Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.222
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13.222.1
भगवन्देवदेवेश शूलपाणे वृषध्वज ।
पुंश्चल्य इव या स्त्रीषु नीचवृत्तिरताः स्मृताः।
केन कर्मविपाकेन तन्मे शंसितुमर्हसि ॥ १३.२२२.१ ॥
O blessed lord, lord of the gods, wielder of the trident, bull-bannered one! Among women, those called unchaste and delighting in base conduct — by what ripening of action do they become so? You ought to tell me this.
13.222.2
याः पुरा मनुजा देवि बुद्धिमोहसमन्विताः ।
कामरागसमायुक्ताः पतीनतिचरन्ति वै ॥ १३.२२२.२ ॥
O goddess, those who in the past were human beings, endowed with deluded understanding and joined with desire and passion, transgress against their husbands.
13.222.3
प्रतिकूलपरा यास्तु पतीन्प्रति यथा तथा ।
शौचं लज्जां तु विस्मृत्य यथेष्टपरिचारणाः ॥ १३.२२२.३ ॥
Those who, in whatever way, behave hostilely toward their husbands, forgetting purity and modesty, indulging in pleasures as they wish.
13.222.4
एवंयुक्तसमाचारा यमलोके सुदण्डिताः ।
यदि वै मानुषं जन्म लभेरंस्तास्तथाविधाः।
बहुसाधारणा एव पुंश्चल्यश्च भवन्ति ताः ॥ १३.२२२.४ ॥
Women of such conduct are severely punished in the realm of Yama. Even if they obtain human birth again, being of such a kind, they become unchaste women common to many.
13.222.5
पौश्चल्यं यत्तु तद्वृत्तं स्त्रीणां कष्टतमं स्मृतम् ।
ततःप्रभृति ता देवि पतन्त्येव न संशयः ॥ १३.२२२.५ ॥
That conduct of unchastity in women is said to be the most painful. From then on, O goddess, they indeed fall — there is no doubt.
13.222.6
शोचन्ति चेत्तु तद्वृत्तं मनसा हितमाप्नुयुः ।
भगवन्देवदेवेश प्रमदा विधवा भृशम्। ॥ १३.२२२.६ ॥
If they grieve in their minds over that conduct, they might obtain benefit. O blessed lord, lord of the gods! Women, especially widows, should grieve greatly.
13.222.7
दृश्यन्ते मानुषा लोके सर्वकल्याणवर्जिताः ।
केन कर्मविपाकेन तन्मे शंसितुमर्हसि ॥ १३.२२२.७ ॥
In the world, human beings are seen to be devoid of all well-being. By what fruition of action is this so? You ought to declare it to me.
13.222.8
याः पुरा मनुजा देवि बुद्धिमोहसमन्विताः ।
कुटुम्बं तत्र वे पत्युर्नाशयन्ति वृथा तथा ॥ १३.२२२.८ ॥
O goddess, those human beings who formerly were endowed with confused understanding there destroy the family of their husband in vain, likewise.
13.222.9
विषदाश्चाग्निदाश्चैव पतीन्प्रति सुनिर्दयाः ।
अन्यासां हि पतीन्यान्ति स्वपतिद्वेषकारणात् ॥ १३.२२२.९ ॥
Those women who are poisoners and arsonists, most merciless toward their husbands, out of hatred for their own husband go to the husbands of other women.
13.222.10
एवंयुक्तसमाचारा यमलोके सुदण्डिताः ।
निरयस्थाश्चिरं कालं कथंचित्प्राप्य मानुषम्।
तत्र ता भोगरहिता विधवास्तु भवन्ति वै ॥ १३.२२२.१० ॥
Those whose conduct is of this kind, severely punished in the realm of Yama and dwelling in hell for a long time, having somehow obtained human birth, there become widows deprived of enjoyment.
13.222.11
भगवन्प्रमदा लोके पत्यौ ज्ञातिषु सत्सुच ।
लिङ्गिन्यः सम्प्रदृश्यन्ते पाषण्डं मतमाश्रिताः।
केन कर्मविपाकेन तन्मे शंसितुमर्हसि ॥ १३.२२२.११ ॥
O lord, in the world women are seen, toward husbands, kinsmen and even the good, as ascetic-garbed renunciants, having taken up heterodox views. By what fruition of action is this so? You ought to declare it to me.
13.222.12
याः पुरा भावदोषेणि लोभमोहसमन्विताः ।
परद्रव्यपरा लोभात्परेषां द्रव्यहारकाः ॥ १३.२२२.१२ ॥
Those who formerly, through faults of disposition, were endowed with greed and delusion, intent on the property of others, and out of greed were thieves of others' property.
13.222.13
अभ्यसूयापरा यास्तु सपत्नीनां प्रदूषकाः ।
ईर्ष्यापराः कोपनाश्च बन्धूनां विफलाः सदा ॥ १३.२२२.१३ ॥
Women who are always intent on envy and fault-finding, who defile their co-wives, who are jealous and quick to anger, and who always fail their kinsmen.
13.222.14
एवंयुक्तसमाचाराः पुनर्जन्मनि ताः स्त्रियः ।
अलक्षणसमायुक्ताः पाषण्डं धर्ममाश्रिताः।
स्त्रियः प्रव्राजशीलाश्च भवन्त्येव न संशयः ॥ १३.२२२.१४ ॥
Such women, joined to such conduct, in a later birth, endowed with inauspicious marks, take refuge in heterodox doctrine; women become prone to renunciation, there is no doubt.
13.222.15
भगवन्मानुषाः केचित्कारुवृत्तिसमाश्रिताः ।
प्रदृश्यन्ते मनुष्येषु नीचकर्मरतास्तथा।
केन कर्मविपाकेन तन्मे शंसितुमर्हति ॥ १३.२२२.१५ ॥
O blessed lord, some humans are seen who live by craftsmanship and delight in base deeds among men; through the ripening of what karma does this come about? You ought to declare it to me.
13.222.16
ये पुरा मनुजा देवि स्तब्धमानयुता भृशम् ।
दर्पाहङ्कारसंयुक्ताः केवलात्मपरायणाः ॥ १३.२२२.१६ ॥
O goddess, the men of old who were filled with exceeding arrogant pride, joined to haughtiness and self-conceit, intent solely on themselves.
13.222.17
तादृशा मानुषा देवि पुनर्जन्मनि शोभने ।
कात्वो नटगन्धर्वाः सम्भवन्ति यथा तथा ॥ १३.२२२.१७ ॥
O goddess, such men are born in a fair rebirth as kātvas, actors and gandharvas, in just that manner.
13.222.18
नापिता बन्दिनश्चैव तथा वैतालिकाः प्रिये ।
एवंभूतास्त्वधोवृत्तिं जीवन्त्याश्रित्य मानवाः ॥ १३.२२२.१८ ॥
Beloved, barbers, bards and court-bards are likewise; such men, thus born, live by resorting to a low livelihood.
13.222.19
परप्रसाधनकरास्ते परैः कृतवेतनाः ।
परावमानस्य फलं भुञ्जते पौर्वदैहिकम् ॥ १३.२२२.१९ ॥
Those who adorn others, hired for wages by others, enjoy the fruit of dishonoring others in a former body.
13.222.20
भगवन्देवदेवेश मानुषेष्वेव केचन ।
दासभूताः प्रदृश्यन्ते सर्वकर्मपरा भृशम् ॥ १३.२२२.२० ॥
O blessed lord, lord of the gods, among humans some are seen as servants, wholly devoted to all kinds of labor.
13.222.21
आघातभर्त्सनसहाः पीड्यमानाश्च सर्वशः ।
केन कर्मविपाकेन तन्मे शंसितुमर्हसि ॥ १३.२२२.२१ ॥
Enduring blows and reproach, tormented in every way — by what ripening of karma does this happen? You ought to tell me this.
13.222.22
तदहं ते प्रवक्ष्यामि शृणु कल्याणि कारणम् ॥ १३.२२२.२२ ॥
Therefore I will tell you the cause; listen, O auspicious one.
13.222.23
ये पुरा मनुजा देवि परेषां वित्तहारकाः ।
ऋणवृद्धिकरं कृष्या न्यासदत्तं तथैव च ॥ १३.२२२.२३ ॥
O goddess, those humans who formerly were robbers of others' wealth, who made interest grow on debts through farming, and likewise appropriated what was given in trust as a deposit.
13.222.24
निक्षेपकारणाद्दत्तपरद्रव्यापहारिणः ।
प्रमादाद्विस्मृतं नष्टं परेषां धनहारकाः ॥ १३.२२२.२४ ॥
Those who, on account of a deposit, appropriated others' property given in trust, and through negligence claimed as forgotten or lost the wealth of others.
13.222.25
वधबन्धपरिक्लेशैर्दासत्वं कुर्वते परान् ।
तादृशा मरणं प्राप्ता दण्डिता यमशासनैः ॥ १३.२२२.२५ ॥
By killing, binding and torment they reduce others to servitude; such people, having reached death, are punished by the decrees of Yama.
13.222.26
कथञ्चित्प्राप्य मानुष्यं तत्र ते देवि सर्वथा ।
दासभूता भविष्यन्ति जन्मप्रभृति मानवाः ॥ १३.२२२.२६ ॥
Having somehow obtained human birth, O goddess, they will there be slaves in every way from the moment of birth.
13.222.27
तेषां कर्माणि कुर्वन्ति येषां ते धनहारकाः ।
आसमाप्तेः स्वपापस्य कुर्वन्तीति विनिश्चयः ॥ १३.२२२.२७ ॥
They perform the tasks of those whose wealth they stole, and they do so until their own sin is spent — this is certain.
13.222.28
पशुभूतास्तथा चान्ये भवन्ति धनहारकाः ।
तत्तथा क्षीयते कर्म तेषां पूर्वापराधजम्।
अतोऽन्यथा न तच्छक्यं कर्म भोक्तुं सुरासुरैः ॥ १३.२२२.२८ ॥
Others who are thieves of wealth become beasts; thus the karma born of their earlier offenses is exhausted. Therefore it cannot be otherwise experienced, not even by gods and demons.
13.222.29
किन्तु मोक्षविधिस्तेषां सर्वता तत्प्रसादनम् ।
अयथावन्मोक्षकामः पुनर्जन्मनि चेष्यते ॥ १३.२२२.२९ ॥
But their path to liberation is entirely to propitiate him; one who desires liberation yet does not conduct himself rightly is destined only for rebirth.
13.222.30
मोक्षकामी यथान्यायं कुर्वन्कर्माणि सर्वशः ।
भर्तुः प्रसादमाकाङ्क्षेदायासान्सर्वथा सहन् ॥ १३.२२२.३० ॥
One who desires liberation, performing all duties rightly, should seek the favor of the master, bearing every hardship in every way.
13.222.31
प्रीतिपूर्वं तु यो भर्त्रा मुक्तो मुक्तः स्वपापतः ।
तथाभूतान्कर्मकरान्सदा सन्तोषयेत्पतिः ॥ १३.२२२.३१ ॥
Those workers whom the master has freed with affection, freed from their own sin, the master should always keep content.
13.222.32
यथार्हं कारयेत्कर्म दण्डकारणतः क्षिपेत् ।
वृद्धान्बालांस्तथा क्षीणान्पालयन्धर्ममाप्नुयात् ॥ १३.२२२.३२ ॥
Let him have work done as is fitting, and dismiss only for a cause of punishment; one who protects the old, the children, and the weak obtains dharma.
13.222.33
इति ते कथितं देवि भूयः श्रोतुं किमिच्छसि ॥ १३.२२२.३३ ॥
Thus has this been told to you, O goddess. What else do you wish to hear again?