Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.226
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13.226.1
देवदेव महादेव श्रुतं मे भगवन्निदम् ।
आत्मनो जातिसम्बन्धं ब्रूहि स्त्रीपुरुषान्तरम् ॥ १३.२२६.१ ॥
O god of gods, great god, blessed lord, I have heard this. Tell me of the self's connection with birth, and the difference between woman and man.
13.226.2
स्त्रीप्राणाः पुरुषप्राणा एकतः पृथगेव वा ।
एष मे संशयो देव तं मे छेत्तुं त्वमर्हसि ॥ १३.२२६.२ ॥
Are the life-breath of a woman and the life-breath of a man one, or are they separate? O god, this is my doubt; it is fitting that you should resolve it for me.
13.226.3
तदहं ते प्रवक्ष्यामि शृणु सर्वं समाहिता ।
स्त्रीत्वं पुंस्त्वमिति प्राणे स्थितिर्नास्ति शुभेक्षणे ॥ १३.२२६.३ ॥
Therefore I will tell you; listen to all of it with concentrated mind. O fair-eyed one, womanhood and manhood do not abide in the life-breath.
13.226.4
निर्विकारः सदैवात्मा स्त्रीत्वं पुंस्त्वं न चात्मनि ।
कर्मप्रकारेण तथा जात्यां जात्यां प्रजायते ॥ १३.२२६.४ ॥
The self is always unchanging; womanhood and manhood are not in the self. By the manner of its action, it is born again and again in each birth.
13.226.5
कृत्वा कर्म पुमान्स्त्री वा स्त्री पुमानपि जायते ।
स्त्रीभावं यत्पुमान्कृत्वा कर्मणा प्रमदा भवेत् ॥ १३.२२६.५ ॥
Having performed action, a man is born as a woman, and a woman is also born as a man. A man who, by his action, takes on womanhood becomes a woman.
13.226.6
भगवन्सर्वलोकेश कर्मात्मा न करोति चेत् ।
कोऽन्यः कर्मकरो देहे तन्मे त्वं वक्तुमर्हसि ॥ १३.२२६.६ ॥
O blessed lord, lord of all worlds! If the self made of action does not act, who else is the doer of action in the body? This you ought to tell me.
13.226.7
शृणु भामिनि कर्तारमात्मा हि न च कर्मकृत् ।
प्रकृत्या गुणयुक्तेन क्रियते कर्म नित्यशः ॥ १३.२२६.७ ॥
Listen, O lady: the self is not the doer, nor is it the agent of action. Action is always performed by nature, endowed with the qualities.
13.226.8
शरीरं प्राणिनां लोके यथा पित्तकफानिलैः ।
व्याप्तमेभिस्त्रिभिर्दोषैस्तथा व्याप्तं त्रिभिर्गुणैः ॥ १३.२२६.८ ॥
Just as the body of living beings in the world is pervaded by these three humours—bile, phlegm and wind—so it is pervaded by the three qualities.
13.226.9
सत्वं रजस्तमश्चैव गुणास्त्वेते शरीरिणः ।
प्रकाशात्मकमेतेषां सत्वं सततमिष्यते ॥ १३.२२६.९ ॥
Sattva, rajas and tamas—these are the qualities of embodied beings. Of these, sattva is always regarded as of a luminous nature.
13.226.10
रजो दुःखत्मकं तत्र तमो मोहात्मकं स्मृतम् ।
त्रिभिरेतैर्गुणैर्युक्तं लोके कर्म प्रवर्तते ॥ १३.२२६.१० ॥
Rajas is of a painful nature, and tamas is remembered as of a deluded nature. Endowed with these three qualities, action goes on in the world.
13.226.11
सत्यं प्राणिदया शौचं श्रेयः प्रीतिः क्षमा दमः ।
एवमादि तथाऽन्यश्च कर्म सात्विकमुच्यते ॥ १३.२२६.११ ॥
Truthfulness, compassion for living beings, purity, welfare, kindness, forbearance, self-restraint, and so on, and other such actions, are said to be of the sattva quality.
13.226.12
दाक्ष्यं कर्मपरत्वं च लोभो मोहो विधिं प्रति ।
कलत्रसङ्गो माधुर्यं नित्यमैश्वर्यलुब्धता।
रजसश्चोद्भवं चैतत्कर्म नानाविधं सदा ॥ १३.२२६.१२ ॥
Skill, devotion to action, greed, delusion towards ritual, attachment to a wife, the pursuit of pleasure, and constant eagerness for power—these arise from rajas; such action is always of many kinds.
13.226.13
अनृतं चैव पारुष्यं धृतिर्विद्वेषिता भृशम् ।
हिंसाऽसत्यं च नास्तिक्यं निद्रालस्यभयानि च।
तमसश्चोद्भवं चैतत्कर्म पापयुतं तथा ॥ १३.२२६.१३ ॥
Falsehood and harshness, intense hostility and obstinacy, violence, untruth and disbelief, sleep, sloth and fear: these arise from tamas, and the action accompanied by them is sinful.
13.226.14
तस्माद्गुणमयः सर्वः कार्यारम्भः शुभाशुभः ।
तस्मादात्मानमव्यग्रं विद्ध्यकर्तारमव्ययम् ॥ १३.२२६.१४ ॥
Therefore every undertaking of action, good and bad, is made of the guṇas. Therefore know the self to be undisturbed, a non-doer, and imperishable.
13.226.15
सात्विकाः पुण्यलोकेषु राजसा मानुषे पदे ।
तिर्यग्योनौ च नरके तिष्ठेयुस्तामसा नराः ॥ १३.२२६.१५ ॥
Men of sattva dwell in the worlds of merit, men of rajas in the human state, and men of tamas in animal wombs and in hell.
13.226.16
किमर्थमात्मा भिन्नेऽस्मिन्देहे शस्त्रेण वा हते ।
स्वयं प्रयास्यति तदा तन्मे शंसितुमर्हसि ॥ १३.२२६.१६ ॥
When this body is broken, or struck down by a weapon, for what reason does the self depart of its own accord? It is fitting that you tell me this.
13.226.17
तदहं ते प्रक्ष्यामि शृणु कल्याणि कारणम् ।
एतन्निर्णायकैश्चापि मुह्यन्ते सूक्ष्मबुद्धिभिः ॥ १३.२२६.१७ ॥
Therefore I will tell you that cause; listen, auspicious one. Even those who decide such matters, though subtle of mind, are bewildered by it.
13.226.18
कर्मक्षये तु सम्प्राप्ते प्राणिनां जन्मधारिणाम् ।
उपद्रवो भवेद्देहे येन केनापि हेतुना ॥ १३.२२६.१८ ॥
When the karma of beings who bear birth is exhausted, an affliction may befall the body from whatever cause it may be.
13.226.19
तन्निमित्तं शरीरी तु शरीरं प्राप्य संक्षयम् ।
अपयाति परित्यज्य ततः कर्मवशेन सः ॥ १३.२२६.१९ ॥
For this reason, the embodied being, when the body meets destruction, leaves it behind and departs, governed by karma.
13.226.20
देहक्षयेपि नैवात्मा वेदनाभिर्न चाल्यते ।
तिष्ठेत्कर्मफलं यावद्व्रजेत्कर्मक्षये पुनः ॥ १३.२२६.२० ॥
Even when the body perishes, the self is not shaken by pains; it remains as long as the fruit of action endures, and when action is exhausted it departs again.
13.226.21
आदिप्रभृति लोकेऽस्मिन्नेवमात्मगतिः स्मृता ।
एतत्ते कथितं देवि किं भूयः श्रोतुमिच्छसि ॥ १३.२२६.२१ ॥
From the beginning in this world, the course of the self has been taught in this way. This, goddess, I have told you; what more do you wish to hear?