Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.231
हिन्दी · தமிழ் · తెలుగు · ಕನ್ನಡ · മലയാളം · বাংলা · मराठी · ગુજરાતી · ਪੰਜਾਬੀ · ଓଡ଼ିଆ · اردو · English · Español · Français · Deutsch · Português · Русский · 中文 · 日本語 · العربية · Bahasa Indonesia · ไทย
13.231.1
भगवन्देवदेवेश शूलपाणे वृषध्वज ।
श्रुतं मे परमं गुह्यं प्रसादात्ते वरप्रद ॥ १३.२३१.१ ॥
O blessed lord, god of gods, trident-bearer, bull-bannered one! By your grace I have heard the supreme secret, O giver of boons.
13.231.2
श्रोतुं भूयोऽहमिच्छामि प्रजानां हितकारणात् ।
शुभाशुभमिति प्रोक्तं कर्म स्वस्वं समासतः ॥ १३.२३१.२ ॥
For the welfare of creatures I wish to hear again, for you declared briefly that good and bad actions belong to each person.
13.231.3
तन्मे विस्तरतो ब्रूहि शुभाशुभविधइं प्रति ।
अशुभं कीदृशं कर्म प्राणिनो यन्निपातयेत् ॥ १३.२३१.३ ॥
Therefore tell me in detail the rule concerning good and bad: what kind of bad action is it that brings living beings down?
13.231.4
शुभं वापि कथं देव प्रजानामूर्ध्वदं भवेत् ।
एतन्मे वद देवेश श्रोतुकामाऽस्मि कीर्तय ॥ १३.२३१.४ ॥
O god, how does good action bring upward progress to creatures? Tell me this, O lord of gods; I wish to hear it, declare it.
13.231.5
तदहं ते प्रवक्ष्यामि तत्सर्वं शृणु शोभने ।
सुकृतं दुष्कृतं चेति द्विविधं कर्मविस्तरम् ॥ १३.२३१.५ ॥
I will tell you all of that; listen, O radiant one. The extent of action is twofold: well-done (sukṛta) and ill-done (duṣkṛta).
13.231.6
तयोर्यद्दुष्कृतं कर्म तच्च सञ्जायते त्रिधा ।
मनसा कर्मणा वाचा बुद्धिमोहसमुद्भवात् ॥ १३.२३१.६ ॥
Of these two, the ill-done action arises in three ways: by mind, by deed, and by speech, springing from confusion of the intellect.
13.231.7
मनःपूर्वं तु वा कर्म वर्तते वाङ्मयं ततः ।
जायते वै क्रियायोगमनु चेष्टाक्रमः प्रिये ॥ १३.२३१.७ ॥
Action first arises from the mind, and then the action of speech is born. Beloved, following the union of activity, the sequence of efforts comes into being.
13.231.8
अभिद्रोहोऽभ्यसूया च परार्थेषु च वै स्पृहा ।
शुभाशुभानां मर्त्यानां वर्तनं परिवारितम् ॥ १३.२३१.८ ॥
Malice, envy, and craving for the aims and possessions of others — this is the conduct of mortals, encompassed by good and evil.
13.231.9
धर्मकार्ये यदाऽश्रद्धा पापकर्मणि हर्षणम् ।
एवमाद्यशुभं कर्म मनसा पापमुच्यते ॥ १३.२३१.९ ॥
When there is no faith in righteous deeds and delight in sinful ones — such and similar inauspicious action is called sin of the mind.
13.231.10
अनृतं यच्च परुषमबद्धवचनं कटु ।
असत्यं परिवादश्च पापमेतत्तु वाङ्मयम् ॥ १३.२३१.१० ॥
Falsehood, harsh words, unrestrained bitter speech, untruth and slander — this is the sin of speech.
13.231.11
अगम्यागमनं चैव परदारनिषेवणम् ।
वधबन्धपरिक्लेशैः परप्राणोपतापनम् ॥ १३.२३१.११ ॥
Going to the unapproachable and consorting with another's wife; tormenting the lives of others through killing, binding and affliction.
13.231.12
चौर्यं परेषां द्रव्याणां हरणं नाशनं तथा ।
अभक्ष्यभक्षणं चैव व्यसनेष्वविषङ्गता ॥ १३.२३१.१२ ॥
Theft of others' goods, seizing and destroying them; likewise eating what is forbidden, and attachment to vices.
13.231.13
दर्पात्स्तम्भाभिमानाच्च परेषामुपतापनम् ।
अकार्याणां च करणमशौचं पानसेवनम् ॥ १३.२३१.१३ ॥
From arrogance and stubborn self-conceit, tormenting others, doing forbidden deeds, impurity, and drinking intoxicants.
13.231.14
दौःशील्यं पापसम्पर्के साहाय्यं पापकर्मणि ।
अधर्म्यमयशस्यं च कार्यं तस्य निषेवणम्।
एवमाद्यशुभं चान्यच्छारीरं पापमुच्यते ॥ १३.२३१.१४ ॥
Bad character, association with the wicked, assisting in evil deeds, resorting to unrighteous and disgraceful action, and other such inauspicious things, are called sins of the body.
13.231.15
मानसाद्वाङ्मयं पापं विशिष्टमिति लक्ष्यते ।
वाङ्मयादपि वै पापाच्छारीरं गण्यते बहु ॥ १३.२३१.१५ ॥
Sin arising from the mind is regarded as distinct from sin of speech; and even sin of speech is reckoned less than the much greater sin of the body.
13.231.16
एवं पापयुतं कर्म त्रिविधं पातयेन्नरम् ।
परापकारजननमत्यन्तं पातकं स्मृतम् ॥ १३.२३१.१६ ॥
Thus a threefold action joined with sin casts a man down; causing harm to others is declared to be the utterly grievous sin.
13.231.17
त्रिविधं तत्कृतं पापं कर्तारं पापकं नयेत् ।
पातकं चापि यत्कर्म कर्मणा बुद्धिपूर्वकम् ॥ १३.२३१.१७ ॥
That sin committed in threefold manner leads its doer into sinfulness; and the action performed deliberately, with intent, is also a grave sin.
13.231.18
सापदेशमवश्यं तत्कर्तव्यमिति तत्कृतम् ।
कथञ्चित्तत्कृतमपि कर्ता तेन स लिप्यते ॥ १३.२३१.१८ ॥
Even if that act was done under some pretext, thinking it must necessarily be done, or if it somehow came to be done, the doer is nevertheless stained by it.
13.231.19
अवश्यं पापदेशेन प्रतिहृन्येत कारणम् ॥ १३.२३१.१९ ॥
Necessarily, the cause must be countered by means of a sinful occasion.
13.231.20
भगवन्पापकं कर्म यथा कृत्वा न लिप्यते ॥ १३.२३१.२० ॥
O Blessed Lord, how does one not become stained after doing a sinful deed?
13.231.21
यो नरोऽनपराधी च स्वात्मप्राणस्य रक्षणात् ।
शत्रुमुद्यतशस्त्रं वा पूर्वं तेन हतोपि वा।
प्रतिहन्यान्नरो हिंस्यान्न स पापेन लिप्यते ॥ १३.२३१.२१ ॥
The man who, not being at fault and to protect his own life, strikes back at an enemy with a weapon raised, or even though he was first struck by him, and harms him, is not stained by sin.
13.231.22
चोरादधिकसंत्रस्तस्तत्प्रतीकारचेष्टया ।
यः प्रजघ्नन्नरो हन्यान्न स पापेन लिप्यते ॥ १३.२३१.२२ ॥
The man who, greatly terrified of a thief, in an effort to counter him, strikes and kills him, is not stained by sin.
13.231.23
ग्रामार्थं भर्तृपिण्डार्थं दीनानुग्रहकारणात् ।
वधबन्धपरिक्लेशान्कुर्वन्पापात्प्रमुच्यते ॥ १३.२३१.२३ ॥
For the sake of the village, for the sake of a master's provision, and out of kindness to the wretched, a person who inflicts killing, bondage and suffering is released from sin.
13.231.24
दुर्भिक्षे चात्मवृत्त्यर्थमेकायतनगस्तथा ।
अकार्यं वाऽप्यभक्ष्यं वा कृत्वा पपान्न लिप्यते ॥ १३.२३१.२४ ॥
In famine, for the sake of one's own livelihood, a man dwelling in one place who does what should not be done, or eats what should not be eaten, is not stained by sin.
13.231.25
विधिरेष गृहस्थानां प्रायेणैवोपदिश्यते ।
अवाच्यं वाऽप्यकार्यं वा देशकालवशेन तु ॥ १३.२३१.२५ ॥
This rule is generally taught to householders: under the sway of place and time, even the unspeakable or the undoable may be done.
13.231.26
बुद्धिपूर्व नरः कुर्वस्तत्प्रयोजनमात्रया ।
किञ्चिद्वा लिप्यते पापैरथवा न च लिप्यते ॥ १३.२३१.२६ ॥
A man who acts deliberately, merely for that purpose, is somewhat stained by sins, or perhaps is not stained at all.
13.231.27
एवं देवि विजानीहि नास्ति तत्र विचारणा ॥ १३.२३१.२७ ॥
Know it thus, O goddess; there is no deliberation about it.
13.231.28
भगवन्पानदोषांश्च पेयापेयत्वकारणम् ।
एतदिच्छाम्यहं श्रोतुं तन्मे वद महेश्वर ॥ १३.२३१.२८ ॥
O blessed lord, I wish to hear the faults of drinking and the reason why some things may be drunk and others may not. Tell me that, O Maheśvara.
13.231.29
हन्त ते कथयिष्यामि पानोत्पत्तिं शुचिस्मिते ॥ १३.२३१.२९ ॥
Very well, O pure-smiling one, I will tell you the origin of drink.
13.231.30
पुरा सर्वेऽभवन्मर्त्या बुद्धिमन्तो नयानुगाः ।
शुचयश्च शुभाचाराः सर्वे चोन्मनसः प्रिये ॥ १३.२३१.३० ॥
In former times all mortals were intelligent, followers of right conduct, pure, of good behavior, and all of them were of exalted mind, my beloved.
13.231.31
एवंभूते तदा लोके प्रेष्यकृन्न परस्परम् ।
प्रेष्याबावान्मनुष्याणां कर्मारम्भो ननाश ह ॥ १३.२३१.३१ ॥
In such a state, no one in the world then served another; with the absence of servants, the beginning of human action was destroyed.
13.231.32
उभयोर्लोकयोर्नाशं दृष्ट्वा कर्मक्षयात्प्रभुः ।
यज्ञकर्म कथं लोके वर्तेतेति पितामहः ॥ १३.२३१.३२ ॥
Seeing the destruction of both worlds, and the exhaustion of works, the lord Grandfather thought: "How will the sacrificial rite continue in the world?"
13.231.33
आज्ञापयत्सुरान्देवि मोहयस्वेति मानुषान् ।
तमसः सारमुद्धृत्य पानं बुद्धिप्रणाशनम्इ।
न्यपातयन्मनुष्येषु पापदोषावहं प्रिये ॥ १३.२३१.३३ ॥
He commanded the gods: "Bewilder the humans." Drawing out the essence of darkness, a drink that destroys the intellect and brings the fault of sin, O beloved, he cast it down among men.
13.231.34
तदाप्रभृति तत्पानान्मुमुहुर्मानवा भुवि ।
कार्याकार्यमजानन्तो वाच्यावाच्यं गुणागुणम् ॥ १३.२३१.३४ ॥
From that time onward, men on earth were bewildered by drinking it, not knowing what should and should not be done, what should and should not be said, virtue and vice.
13.231.35
केचिद्धसन्ति तत्पीत्वा प्रवदन्ति तथा परे ।
नृत्यन्ति मुदिताः केचिद्गायन्ति शुभाशुभान्। ॥ १३.२३१.३५ ॥
Some laugh after drinking it, and others speak likewise. Some dance delighted, and some sing of good and evil.
13.231.36
कलिं ते कुर्वतेऽभीष्टं प्रहरन्ति परस्परम् ।
क्वचिद्धावन्ति सहसा प्रस्खलन्ति पतन्ति च ॥ १३.२३१.३६ ॥
They wish for strife and make it, striking one another. Somewhere they suddenly run, stumble, and fall.
13.231.37
अयुक्तं बहु भाषन्ते यत्र क्वचन शोभने ।
नग्ना विक्षिप्य गात्राणि नष्टज्ञाना इवासते ॥ १३.२३१.३७ ॥
Anywhere, even on auspicious occasions, people speak much that is improper; naked, flinging their limbs about, they sit as though they had lost their understanding.
13.231.38
एवं बहुविधान्भावान्कुर्वन्ति भ्रान्तचेतनाः ।
ये पिबन्ति महामोहं पानं पापयुता नराः ॥ १३.२३१.३८ ॥
Thus those with deluded minds produce many kinds of conditions; sinful men who drink liquor drink great delusion.
13.231.39
धृतिं लज्जां च बुद्धिं च पानं पीतं प्रणाशयेत् ।
तस्मान्नराः सम्भवन्ति निर्लज्जा निरपत्रपाः ॥ १३.२३१.३९ ॥
Drink, once drunk, destroys steadiness, shame and intellect; therefore men become shameless and without bashfulness.
13.231.40
बुद्धिसत्वैः परिक्षीणास्तेजोहीना मलान्विताः ।
पीत्वापीत्वा तृषायुक्ताः पानपाः सम्भवन्ति च ॥ १३.२३१.४० ॥
Wasted in intellect and vitality, bereft of vigour and afflicted with impurity, drinking again and again and parched with thirst, they become tipplers.
13.231.41
पानकामाः पानकथाः पानकालाभिकाङ्क्षिणः ।
पानार्थं कर्मवश्यास्ते सम्भवन्ति नराधमाः ॥ १३.२३१.४१ ॥
Those who desire drink, speak only of drink and long for the time of drinking—governed by their actions for the sake of drink, they become the lowest of men.
13.231.42
पानकामास्तृषायोगाद्बुद्धिसत्वपरिक्षयात् ।
पानदानां प्रेष्यकाराः पानपाः सहसाऽभवन् ॥ १३.२३१.४२ ॥
Desiring drink, through the union with thirst and the wasting of intellect and vitality, drinkers suddenly became servants of those who give them drink.
13.231.43
तदाप्रभृति वै लोके दीनैः पानवशैर्नरैः ।
कारयन्ति च कर्माणि बुद्धिमन्तस्तु पानपाः ॥ १३.२३१.४३ ॥
From that time on, in the world, the wretched men subject to drink were made to do their work by the wise drink-servers.
13.231.44
कारुत्वमथ दासत्वं प्रेष्यतामेत्य पानपाः ।
सर्वकर्मकराश्चासन्पशुवद्रज्जुबन्धिताः ॥ १३.२३१.४४ ॥
Then the drink-servers, reaching craftsmanship, slavery and servitude, became doers of all work, and were bound with ropes like beasts.
13.231.45
पानपस्तु सुरां पीत्वा तदा बुद्धिप्रणाशनात् ।
कार्याकार्यस्य चाज्ञानाद्यथेष्टकरणात्स्वयम्।
विदुषामविधेयत्वात्पापमेवाभिपद्यते ॥ १३.२३१.४५ ॥
The drink-server, having drunk liquor, through the ruin of his intellect, through ignorance of what should and should not be done, through acting as he pleases, and through not obeying the learned, himself incurs sin.
13.231.46
परिभूतो भवेल्लोके मद्यपो मित्रभेदकः ।
सर्वकालमशुद्धिं च सर्वभक्षस्तथा भवेत् ॥ १३.२३१.४६ ॥
The drinker of liquor becomes despised in the world, a breaker of friendships, always impure, and one who eats everything.
13.231.47
विनष्टो ज्ञातिविद्वद्भ्यः सततं कलिभावगः ।
परुषं कटुकं घोरं वाक्यं वदति सर्वशः ॥ १३.२३१.४७ ॥
Ruined constantly by kinsmen and the learned, one who has gone to the nature of Kali speaks harsh, bitter and terrible words in every way.
13.231.48
गुरूनतिवदेन्मत्तः परदारान्प्रधर्षयेत् ।
संविदं कुरुते शौण्डेर्न शृणोति हितं क्वचित् ॥ १३.२३१.४८ ॥
The intoxicated man insults his elders, assaults the wives of others, makes pacts with drunkards, and never listens to what is beneficial.
13.231.49
एवं बहुविधा दोषाः पानपे सन्ति शोभने ।
केवलं नरकं यान्ति नास्ति तत्र विचारणा।
तस्मात्तद्वर्जितं सद्भिः पानमात्महितैषिभिः ॥ १३.२३१.४९ ॥
Thus there are many kinds of fault in drinking, O beautiful one. They lead merely to hell; there is no doubt of this. Therefore good men who seek their own welfare avoid the drinking of liquor.
13.231.50
यदि पानं न वर्जेरन्सन्तश्चारित्रकारणात् ।
भवेदेतज्जगत्सर्वममर्यादं च निष्क्रियम् ॥ १३.२३१.५० ॥
If the good did not abstain from drinking for the sake of conduct, this whole world would become without order and inactive.
13.231.51
तस्माद्बुद्धेर्हि रक्षार्थं सद्भिः पानं विवर्जितम् ।
इति ते दुष्कृतं सर्वं कथितं त्रिविधं प्रिये ॥ १३.२३१.५१ ॥
Therefore, to protect the intellect, the good give up drinking. Thus, beloved, I have told you all wrongdoing, in three kinds.