपाकेन तन्मे शंसितुमर्हसि ॥ १३.२१९.३० ॥
Beset by three kinds of fear, joined with disease, hunger and dread, overpowered by bad wives, and always seeing obstacles — by the ripening of which action does this come about? You ought to tell me that.
13.219.31
ये पुरा मनुजा देवि आसुरं भावमाश्रिताः ।
क्रोधलोभसमायुक्ता निरन्नाद्याश्च निष्क्रियाः ॥ १३.२१९.३१ ॥
Those men of old, O goddess, who took refuge in the demonic nature, endowed with anger and greed, without food and the like, and inactive —
13.219.32
नास्तिकाश्चैव धूर्ताश्च मूर्खाश्चात्मपरायणाः ।
परोपतापिनो देवि प्रायशः प्राणिनिर्दयाः ॥ १३.२१९.३२ ॥
Unbelievers, deceivers, fools, and intent on self, tormentors of others — O goddess, mostly merciless toward living beings.
13.219.33
एवंयुक्तसमाचाराः पुनर्जन्मनि शोभने ।
कथंचित्प्राप्य मानुष्यं तत्र ते दुःखपीडिताः ॥ १३.२१९.३३ ॥
Those of such conduct, O beautiful one, though somehow obtaining human birth in rebirth, there are afflicted by suffering.
13.219.34
सर्वतः सम्भवन्त्येव पूर्वमात्मप्रमादतः ।
यथा ते पूर्वकथितास्तथा ते सम्भवन्त्युत ॥ १३.२१९.३४ ॥
From every side they arise indeed, through their own heedlessness formerly; just as they were described before, so indeed do they arise.
13.219.35
शुभाशुभं कृतं कर्म सुखदुःखफलोदयम् ।
इति ते कथितं देवि भूयः श्रोतुं किमिच्छसि ॥ १३.२१९.३५ ॥
Good and evil action done, whose fruit is the rising of pleasure and pain — thus it has been told to you, O goddess. What more do you wish to hear again?