Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.232
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13.232.1
विधानं सुकृतस्यापि भूयः शृणु शुचिस्मिते ।
प्रोच्यते तत्त्रिधा देवि सुकृतं च समासतः ॥ १३.२३२.१ ॥
O you of pure smile, listen again to the rule of merit. O goddess, it is declared in brief to be threefold.
13.232.2
यदौपरमिकं चैव सुकृतं निरुपद्रवम् ।
तथैव सोपकरणं तावता सुकृतं विदुः ॥ १३.२३२.२ ॥
The merit that belongs to cessation is free from harm; so too is merit with its means. By that much alone they know it as merit.
13.232.3
निवृत्तिः पापकर्मभ्यस्तदौपरमिकं प्रिये ।
मनोवाक्कायजा दोषाः शृणु मे वर्जनाच्छुभम् ॥ १३.२३२.३ ॥
Turning away from sinful deeds, O beloved, is what belongs to cessation. Hear from me the faults born of mind, speech and body; by avoiding them comes what is good.
13.232.4
त्रैविध्यदोषोपरमे यस्तु दोषव्यपेक्षया ।
स हि प्राप्नोति सकलं सर्वदुष्कृतवर्जनात् ॥ १३.२३२.४ ॥
He who, when the threefold faults have ceased, turns away with regard to faults, attains the whole by avoiding all evil deeds.
13.232.5
प्रथमं वर्जयेद्दोषान्युगपत्पृथगेव वा ।
तथा धर्ममवाप्नोति दोषत्यागो हि दुष्करः।
दोषसाकल्यसंत्यागान्मुनिर्भवति मानवः ॥ १३.२३२.५ ॥
One should first avoid the faults, together or separately. Thus one attains dharma, for giving up faults is difficult. By fully giving up all faults, a man becomes a sage.
13.232.6
सौकर्यं पस्य धर्मस्य कार्यारम्भादृतेऽपि च ।
आत्मा च लब्धोपरमो लभन्ते सुकृतं परम् ॥ १३.२३२.६ ॥
See the ease of dharma, even apart from beginning any action. Souls that have attained cessation obtain supreme merit.
13.232.7
अहो नृशंसाः पच्यन्ते मानुषाः स्वल्पबुद्धयः ।
एतादृशं न बुध्यन्ते आत्माधीनं न निर्व्यथाः ॥ १३.२३२.७ ॥
Alas, cruel and feeble-minded men suffer, and they do not understand such a thing: dependent on the self, free from pain.
13.232.8
दुष्कृतत्यागमात्रेण पदमूर्ध्वं हि लभ्यते ॥ १३.२३२.८ ॥
Merely by giving up wrongdoing, a higher station is indeed attained.
13.232.9
पापभीरुत्वमात्रेण दोषाणां परिवर्जनात् ।
सुशोभनो भवेद्देवि क्रजुर्धर्मव्यपेक्षया।
इत्यौपरमिकं देवि कथितं सुकृतं तव ॥ १३.२३२.९ ॥
Merely through fear of sin and by avoiding faults, O goddess, a man may become upright and very splendid in regard to dharma. Thus, O goddess, I have told you the merit that comes from cessation.
13.232.10
श्रुत्वा च वृद्धसंयोगादिन्द्रियाणां च निग्रहात् ।
सन्तोषाच्च धृतेश्चैव शक्यते दोषवर्जनम् ॥ १३.२३२.१० ॥
Having heard, through association with the elders, through restraint of the senses, and through contentment and steadfastness, the avoidance of faults becomes possible.
13.232.11
तदेव धर्ममित्याहुर्दोषसंयमनं प्रिये ।
यमधर्मेण धर्मोस्ति नान्यः शुभतरः प्रिये।
यमधर्मेण यतयः प्राप्नुवन्त्युत्तमां गतिम् ॥ १३.२३२.११ ॥
That very thing they call dharma: the restraint of faults. Beloved, dharma exists through the dharma of restraint; there is no other more auspicious. Beloved, through the dharma of restraint, ascetics attain the supreme goal.
13.232.12
ईश्वराणां प्रभवतां दरिद्राणां च वै नृणाम् ।
सफलो दोषसंत्यागो दानादपि शुभादपि ॥ १३.२३२.१२ ॥
For the powerful and the mighty, and for the poor among men as well, the abandonment of faults is fruitful, even through giving and even through good deeds.
13.232.13
तपो दानं महादेवि दोषमल्पं हि निर्भरेत् ।
सुकृतं यामिकं चोक्तं वक्ष्ये निरुपसाधनम् ॥ १३.२३२.१३ ॥
O great goddess, austerity and giving wash away even a small fault. I shall speak of the merit called yāmika, which needs no means.
13.232.14
सुखाभिसन्धिर्लोकानां सत्यं शौचमथार्जवम् ।
व्रतोपवासः प्रीतिश्च ब्रह्मचर्यं दमः शमः ॥ १३.२३२.१४ ॥
The intention for the welfare of people, truth, purity, uprightness, vows and fasting, affection, celibacy, self-control and tranquillity.
13.232.15
एवमादि शुभं कर्म सुकृतं नियमाश्रितम् ।
शृणु तेषां विशेषांश्च कीर्तयिष्यामि भामिनि ॥ १३.२३२.१५ ॥
Such and other auspicious deeds, meritorious and based on observances. Listen, O lovely one, and I shall declare their particulars.
13.232.16
सत्यं स्वर्गस्य सोपानं पारावारस्य नौरिव ।
नास्ति सत्यात्परं दानं नास्ति सत्यात्परं तपः ॥ १३.२३२.१६ ॥
Truth is the stairway to heaven, like a boat to the far shore of the ocean. There is no gift greater than truth; there is no austerity greater than truth.
13.232.17
यथा श्रुतं यथा दृष्टमात्मना यद्यथा कृतम् ।
तथा तस्याविकारेण वचनं सत्यलक्षणम् ॥ १३.२३२.१७ ॥
To speak, without distortion, exactly as one has heard, seen oneself, or done — that is the mark of truth.
13.232.18
यच्छलेनाभिसंयुक्तं सत्यरूपं मृषैव तत् ।
सत्यमेव प्रवक्तव्यं पारावर्यं विजानता ॥ १३.२३२.१८ ॥
That which is joined with deceit, though it wears the form of truth, is false. One who knows the far shore must speak only the truth.
13.232.19
दीर्घायुश्च भवेत्सत्यात्कुलसन्तानपालकः ।
लोकसंस्थितिपालश्च भवेत्सत्येन मानवः ॥ १३.२३२.१९ ॥
Through truth a man becomes long-lived, a protector of his family line, and by truth alone he becomes a upholder of the order of the world.
13.232.20
कथं सन्धारयन्मर्त्यो व्रतं शुभमवाप्नुयात् ॥ १३.२३२.२० ॥
How, holding fast to the auspicious vow, may a mortal obtain its fruit?
13.232.21
पूर्वमुक्तं तु यत्पापं मनोवाक्कायकर्मभिः ।
व्रतवत्तस्य संत्यागस्तपोव्रतमिति स्मृतम् ॥ १३.२३२.२१ ॥
The sin previously spoken of, arising from deeds of mind, speech and body, its complete abandonment as though it were a vow — this is remembered as the penance-vow.
13.232.22
त्याज्यं वा यदि वा जोष्यमव्रतेनि वृथा चरन् ।
तथा फलं न लभते तस्माद्धर्मं वृथा चरेत् ॥ १३.२३२.२२ ॥
One who practises without a vow in vain, whether he does not abandon what should be abandoned or enjoys what should be enjoyed, does not obtain its fruit; therefore one should not practise dharma in vain.
13.232.23
शुद्धकायो नरो भूत्वा स्नात्वा तीर्थ यथाविधि ।
पञ्चभूतानि चन्द्रार्कौ संध्ये धर्मयमौ पितॄन् ॥ १३.२३२.२३ ॥
A man with a purified body, having bathed at a sacred ford according to rule, should call upon the five elements, the moon and sun, the twilights, Dharma and Yama, and the ancestors as witnesses.
13.232.24
आत्मनैव तथाऽऽत्मानं निवेद्य व्रतवच्चरेत् ।
व्रतमामरणाद्वाऽपि कालच्छेदेन वा हरेत् ॥ १३.२३२.२४ ॥
Having offered oneself up by oneself alone, one should practise as with a vow; the vow should be kept up to death, or for a span of time fixed in advance.
13.232.25
शाकादिषु व्रतं कुर्यात्तथा पुष्पफलादिषु ।
ब्रह्मचर्यव्रतं कुर्यादुपवासव्रतं तथा ॥ १३.२३२.२५ ॥
One should observe vows regarding vegetables and the like, and likewise regarding flowers, fruits and the like. One should undertake the vow of celibacy, and likewise the vow of fasting.
13.232.26
एवमन्येषु बहुषु व्रतं कार्यं हितैषिणा ।
व्रतभङ्गो यथा न स्याद्रक्षितव्यं तथा बुधैः।
व्रतभङ्गे महत्पापमिति विद्धि शुभेक्षणे ॥ १३.२३२.२६ ॥
Likewise, one who seeks welfare should observe vows in many other things. As the vow is not broken, the wise must guard it. Know, O fair-eyed one, that breaking a vow is a great sin.
13.232.27
औषधार्थं यदज्ञानाद्गुरूणां वचनादपि ।
अनुग्रहार्थं बन्धूनां व्रतभङ्गो न दुष्यते ॥ १३.२३२.२७ ॥
If a vow is broken for the sake of medicine, through ignorance, at the word of elders, or out of kindness to relatives, the breaking is not faulted.
13.232.28
व्रतापवर्गकाले तु दैवब्राह्मणपूजनम् ।
नरेण तु यथा विद्धि कार्यसिद्धिं यथाऽऽप्तुयात् ॥ १३.२३२.२८ ॥
At the time of a vow's completion, one should worship the gods and Brahmins. Know that in this way a man attains the fulfilment of his aim.
13.232.29
कथं शौचविधिस्तत्र तन्मे शंसितुमर्हसि ॥ १३.२३२.२९ ॥
How is the rule of purification in that matter? You are worthy to declare it to me.
13.232.30
बाह्ममाभ्यन्तरं चेति द्विविधं शौचमिष्यते ।
मानसं सुकृतं यत्तच्छौचमाभ्यन्तरं स्मृतम् ॥ १३.२३२.३० ॥
Purification is taught to be twofold: external and internal. The good deed of the mind is remembered as internal purification.
13.232.31
सदाऽऽहारविशुद्धिश्च कायप्रक्षालनं च यत् ।
बाह्यशौचं भवेदेतत्तथैवाचमनादिना ॥ १३.२३२.३१ ॥
Always purity of food and washing of the body — this is external purity; likewise by sipping water and the like.
13.232.32
मृच्चैव शुद्धदेशस्था गोशकृन्मूत्रमेव च ।
द्रव्याणि गन्धयुक्तानि यानि पुष्टिकराणि च।
एतैः सम्मार्जयेत्कायमम्भसा च पुनः पुनः ॥ १३.२३२.३२ ॥
Earth from a clean place, cow dung and cow urine, and substances fragrant and nourishing — with these and with water one should rub the body clean again and again.
13.232.33
अक्षोभ्यं यत्प्रकीर्णं च नित्यस्रोतं च यज्जलम् ।
प्रायशस्तादृशे मज्जेदन्यथा च विवर्जयेत् ॥ १३.२३२.३३ ॥
In water that is undisturbed, spread out, and ever-flowing, one should mostly bathe; otherwise one should avoid it.
13.232.34
त्रिस्त्रिराचमनं श्रेष्ठं निष्फेनैर्निर्मलैर्जलैः ।
तथा विण्मूत्रयोः शुद्धिरद्भिर्बहुमृदा भवेत्।
तथैव जलसंशुद्धिर्यत्संशुद्धं तु संस्पृशेत् ॥ १३.२३२.३४ ॥
Sipping water three times three is best, with water free of foam and clean. Likewise, purification from excrement and urine is by water and much earth; and likewise the purification of water — one should touch only what is pure.
13.232.35
शकृता भूमिशुद्धिः स्याल्लौहानां भस्मना स्मृतम् ।
तक्षणं घर्षणं चैव दारवाणां विशोधनम् ॥ १३.२३२.३५ ॥
Ground is purified with cow dung; iron vessels are declared purified with ash. Scraping and rubbing are the purification of wooden things.
13.232.36
दहनं मृण्मयानां च मर्त्यानां कृच्छ्रधारणम् ।
शेषाणां देवि सर्वेषामातपेन जलेन च।
ब्राह्मणानां च वाक्येन सदा संशोधनं भवेत् ॥ १३.२३२.३६ ॥
Earthen vessels are purified by burning in fire, and for mortals purification is the holding of the kṛcchra vow. O goddess, all the rest should always be purified by sunlight and water, and by the word of the brahmins.
13.232.37
अदृष्टमद्भिर्निर्णिक्तं यच्च वाचा प्रशस्यते ।
एवमापदि संशुद्धिरेवं शौचं विधीयते। ॥ १३.२३२.३७ ॥
That which has an unseen stain washed away by water, and which is praised by speech, is pure. In time of distress purification is thus; thus is purity prescribed.
13.232.38
आहारशुद्धिस्तु कथं देवदेव महेश्वर ॥ १३.२३२.३८ ॥
O god of gods, Maheśvara, how is purity of food achieved?
13.232.39
अमांसमद्यमक्लेद्यमपर्युषितमेव च ।
अतिकट्वम्ललवणहनं च शुभगन्धि च ॥ १३.२३२.३९ ॥
Food that is not meat, not liquor, not spoiled by moisture, not stale, not excessively bitter, sour or salty, and pleasant-smelling — that is pure food.
13.232.40
क्रिमिकेशमलैर्हीनं संवृतं शुद्धदर्शम् ।
एवंविधं सदाहार्यं देवब्राह्मणसात्कृतम् ॥ १३.२३२.४० ॥
Food free of worms, hair and filth, covered, pure to look upon, and offered to gods and brahmins — such food should always be brought.
13.232.41
श्रुतमित्येव तज्ज्ञेयमन्यथा मन्यसेऽशुभम् ।
ग्राम्यादारण्यकैः सिद्धं श्रेष्ठमित्यवधारय ॥ १३.२३२.४१ ॥
Know that this has been heard through tradition. If you think otherwise, deeming it inauspicious, then firmly hold that what has been established by village-dwellers and forest-dwellers is best.
13.232.42
अतिमात्रगृहीतात्तु अल्पदत्तं भवेच्छुचि ।
यज्ञशेषं हविःशेषं पितृशेषं च निर्मलम्।
इति ते कथितं देवि भूयः किं श्रोतुमिच्छसि ॥ १३.२३२.४२ ॥
Given little from what has been taken in excess may yet be pure. The remainder of a sacrifice, the remainder of an oblation, and the remainder offered to the ancestors are spotless. Thus has this been told to you, O goddess; what more do you wish to hear?