Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.230
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13.230.1
भगवंस्ते कथं तत्र दण्ड्यन्ते नरकेषु वै ।
कति ते नरका घोराः कीदृशास्ते महेश्वर ॥ १३.२३०.१ ॥
O revered lord, how are they punished there in the hells? How many are your terrible hells, and of what kind are they, O Maheśvara?
13.230.2
शृणु भामिनि तत्सर्वं पञ्चैते नरकाः स्मृताः ।
भूमेरधस्ताद्विहिता घोरा दुष्कृतकर्मणाम् ॥ १३.२३०.२ ॥
Listen, O graceful lady: these five terrible hells are declared to have been established beneath the earth for those who do evil deeds.
13.230.3
प्रथमं रौरवं नाम शतयोजनमायतम् ।
तावत्प्रमाणविस्तीर्णं तामसं पापपीडितम् ॥ १३.२३०.३ ॥
The first is named Raurava, a hundred yojanas in length and as wide as that measure; it is dark, afflicted with sin.
13.230.4
भृशं दुर्गन्धि परुषं क्रिमिभिर्दारुणैर्वृतम् ।
अतिघोरमनिर्देश्यं प्रतिकूलं ततस्ततः ॥ १३.२३०.४ ॥
It is exceedingly foul-smelling and harsh, covered with fierce worms. It is most terrible, indescribable, and hostile on every side.
13.230.5
ते चिरं तत्र तिष्ठन्ति न तत्र शयनासने ।
क्रिमिभिर्भक्ष्यमाणाश्च विष्ठागन्धसमायुताः ॥ १३.२३०.५ ॥
They remain there for a long time, with no bed or seat for rest; devoured by worms and steeped in the stench of excrement.
13.230.6
एवंप्रमाणमुद्विग्ना यावत्तिष्ठन्ति तत्र ते ।
यातनाभ्यो दशगुणं नरके दुःखमिष्यते ॥ १३.२३०.६ ॥
For as long as they remain there, distressed in a place of such extent, the suffering in hell is said to be ten times greater than the torments themselves.
13.230.7
तत्र चात्यन्तिकं दुःखमिष्यते च शुभेक्षणे ।
क्रोशन्तश्च रुद्रन्तश्च वेदनास्तत्रि भुञ्जते ॥ १३.२३०.७ ॥
There, unending suffering is said to be, O fair-eyed one. Crying out and weeping, they endure torments there.
13.230.8
भ्रमन्ति दुःखमोक्षार्थं ज्ञाता कश्चिन्न विद्यते ।
दुःखस्यान्तरमात्रं तु ज्ञानं वा न च लभ्यते ॥ १३.२३०.८ ॥
They wander seeking release from suffering, but no one who knows is found. Not even a mere pause in the suffering is there, nor is knowledge obtained.
13.230.9
महारौरवसंज्ञं तु द्वितीयं नरकं प्रिये ।
तस्माद्द्विगुणितं विद्धि माने दुःखे च रौरवात् ॥ १३.२३०.९ ॥
The second hell, O beloved, is named Mahāraurava. Know that its suffering is twice that of Raurava.
13.230.10
तृतीयं नरकं तत्र कण्टिकावनसंज्ञितम् ।
ततो द्विगुणितं तच्च पूर्वाभ्यां दुःखमानयोः।
महापातकसंयुक्ता घोरास्तस्मिन्विशन्ति हि ॥ १३.२३०.१० ॥
The third hell there is named the Forest of Thorns. It is twice the suffering and measure of the two before it. Terrible beings joined to great sins enter it.
13.230.11
अग्निकुण्डमिति ख्यातं चतुर्थं नरकं प्रिये ।
एतद्द्विगुणितं तस्माद्यथानिष्टसुखं तथा ॥ १३.२३०.११ ॥
The fourth hell, known as the Fire-Pit, O beloved, is twice that one, just as the unwelcome pleasure is.
13.230.12
ततो दुःखं हि सुमहदमानुषमिति स्मृतम् ।
भुञ्जते तत्रतत्रैव दुःखं दुष्कृतकारिणः ॥ १३.२३०.१२ ॥
Then, the immense, superhuman suffering is recalled as such. Here and there, the doers of evil deeds endure suffering.
13.230.13
तत्र दुःखमनिर्देश्यं वहद्धोरं यथा तथा ।
पञ्चेन्द्रियैरसम्बाधात्पञ्चकष्टमिति स्मृतम्।
भुञ्जते तत्रतत्रैव दुःखं दुष्कृतकारिणः ॥ १३.२३०.१३ ॥
There is suffering beyond description, terrible in its bearing. Because the five senses are unrestrained, it is remembered as five-fold pain. Those who have done evil deeds experience suffering right there, here and there.
13.230.14
अमानुषार्हजं दुःखं महाभूतैश्च भुञ्जते ।
अतिघोरं चिरं कृत्वा महाभूतानि यान्ति तम् ॥ १३.२३०.१४ ॥
They experience the suffering fit for non-human beings, and suffering caused by the great elements. Having inflicted the most terrible suffering for a long time, the great elements reach that state.
13.230.15
पञ्च् कष्टेन हि समं नास्ति दुःखं तथा परम् ।
दुःखस्थानमिति प्राहुः पञ्चकष्टमिति प्रिये ॥ १३.२३०.१५ ॥
There is no other suffering equal to the five-fold pain. They call it the place of suffering; this, beloved, is called the five-fold pain.
13.230.16
एवं त्वेतेषु तिष्ठन्ति प्राणिनोः दुःखभागिनः ।
अन्ये च नरकाः सन्ति अवीचिप्रमुखाः प्रिये ॥ १३.२३०.१६ ॥
Thus living beings who share in suffering remain within these. There are also other hells, led by Avīci, beloved.
13.230.17
क्रोशन्तश्च रुदन्तश्च वेदनर्ता भृशातुराः ।
केचिद्भमन्तश्चेष्टन्ते केचिद्धावन्ति चातुराः ॥ १३.२३०.१७ ॥
Crying out and weeping, tormented by pain and deeply distressed; some wander about and struggle, and some run in anguish.
13.230.18
आधावन्तो निवार्यन्ते शूलहस्तैर्यतस्ततः ।
रुजार्दितास्तृषायुक्ताः प्राणिनः पापकारिणः ॥ १३.२३०.१८ ॥
Those who run toward them are restrained here and there by men with tridents in their hands. Living beings tormented by sickness and afflicted with thirst, doers of sin.
13.230.19
यावत्पूर्वकृतं तावन्न मुच्यन्ते कथञ्चन ।
क्रिमिभिर्भक्ष्यमाणाश्च वेदनार्तास्तृषान्विताः ॥ १३.२३०.१९ ॥
As long as their former sin lasts, they are not freed in any way, devoured by worms, tormented by pain and overcome by thirst.
13.230.20
संस्मरन्तः स्वकं पापं कृतमात्मापराधजम् ।
शोचन्तस्तत्र तिष्ठन्ति यावत्पापक्षयं प्रिये।
एवं भुक्त्वा तु नरकं मुच्यन्ते पापसंक्षयात् ॥ १३.२३०.२० ॥
Recalling the sin they committed, which arose from their own offence, they remain there grieving until their sin is spent, O beloved. Having thus endured hell, they are freed through the destruction of sin.
13.230.21
भगवन्कतिकालं ते तिष्ठन्ति नरकेषु वै ॥ १३.२३०.२१ ॥
O Lord, for how long do they indeed remain in the hells?
13.230.22
शतवर्षसहस्राणामादिं कृत्वा हि जन्तवः ।
तिष्ठन्ति नरकावासाः प्रलयान्तमिति स्थितिः ॥ १३.२३०.२२ ॥
Beginning with hundreds of thousands of years, living beings dwell in the hells; such is the duration, lasting until the end of dissolution.
13.230.23
भगवंस्तेषु के तत्र तिष्ठन्तीति वद प्रभो ॥ १३.२३०.२३ ॥
O Lord, who among them remain there? O Lord, tell me.
13.230.24
रौरवे शतसाहस्रं वर्षाणामिति संस्थितिः ।
मानुषघ्नाः कृतघ्नाश्च तथैवानृतवादिनः ॥ १३.२३०.२४ ॥
In the Raurava hell the sojourn is a hundred thousand years; so too for those who kill men, the ungrateful, and speakers of falsehood.
13.230.25
द्वितीये द्विगुणं कालं पच्यन्ते तादृशा नराः ।
महापातकयुक्तास्तु तृतीये दुःखमाप्नुयुः ॥ १३.२३०.२५ ॥
In the second, such men are cooked for twice that time; but those laden with great sins suffer pain in the third.
13.230.26
एतावन्मानुषसहं परमन्येषु लक्ष्यते ॥ १३.२३०.२६ ॥
Men can bear only this much; more than this is seen in others.
13.230.27
यक्षा विद्याधराश्चैव काद्रवेयाश्च किंनराः ।
गन्धर्वभूतसङ्घाश्च तेषां पापयुता भृशम्।
चतुर्थे परिपच्यन्ते तादृशा नरकाः स्मृताः ।
चतुर्थे परितप्यन्ते यावद्युगविपर्ययः। ॥ १३.२३०.२७ ॥
Yakṣas, vidyādharas, the sons of Kadru (the serpents), kinnaras, and hosts of gandharvas and spirits who are heavily laden with sin are thoroughly cooked in the fourth; such are the hells said to be. In the fourth they are tormented until the reversal of the age.
13.230.28
सहन्तस्तादृशं घोरं पञ्चकष्टे तु यादृशम् ।
तत्रास्य चिरदुःखस्य ह्यधोन्यान्विद्धि मानुषान् ॥ १३.२३०.२८ ॥
Enduring a terror just like that of the fifth torment, know that there, below this long suffering, are human beings.
13.230.29
एवं ते नरकान्भुक्त्वा तत्र क्षपितकल्मषाः ।
नरकेभ्यो विमुक्ताश्च जायन्ते कृमिजातिषु ॥ १३.२३०.२९ ॥
Thus, having experienced those hells there, their sins exhausted, they are freed from the hells and are born among the classes of worms.
13.230.30
उद्भेदजेषु वा केचिदत्रापि क्षीणकल्मषाः ।
पुनरेव प्रजायन्ते मृगपक्षिषु शोभने।
मृगपक्षिषु तद्भुक्त्वा लभन्ते मानुषं पदम् ॥ १३.२३०.३० ॥
Some, among those born from sprouting, here too, their sins exhausted, are born again among fair beasts and birds. Having experienced that among beasts and birds, they obtain the human state.
13.230.31
नानाजातिषु केनैव जायन्ते पापकारिणः ॥ १३.२३०.३१ ॥
In which of the various kinds of birth are the doers of sin born?
13.230.32
तदहं ते प्रवक्ष्यामि यत्त्वमिच्छसि शोभने ।
सर्वदाऽऽत्मा कर्मवशो नानाजातिषु जायते ॥ १३.२३०.३२ ॥
Therefore, O radiant one, I will tell you what you wish to know. The self, always subject to its deeds, is born among various kinds of birth.
13.230.33
यश्च मांसप्रियो नित्यं काकगृध्नान्स संस्पृशेत् ।
सुरापः सततं मर्त्यः सूकरत्वं व्रजेद्भुवम् ॥ १३.२३०.३३ ॥
The mortal who is always fond of meat, who touches crows and vultures, and who constantly drinks liquor, surely goes to the state of a pig.
13.230.34
अभक्ष्यभक्षणो मर्त्यः काकजातिषु जायते ।
आत्मघ्नो यो नरः कोपात्प्रेतजातिसु तिष्ठति ॥ १३.२३०.३४ ॥
The mortal who eats what is not to be eaten is born among the kinds of crows. The man who, out of anger, slays himself remains among the kinds of ghosts.
13.230.35
पैशुन्यात्परिवादाच्च कुक्कुटत्वमवाप्नुयात् ।
नास्तिकश्चैव यो मूर्खो मृगजातिं स गच्छति ॥ १३.२३०.३५ ॥
Through slander and reproach, a man obtains the state of a cock. And he who is an unbeliever and a fool goes to the kind of deer.
13.230.36
हिंसाविहारस्तु नरः क्रिमिकीटेषु जायते ।
अतिमानयुतो नित्यं प्रेत्य गर्दभतां व्रजेत् ॥ १३.२३०.३६ ॥
But the man who delights in violence is born among worms and insects. He who is always full of excessive pride, after death, goes to the state of a donkey.
13.230.37
अगम्यागमनाच्चैव परदारनिषेवणात् ।
मूषिकत्वं व्रजेन्मर्त्यो नास्ति तत्र विचारणा ॥ १३.२३०.३७ ॥
By going to forbidden women and by consorting with another's wife, a mortal goes into the state of a mouse; there is no doubt about this.
13.230.38
कृतघ्नो मित्रघाती च सृगालवृकजातिषु ।
कृतघ्नः पुत्रघाती च स्थावरेष्वथ तिष्ठति ॥ १३.२३०.३८ ॥
The ungrateful man and the betrayer of a friend are born among the kinds of jackals and wolves; the ungrateful man and the killer of a son then remain among immobile beings.
13.230.39
एवमाद्यशुभं कृत्वा नरा निरयगामिनः ।
तांस्तान्भावान्प्रपद्यन्ते स्वकृतस्यैव कारणात् ॥ १३.२३०.३९ ॥
Men who, having done such and other evil deeds, go to hell attain those various states solely because of what they themselves have done.
13.230.40
एवंजातिषु निर्देश्याः प्राणिनः पापकारिणः ।
कथंचित्पुनरुत्पद्यि लभन्ते मानुषं पदम् ॥ १३.२३०.४० ॥
Sinful living beings, assigned to such kinds, are somehow born again and obtain the station of a human being.
13.230.41
बहुशश्चाग्निसङ्क्रान्तं लोहं शुचिमयं तथा ।
बहुदुःखाभिसन्तप्तस्तथाऽऽत्मा शोध्यते बलात्।
तस्मात्सुदुर्लभं चेति विद्धि जन्मसु मानुषम् ॥ १३.२३०.४१ ॥
As iron heated again and again in fire becomes pure, so the self, tormented by much suffering, is purified by force. Therefore know that among births the human birth is exceedingly rare.