Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.225
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13.225.1
भगवन्भगनेत्रघ्न मानुषाणां विचेष्टितम् ।
सर्वमात्मकृतं चेति श्रुतं मे भगवन्मतम् ॥ १३.२२५.१ ॥
O lord, slayer of Bhaga's eyes, I have heard that all the doings of men are self-made; this is the lord's opinion.
13.225.2
लोके ग्रहकृतं सर्वं मत्वा कर्म शुभाशुभम् ।
तदेव ग्रहनक्षत्रं प्रायशः पर्युपासते।
एष मे संशयो देव तं मे त्वं छेत्तुमर्हसि ॥ १३.२२५.२ ॥
In the world, believing that all good and bad deeds are caused by the planets, people mostly worship those very planets and constellations. This is my doubt, O god; you ought to resolve it for me.
13.225.3
स्थाने संशयितं देवि शृणु तत्वविनिश्चयम् ॥ १३.२२५.३ ॥
You have rightly doubted, O goddess; now listen to the firm determination of the truth.
13.225.4
नक्षत्राणि ग्रहाश्चैव शुभाशुभनिवेदकाः ।
मानवानां महाभागे न तु कर्मकराः स्वयम् ॥ १३.२२५.४ ॥
The constellations and planets are only the announcers of men's good and evil, O greatly fortunate one; they are not themselves the doers of the deed.
13.225.5
प्रजानां तु हितार्थाय शुभाशुभविधिं प्रति ।
अनागतमतिक्रान्तं ज्योतिश्चक्रेण बोध्यते ॥ १३.२२५.५ ॥
For the welfare of the people, concerning the rule of good and bad, the future and the past are made known by the wheel of the heavens.
13.225.6
किन्तु तत्र शुभं कर्म सुग्रहैस्तु निवेद्यते ।
दुष्कृतस्याशुभैरेव समावायो भवेदिति ॥ १३.२२५.६ ॥
But there, a good deed is announced by the auspicious planets, and the association with an evil deed comes only through the inauspicious ones.
13.225.7
तस्मात्तु ग्रहवैषम्ये विषमं कुरुते जनः ।
ग्रहसाम्ये शुभं कुर्याज्ज्ञात्वाऽऽत्मानं तथा कृतम् ॥ १३.२२५.७ ॥
Therefore, when the planets are unfavourable, a man does unfavourable deeds; when the planets are in balance, he should do good, knowing that he himself has done it thus.
13.225.8
केवलं ग्रहनक्षत्रं न करोति शुभाशुभम् ।
सर्वमात्मकृतं कर्म लोकवादो ग्रहा इति ॥ १३.२२५.८ ॥
Planets and constellations alone do not bring about good or bad; all action is self-made; 'planets' is merely a worldly saying.
13.225.9
पृथग्ग्रहाः पृथक्कर्ता कर्ता स्वं भुञ्जते फलम् ।
इति ते कथितं सर्वं विशङ्कां जहि शोभने ॥ १३.२२५.९ ॥
The planets are separate, and the doers are separate; each doer enjoys his own fruit. All this has been told to you; O radiant one, abandon your doubt.
13.225.10
भगवन्विविधं कर्म कृत्वा जन्तुः शुभाशुभम् ।
किं तयोः पूर्वकतरं भुङ्क्ते जन्मान्तरे पुनः।
एष मे संशयो देव तं मे त्वं छेत्तुमर्हसि ॥ १३.२२५.१० ॥
O blessed Lord, having performed various good and bad deeds, which of the two does a living being enjoy first in another birth? O god, this is my doubt; you alone are fit to cut it away for me.
13.225.11
स्थाने संशयितं देवि तत्ते वक्ष्यामि तत्वतः ।
अशुभं पूर्वमित्याहुरपरे शुभमित्यपि। ॥ १३.२२५.११ ॥
Rightly have you doubted, O goddess; I shall tell you the truth of it. Some say the bad comes first, and others say the good comes first.
13.225.12
मिथ्या तदुभयं प्रोक्तं केवलं तद्ब्रवीमि ते ॥ १३.२२५.१२ ॥
Both of those have been declared false; this alone I tell you.
13.225.13
मानुषे तु पदे कर्म युगपद्भुज्यते सदा ।
यथाकृतं यथायोगमुभयं भुज्यते क्रमात् ॥ १३.२२५.१३ ॥
In the human state, deeds are always experienced together; as done and as fitting, both are enjoyed in succession.
13.225.14
भुञ्जानाश्चापि दृश्यन्ते क्रमशो भुवि मानवाः ।
ऋद्धिं हानिं सुखं दुःखं तत्सर्वमुभयं भयम् ॥ १३.२२५.१४ ॥
On earth men are seen enjoying in succession: prosperity and loss, happiness and sorrow — all of it, both, is fear.
13.225.15
दुःखान्यनुभवन्त्याढ्या दरिद्राश्च सुखानि च ।
यौगपद्याद्धि भुञ्जाना दृश्यन्ते लोकसाक्षिकम् ॥ १३.२२५.१५ ॥
The rich undergo sorrows and the poor enjoy pleasures; they are seen enjoying both together, as the world itself bears witness.
13.225.16
नरके स्वर्गलोके च न तथा संस्थितिः प्रिये ।
नित्यं दुःखं हि नरके स्वर्गे नित्यं सुखं तथा ॥ १३.२२५.१६ ॥
In hell and in the heavenly world the condition is not the same, beloved: in hell there is constant sorrow, and in heaven likewise constant happiness.
13.225.17
शुभाशुभानामाधिक्यं कर्मणां तत्र सेव्यते ।
निरन्तरं सुखं दुःखं स्वर्गे च नरके भवेत् ॥ १३.२२५.१७ ॥
There, the preponderance of good and bad deeds is what is experienced: in heaven there is unbroken happiness, and in hell unbroken sorrow.
13.225.18
तत्रापि सुमहद्भुक्त्वा पूर्वमल्पं पुनः शुभे ।
एतत्ते सर्वमाख्यातं किं भूयः श्रोतुमिच्छसि ॥ १३.२२५.१८ ॥
There too, first a very great amount is experienced and then a little again. Auspicious one, I have told you all of this; what more do you wish to hear?
13.225.19
भगवन्प्राणिनो लोके म्रियन्ते केन हेतुना ।
जाताजाता न तिष्ठन्ति तन्मे शंसितुमर्हसि ॥ १३.२२५.१९ ॥
O blessed one, why do living beings die in the world? Those born do not endure. It is fitting that you declare this to me.
13.225.20
तदहं ते प्रवक्ष्यामि शृणु सत्यं समाहिता ।
आत्मा कर्मक्षयाद्देहं यथा मुञ्चति तच्छृणु ॥ १३.२२५.२० ॥
Therefore I shall tell you. Listen to the truth with composed mind. Listen to how the soul releases the body when karma is exhausted.
13.225.21
शरीरात्मसमाहारो जन्तुरित्यभिधीयते ।
तत्रात्मानं नित्यमाहुरनित्यं क्षेत्रिमुच्यते ॥ १३.२२५.२१ ॥
The union of body and soul is called a living being. Of these, the soul is called eternal, and the non-eternal is called the field, the body.
13.225.22
एवं कालेन सङ्क्रान्तं शरीरं जर्झरीकृतम् ।
अकर्मयोग्यं संशीर्णं त्यक्त्वा देही ततो व्रजेत् ॥ १३.२२५.२२ ॥
Thus, when the body, worn by time, made decrepit, unfit for action, and decayed, has been abandoned, the embodied one then departs.
13.225.23
नित्यस्यानित्यसंत्यागाल्लोके तन्मरणं विदुः ।
कालं नातिक्रमेरन्हि सदेवासुरमानवाः ॥ १३.२२५.२३ ॥
The abandonment of the non-eternal by the eternal is known in the world as its death. Not even gods, demons and men can transgress time.
13.225.24
यथाऽऽकाशे न तिष्ठेत द्रव्यं किञ्चिदचेतनम् ।
तथा धावति कालोऽयं क्षणं किञ्चिन्न तिष्ठति ॥ १३.२२५.२४ ॥
Just as no insentient substance can remain in the sky, so this time runs on; not even for a moment does anything stay.
13.225.25
स पुनर्जायतेऽन्यत्र शरीरं नवमाविशन् ।
एवंलोकगतिर्नित्यमादिप्रभृति वर्तते ॥ १३.२२५.२५ ॥
He is born again elsewhere, entering a new body. Thus the course of the worlds has continued without end from the very beginning.
13.225.26
भगवन्प्राणिनो बाला दृश्यन्ते मरणं गताः ।
अतिवृद्धाश्च जीवन्तो दृश्यन्ते चिरजीविनः ॥ १३.२२५.२६ ॥
Venerable one, children are seen to meet death, while the very aged are seen to live on, long-lived.
13.225.27
केवलं कालमरणं न प्रमाणं महेश्वर ।
तस्मान्मे संशय ब्रूहि प्राणिनां जीवकारणम् ॥ १३.२२५.२७ ॥
Mahēśvara, death by time alone is no proof. Therefore, resolve my doubt and tell me the cause of living beings' life.
13.225.28
शृणु तत्कारणं देवि निर्णयस्त्वेक एव सः ।
जीर्णत्वमात्रं कुरुते कालो देहं न पातयेत् ॥ १३.२२५.२८ ॥
Listen, goddess, to that cause. The decision is this one alone: time only makes the body old; it does not bring it down.
13.225.29
जीर्णे कर्मणि संघातः स्वयमेव विशीर्यते ।
पूर्वकर्मप्रमाणेन जीवितं मृत्युरेव वा ॥ १३.२२५.२९ ॥
When the past karma is worn out, the aggregate of the body falls apart of its own accord. According to the measure of past karma there is life, or indeed death.
13.225.30
यावत्पूर्वकृतं कर्म तावज्जीवति मानवः ।
तत्र कर्मवशाद्बाला म्रियन्ते कालसंक्षयात् ॥ १३.२२५.३० ॥
A human lives as long as the karma done before remains. There, under the power of karma, children die through the exhaustion of their time.
13.225.31
चिरं जीवन्ति वृद्धाश्च तथा कर्मप्रमाणतः ।
इति ते कथितं देवि निर्विशङ्का भव प्रिये ॥ १३.२२५.३१ ॥
The aged live long, according to the measure of their karma. This has been told to you, O goddess; O beloved, be free of doubt.
13.225.32
भगवन्केन वृत्तेन भवन्ति चिरजीविनः ।
अल्पायुषो नराः केन तन्मे शंसितुमर्हसि ॥ १३.२२५.३२ ॥
O revered lord, by what conduct do men become long-lived, and by what do they become short-lived? You ought to declare that to me.
13.225.33
शृणु तत्सर्वमखिलं गुह्यं पथ्यतरं नृणाम् ।
येन वृत्तेन सम्पन्ना भवन्ति चिरजीविनः ॥ १३.२२५.३३ ॥
Listen to all of it, the whole secret teaching, most beneficial for men: the conduct by which people become endowed and long-lived.
13.225.34
अहिंसा सत्यवचनमक्रोधः क्षीन्तिरार्जवम् ।
गुरूणां नित्यशुश्रूषा वृद्धानामपि पूजनम् ॥ १३.२२५.३४ ॥
Non-violence, truthful speech, freedom from anger, patience, uprightness, constant service to teachers, and honouring of the elders.
13.225.35
शौचादकार्यसंत्यागात्सदा पथ्यस्य भोजनम् ।
एवमादिगुणं वृत्तं नराणां दीर्घजीविनाम् ॥ १३.२२५.३५ ॥
Through purity, abandoning what must not be done, and always eating wholesome food—such and similar qualities make up the conduct of men who are long-lived.
13.225.36
तपसा ब्रह्मचर्येण रसायननिषेवणात् ।
उदग्रसत्त्वा बलिनो भवन्ति चिरजीविनः।
स्वर्गे वा मानुषे वाऽपि चिरं तिष्ठन्ति धार्मिकाः ॥ १३.२२५.३६ ॥
By austerity, celibacy, and the use of rejuvenating medicines, the strong of lofty spirit become long-lived; the righteous remain for a long time, whether in heaven or among men.
13.225.37
अपरे पापकर्माणः प्रायशोऽनृतवादिनः ।
हिंसाप्रिया गुरुद्विष्टा निष्क्रियाः शौचवर्जिताः ॥ १३.२२५.३७ ॥
Others, doers of evil deeds, mostly speakers of falsehood, fond of violence, hateful to their teachers, inactive, and without purity.
13.225.38
नास्तिका घोरकर्माणः सततं मांसपानपाः ।
पापाचारा गुरुद्विष्टाः कोपनाः कलहप्रियाः ॥ १३.२२५.३८ ॥
Unbelievers, doers of terrible deeds, constantly drinkers of meat and liquor, of sinful conduct, hateful to their teachers, quick to anger, and fond of quarrels.
13.225.39
एवमेवाशुभाचारास्तिष्ठन्ति नरके चिरम् ।
तिर्यग्योनौ तथाऽत्यन्तमल्पास्तिष्ठन्ति मानवाः।
तस्मादल्पायुषो मर्त्यास्तादृशाः सम्भवन्ति ते ॥ १३.२२५.३९ ॥
In just this way, those of inauspicious conduct remain in hell for a long time, and likewise remain utterly for a long time in animal wombs; humans remain only briefly. Therefore such mortals are born short-lived.
13.225.40
अगम्यदेशगमनादपथ्यानां च भोजनात् ।
आयुःक्षयो भवेन्नॄणामायुःक्षयकरा हि ते ॥ १३.२२५.४० ॥
From going to forbidden places and from eating unwholesome things, men's span of life wastes away; for these are indeed the things that cause the loss of life.
13.225.41
भवन्त्यल्पायुषस्तैस्तैरन्यथा चिरजीविनः ।
एतत्ते कथितं सर्वं भूयः श्रोतुं किमिच्छसि ॥ १३.२२५.४१ ॥
By these various causes men become short-lived, and by the opposite conduct they become long-lived. All this has been told to you; what more do you wish to hear again?