Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.228
हिन्दी · தமிழ் · తెలుగు · ಕನ್ನಡ · മലയാളം · বাংলা · मराठी · ગુજરાતી · ਪੰਜਾਬੀ · ଓଡ଼ିଆ · اردو · English · Español · Français · Deutsch · Português · Русский · 中文 · 日本語 · العربية · Bahasa Indonesia · ไทย
13.228.1
भगवन्सर्वभूतेश लोके कर्मक्रियापथे ।
दैवात्प्रवर्तते सर्वमिति केचिद्व्यवस्थिताः ॥ १३.२२८.१ ॥
O blessed lord, lord of all beings, some hold firmly that in the world, on the path of action and deed, everything is set in motion by fate.
13.228.2
अपरे चेष्टया चेति दृष्ट्वा प्रत्यक्षतः क्रियाम् ।
पक्षभेदे द्विधा चास्मिन्संशयस्थं मनो मम।
तत्त्वं वद महादेव श्रोतुं कौतूहलं हि मे ॥ १३.२२८.२ ॥
Others hold that it comes about by effort, having seen the action directly. In this difference of views my mind is divided in two and rests in doubt. O great god, declare the truth; I am eager to hear it.
13.228.3
तदहं ते प्रवक्ष्यामि शृणु तत्वं समाहिता ।
तदेवं कुरुते कर्म लोके देवि शुभाशुभम् ॥ १३.२२८.३ ॥
Therefore I shall tell you; listen to the truth with a composed mind, O goddess. Thus in the world a person performs deeds both good and evil.
13.228.4
लक्ष्यते द्विविधं कर्म मानुषेष्वेव तच्छृणु ।
पुराकृतं तयोरेकमैहिकं त्वितरस्तथा ॥ १३.२२८.४ ॥
Among humans, action is seen to be of two kinds; listen to it. One of these is done in a former life, and the other likewise in this life.
13.228.5
अदृष्टपूर्वं यत्कर्म तद्दैवमिति लक्ष्यते ।
विहीनं दृष्टकरणं तन्मानुषमिति स्मृतम् ॥ १३.२२८.५ ॥
That action which has never been seen before is recognized as divine, fate. That which is devoid of a visible cause is remembered as human.
13.228.6
मानुषं तु क्रियामात्रं दैवात्सम्भवते फलम् ।
एवं तदुभयं कर्म मानुषं विद्धि तन्नृषु ॥ १३.२२८.६ ॥
A human's mere act is only an action, but its fruit arises from fate. Thus know both of these kinds of action as human among men.
13.228.7
लौकिकं तु प्रवक्ष्यामि दैवमानुषनिर्मितम् ।
कृषौ तु दृश्यते कर्म कर्षणं वपनं तथा ॥ १३.२२८.७ ॥
I shall now declare the worldly action, made both by fate and by human effort. In farming, action is seen: ploughing and sowing.
13.228.8
रोपणं चैव लवनं यच्चान्यत्पौरुषं स्मृतम् ।
दैवादसिद्धिश्च भवेद्दुष्कृतं चास्ति पौरुषे ॥ १३.२२८.८ ॥
Planting and harvesting, and whatever else is recalled as human effort. Through fate there may be failure, and in human effort too there is wrongdoing.
13.228.9
सुयत्नाल्लभ्यते कीर्तिर्दुर्यत्नादयशस्तथा ।
एवं लोकगतिर्देवि आदिप्रभृति वर्तते ॥ १३.२२८.९ ॥
Through good effort fame is won, and through bad effort disgrace. Thus, O goddess, the course of the world has persisted from the beginning.
13.228.10
भगवन्सर्वलोकेश सुरासुरनमस्कृत ।
कथमात्मा सदा गर्भं संविशेष्कर्मकारणात्।
तन्मे वद महादेव तद्धि गुह्यं परं मतम् ॥ १३.२२८.१० ॥
O blessed lord, lord of all worlds, revered by gods and demons! How does the self always enter the womb because of action? Tell me that, O great god, for it is held to be the supreme secret.
13.228.11
शृणु भामिनि तत्सर्वं गुह्यानां परमं प्रिये ।
देवगुह्यादपि परमात्मगुह्यमिति स्मृतम् ॥ १३.२२८.११ ॥
Listen, O lady: that is the supreme of all secrets, O beloved. The secret of the supreme self is recalled as higher even than the secret of the gods.
13.228.12
देवासुरास्तन्न विदुरात्मनो हि गतागतम् ।
अदृश्यो हि सदैवात्मा जनैः सौक्ष्म्यान्निराश्रयात् ॥ १३.२२८.१२ ॥
Even gods and demons do not know the coming and going of the self. The self is always unseen, by people, because of its subtlety and because it has no support.
13.228.13
अतिमायेति मायानामात्ममाया सेदष्यते ।
सोयं चतुर्विधां जातिं संविशत्यात्ममायया।
मैथुनं शोणितं बीजं दैवमेवात्र कारणम् ॥ १३.२२८.१३ ॥
This is the illusion beyond all illusions; among illusions, the self-illusion alone is seen. By his own illusion he enters the fourfold kinds of birth. Sexual union, blood and seed — here, fate alone is the cause.
13.228.14
बीजशोणितसंयोगे यदा सम्भवते शुभे ।
तदाऽऽत्मा विशते गर्भमेवमण्डजरायुजे ॥ १३.२२८.१४ ॥
When, in the union of seed and blood, a womb arises, O auspicious one, then the soul enters the womb — so it is with egg-born and womb-born beings.
13.228.15
एवं संयोगकाले तु आत्मा गर्भत्वमेयिवान् ॥ १३.२२८.१५ ॥
Thus, at the moment of union, the soul attains the state of an embryo.
13.228.16
कलिलाज्जायते पिण्डं पिण्डात्पेश्यर्बुदं भवेत् ।
व्यक्तिभावगतं चैव कर्म त्वाश्रयते क्रमात् ॥ १३.२२८.१६ ॥
From the kalala arises a lump; from the lump comes a flesh-mass and a bubble-like swelling. Having attained manifest form, action gradually takes refuge in it.
13.228.17
एवं विवर्धमानेन कर्मात्मा सह वर्धते ।
एवमात्मगतिं विद्धि यन्मां पृच्छसि सुप्रभे ॥ १३.२२८.१७ ॥
Thus, as it grows, the self of action grows along with it. O radiant one, know the course of the soul in this way — the thing you ask me about.
13.228.18
रोपणं चैव लवनं यच्चान्यत्पौरुषं स्मृतम् ॥ १३.२२८.१८ ॥
Sowing and reaping, and whatever else is remembered as human effort —
13.228.19
काले वृष्टिः सुवापं च प्ररोहः पक्तिरेव च ।
एवमादि तु यच्चान्यत्तद्दैवतमिति स्मृतम् ॥ १३.२२८.१९ ॥
Timely rain, good sowing, sprouting and ripening, and whatever else is of this kind, is declared to belong to fate.
13.228.20
पञ्चभूतस्थितिश्चैव ज्योतिषामयनं तथा ।
अबुद्धिगम्यं यन्मर्त्यैर्हेतुभिर्वा न विद्यते ॥ १३.२२८.२० ॥
The standing of the five elements and the course of the luminaries, which is not grasped by human intellect, or whose causes are not known.
13.228.21
तादृशं कारणं दैवं शुभं वा यदि वेतरत् ।
यादृशं चात्मना शक्यं तत्पौरुषमिति स्मृतम् ॥ १३.२२८.२१ ॥
Such a cause is fate, whether auspicious or otherwise; and what can be accomplished by oneself is declared to be human effort.
13.228.22
केवलं फलनिष्पत्तिरेकेन तु न शक्यते ।
पौरुषेणैव दैवेनि युगपद्ग्रथितं प्रिये।
तयोः समाहितं कर्म शीतोष्णं युगपत्तथा ॥ १३.२२८.२२ ॥
The result cannot be accomplished by one alone; human effort and fate are woven together, my beloved. The action joined from both is like cold and heat occurring together.
13.228.23
पौरुषं तु तयोः पूर्वमारब्धव्यं विजानता ।
आत्मना तु न शक्यं हि न तथा कीर्तिमाप्नुयात् ॥ १३.२२८.२३ ॥
One who understands should first undertake human effort among these two; what cannot be done by oneself is not possible, and thus one would not attain fame.
13.228.24
खननान्मथनाल्लोके जलाग्निप्रापणं यथा ।
तथा पुरुषकारे तु दैवसम्पत्समाहिता ॥ १३.२२८.२४ ॥
Just as in the world water and fire are obtained by digging and churning, so too in human exertion the fortune of fate is combined.
13.228.25
नरस्याकुर्वतः कर्म दैवसम्पन्न लभ्यते ।
तस्मात्सर्वसमारम्भो दैवमानुषनिर्मितः ॥ १३.२२८.२५ ॥
A man who does not act does not obtain the wealth that comes from fate. Therefore every undertaking is made by fate and by human effort.
13.228.26
असुरा राक्षसाश्चैव मन्यन्ते लोकनाशनाः ।
पश्यन्ते न च ते पापाः केवलं मांसभक्षणाः ॥ १३.२२८.२६ ॥
The asuras and rakshasas, destroyers of the worlds, think so. Those sinners, who are only flesh-eaters, see nothing.
13.228.27
प्रच्छादितं हि तत्सर्वं गूढमाया हि देवताः ।
तदहं ते प्रवक्ष्यामि देवि गुह्यं पुरस्सरम् ॥ १३.२२८.२७ ॥
All of that is concealed, for the gods possess hidden illusion. Therefore, O goddess, I will tell you that foremost secret.
13.228.28
आदिकाले नराः सर्वे कृत्वा कर्म शुभाशुभम् ।
भुञ्जते पश्यमानास्ते वृत्तान्तं लोकयोर्द्वयोः ॥ १३.२२८.२८ ॥
In the beginning all men, having done good and bad deeds, enjoyed their fruits while watching what happens in both worlds.
13.228.29
यथैवात्मकृतं विद्युर्देशान्तरगता नराः ।
विद्युस्तथैवान्तकाले सुकृतं पौर्वदैहिकम् ॥ १३.२२८.२९ ॥
Just as men who have gone to other lands know what they themselves have done, so at the time of death men know the good deeds of their former body.
13.228.30
एवं व्यवस्थिते लोके सर्वे धर्मरताऽभवन् ।
अचिरेणैव कालेन स्वर्गः सम्पूरितस्तदा ॥ १३.२२८.३० ॥
When the world was thus ordered, all became devoted to dharma, and before long heaven was filled.
13.228.31
देवानामपि सम्बाधं दृष्ट्वा ब्रह्माऽप्यचिन्तयत् ।
सञ्चरन्ते कथं स्वर्गं मानुषाः प्रविशन्ति हि ॥ १३.२२८.३१ ॥
Seeing the crowding even among the gods, Brahmā too reflected: how will humans move about in heaven and enter it?
13.228.32
इत्येवमनुचिन्त्यैव मानुषान्सममोहयत् ।
तदाप्रभृति ते मर्त्या न विदुस्ते पुराकृतम् ॥ १३.२२८.३२ ॥
Having thus reflected, he utterly deluded humans; from that time on, those mortals did not know their past deeds.
13.228.33
कामक्रोधौ तु तत्काले मानुषेष्ववपातयत् ।
ताभ्यामभिहता मर्त्याः स्वर्गलोकं न पेदिरे ॥ १३.२२८.३३ ॥
But at that very time he cast desire and anger upon humans; struck by these, the mortals did not reach the heavenly world.
13.228.34
पुराकृतस्याविज्ञानात्कामक्रोधाभिपीडिताः ।
नैतदस्तीति मन्वाना विकारंश्चक्रिरे पुनः ॥ १३.२२८.३४ ॥
Not knowing their past deeds, afflicted by desire and anger, thinking "this does not exist," they again committed transgressions.
13.228.35
अकार्यादिमहादोषानाहरन्त्यात्मकारणात् ।
विस्मृत्य धर्मकार्याणि परलोकभयं तदा ॥ १३.२२८.३५ ॥
For the sake of self they brought upon themselves great faults such as improper deeds; forgetting the works of dharma, then they had no fear of the next world.
13.228.36
एवं व्यवस्थिते लोके कश्मलं समपद्यत ।
लोकानां चैव देवानां क्षयायैव तथा प्रिये।
नरकाः पूरिताश्चासन्प्राणिभिः पापकारिभिः ॥ १३.२२८.३६ ॥
When the world was thus ordered, confusion arose; and, my beloved, for the ruin of the worlds and the gods alike, the hells were filled with living beings who did evil.
13.228.37
पुनरेव तु तान्दृष्ट्वा लोककर्ता पितामहः ।
अचिन्तयत्तमेवार्थं लोकानां हितकारणात्।
समत्वेन कथं लोके वर्तेतेति मुहुर्मुहुः ॥ १३.२२८.३७ ॥
Seeing them again, the grandfather, creator of the worlds, repeatedly considered for the welfare of the worlds how the world might proceed with equanimity.
13.228.38
चिन्तयित्वा तदा ब्रह्मा ज्ञानेन तपसा प्रिये ।
अकरोज्ज्ञानदृश्यं तत्परलोकं न चक्षुषा ॥ १३.२२८.३८ ॥
Then, my beloved, Brahmā reflected, and by knowledge and austerity he made that other world perceptible through knowledge, not through the eye.
13.228.39
भगवन्मृतमात्रस्तु योयं जात इति स्मृतः ।
तथैव दृश्यते जातस्तत्रात्मा तु कथं भवेत् ॥ १३.२२८.३९ ॥
Blessed lord, the one who is merely dead and the one who is said to be born look just the same; then how can there be a soul in that?
13.228.40
गर्भादावेव संविष्ट आत्मा तु भगवन्मम ।
एष मे संशयो देव तन्मे छेत्तुं त्वमर्हसि ॥ १३.२२८.४० ॥
Blessed lord, the soul enters right at the beginning in the womb. Divine one, this is my doubt; it is fitting that you resolve it for me.
13.228.41
तदहं ते प्रवक्ष्यामि शृणु तत्वं समाहिता। ॥ १३.२२८.४१ ॥
Therefore I shall tell you; listen to the truth with a composed mind.
13.228.42
अन्यो गर्भगतो भूत्वा तत्रैव निधनं गतः ।
पुनरन्यच्छरीरं तत्प्रविश्य भुवि जायते।
तत्वविन्नैव सर्वस्तु दैवयोगस्तु सम्भवेत् ॥ १३.२२८.४२ ॥
One enters the womb, dies right there, and then, entering another body, is born upon the earth. Not everyone is a knower of the truth, yet a divine conjunction may come about.
13.228.43
सूतिकाया हितार्थं च मोहनार्थं च देहिनाम् ।
समकर्मविधानत्वादित्येवं विद्धि शोभने ॥ १३.२२८.४३ ॥
O fair one, know that birth from the womb is ordained both for the welfare and for the bewilderment of embodied beings, since the arrangement of actions is the same for all.
13.228.44
काङ्क्षमाणास्तु नरकं भुक्त्वा केचित्प्रयान्ति हि ।
मायासंयामिका नाम यज्जन्ममरणान्तरे।
इति ते कथितं देवि भूयः श्रोतुं किमिच्छसि ॥ १३.२२८.४४ ॥
Some who desire hell go on after enduring it; it is called the Māyā-saṃyāmikā, which lies between birth and death. O goddess, this has been told to you. What more do you wish to hear?
13.228.45
भगवन्सर्वलोकेश लोकनाथ वृषध्वज ।
नास्त्यात्मा कर्मभोक्तेति मृतो जन्तुर्न जायते ॥ १३.२२८.४५ ॥
O blessed lord, lord of all worlds, lord of the worlds, bull-bannered one! Is there no soul that enjoys the fruits of deeds? Does a creature that has died not take birth again?
13.228.46
स्वभावाज्जायते सर्वं यथा वृक्षफलं तथा ।
यथोर्मयः सम्भवन्ति तथैव जगदाकृतिः ॥ १३.२२८.४६ ॥
As fruit arises from a tree by its own nature, so everything arises by nature; as waves arise, so too the form of the world arises.
13.228.47
तपोदानानि यत्कर्म तत्र तद्दृश्यते वृथा ।
नास्ति पौनर्भवं जन्म इति केचिद्व्यवस्थिताः ॥ १३.२२८.४७ ॥
Acts such as austerity and gifts there appear to be in vain; and some have settled into the view that there is no rebirth.
13.228.48
परोक्षवचनं श्रुत्वा न प्रत्यक्षस्य दर्शनात् ।
तत्सर्वं नास्तिनास्तीति संशयस्थास्तथा परे ॥ १३.२२८.४८ ॥
Having heard indirect statements, and not seeing what is directly perceived, some stand in doubt, saying, 'All that is not, it is not,' and others likewise.
13.228.49
पक्षभेदान्तरे चास्मिंस्तत्वं मे वक्तुमर्हसि ।
उक्तं भगवता यत्तु तत्तु लोकस्य संस्थितिः ॥ १३.२२८.४९ ॥
Even in this divergence of views, you ought to tell me the truth. What the Blessed Lord has declared is indeed the established order of the world.
13.228.50
प्रश्नमेतत्तु पृच्छत्या रुद्राण्या परिषत्तदा ।
कौतूहलयुता श्रोतुं समाहितमनाऽभवत् ॥ १३.२२८.५० ॥
When Rudrāṇī asked this question, the assembly, full of curiosity, became attentive with a focused mind, eager to hear.
13.228.51
नैतदस्ति महाभागे यद्वदन्तीह नास्तिकाः ।
एतदेवाभिशस्तानां श्रुतविद्वेषिणां मतम् ॥ १३.२२८.५१ ॥
No, O greatly fortunate one, it is not so, as the atheists here say. That is precisely the view of those condemned, hostile to scripture.
13.228.52
सर्वमर्थं श्रुतं दृष्टं यत्प्रागुक्तं मया तव ।
तदाप्रभृति मर्त्यानां श्रुतमाश्रित्य पण्डिताः ॥ १३.२२८.५२ ॥
All the meaning I told you before was heard and seen. From that time onward, the wise, relying on scripture, walk for the sake of mortals.
13.228.53
कामान्संछिद्य परिगान्धृत्या वै परमासिना ।
अभियान्त्येव ते स्वर्गं पश्यन्तः कर्मणः पलम् ॥ १३.२२८.५३ ॥
Having cut through desires and their enclosing bonds with the supreme sword of steadfastness, seeing the fruit of action, they indeed go toward heaven.
13.228.54
एवं श्रद्धाफलं लोके परतः सुमहत्फलम् ।
बुद्धिः श्रद्धा च विनयः कारणानि हितैषिणाम् ॥ १३.२२८.५४ ॥
Thus the fruit of faith is very great, in this world and beyond. Understanding, faith and humility are the causes for those who seek welfare.
13.228.55
तस्मात्स्वर्गाभिगन्तारः कतिचित्त्वभवन्नराः ।
अन्ये करणहीनत्वान्नास्तिक्यं भावमाश्रिताः ॥ १३.२२८.५५ ॥
Therefore only a few men went to heaven; others, lacking the faculties, took refuge in the attitude of unbelief.
13.228.56
श्रुतविद्वेषिणो मूर्खा नास्तिका दृढनिश्चयाः ।
निष्क्रियास्तु निरन्नादाः पतन्त्येवाधमां गतिम् ॥ १३.२२८.५६ ॥
Fools hostile to learning, unbelievers, firm in their conviction, inactive, and eaters of food not offered, fall indeed to the lowest destination.
13.228.57
नास्त्यस्तीति पुनर्जन्म कवयोऽप्यत्र मोहिताः ।
नाधिगच्छन्ति तन्नित्यं हेतुवादशतैरपि ॥ १३.२२८.५७ ॥
'Rebirth exists' or 'it does not' — even the wise are deluded here; even by hundreds of arguments they never attain that eternal truth.
13.228.58
एषा ब्रह्मकृता माया दुर्विज्ञेया सुरासुरैः ।
किंपुनर्मानवैर्लोके ज्ञातुकामैः कुबुद्धिभिः ॥ १३.२२८.५८ ॥
This illusion was made by Brahmā, hard to understand even for gods and demons; how much more so for ill-minded humans in the world who wish to know it?
13.228.59
केवलं श्रद्धया देवि श्रुतमात्मनिविष्टया ।
ततोस्तीऽत्येव मन्तव्यं तथा हितमवाप्नुयात् ॥ १३.२२८.५९ ॥
O goddess, with faith alone, and fixed in the self, one should hold as real what has been heard; thus one obtains the good.
13.228.60
दैवगुह्येषु चान्येषु हेतुर्देवि निरर्थकः ।
बधिरान्धवदेवात्र वर्तितव्यं हितैषिणा।
एतत्ते कथितं देवि ऋषिगुह्यं प्रजाहितम् ॥ १३.२२८.६० ॥
O goddess, in divine mysteries and in other matters reasoning is fruitless; here one who seeks welfare should conduct himself like the deaf and the blind. O goddess, this secret of the sages, beneficial to creatures, has been told to you.