Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.234
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13.234.1
एतदर्थमवाप्नोति नरः प्रेत्य शुभेक्षणे ॥ १३.२३४.१ ॥
For this very purpose, O fair-eyed one, a man obtains (the fruit) after death.
13.234.2
लोकसिद्धं तु यद्द्रव्यं सर्वसाधारणं भवेत् ।
तददत्सर्विसामान्यं कथं धर्मं लभेन्नरः।
एवं साधारणे द्रव्ये तस्य स्वत्वं कथं भवेत् ॥ १३.२३४.२ ॥
If a substance, established in the world as common to all, remains everyone's when not given away, how could a man obtain merit? And how could he have ownership in such common property?
13.234.3
लोके भूतमयं द्रव्यं सर्वसाधारणं तथा ।
तथैव तद्ददन्मर्त्यो लभेत्पुण्यं स तच्छृणु ॥ १३.२३४.३ ॥
In the world, material substance is likewise common to all; in the same way, a mortal who gives it obtains merit. Listen to that.
13.234.4
दाता प्रतिग्रहीता च देयं सोपक्रमं तथा ।
देशकालौ च यत्त्वेतद्दानं षङ्गुणमुच्यते।
तेषां सम्पद्विशेषांश्च कीर्त्यमानान्निबोध मे ॥ १३.२३४.४ ॥
The giver, the recipient, the thing given, the offering with its beginning, and place and time — a gift is said to have these six qualities. Learn from me the special excellences of these, as I declare them.
13.234.5
आदिप्रभृति यः शुद्धो मनोवाक्कायकर्मभिः। ॥ १३.२३४.५ ॥
He who from the very beginning is pure in deeds of mind, speech and body —
13.234.6
शुद्रो दान्तो जितक्रोधस्तथा दीनकुलोद्भवः ।
श्रुतचारित्रसम्पन्नस्तथा बहुकलत्रवान् ॥ १३.२३४.६ ॥
A Śūdra, self-controlled, who has conquered anger, born into a humble family, endowed with learning and conduct, and having many wives —
13.234.7
पञ्चयज्ञपरो नित्यं निर्विकारशरीरवान् ।
एतान्पात्रगुणान्विद्धि तादृक्पात्रं प्रशस्यते ॥ १३.२३४.७ ॥
Always devoted to the five sacrifices, with a body free from defect — know these to be the qualities of a worthy recipient; such a recipient is praised.
13.234.8
पितृदेवाग्निकार्येषु तस्य दत्तं महाफलम् ।
यद्यदर्हति यो लोके पात्रं तस्य भवेच्च सः। ॥ १३.२३४.८ ॥
A gift given to him in rites for the ancestors, the gods and the fire yields great fruit; in the world, whoever deserves a thing is its proper recipient.
13.234.9
अन्नस्य क्षुधितं पात्रं तृषितस्तु जलस्य वै ।
एवं पात्रेषु नानात्वमिष्यते पुरुषं प्रति ॥ १३.२३४.९ ॥
For food the worthy recipient is the hungry one, and for water the thirsty one; thus among recipients a variety is taught, according to each person.
13.234.10
जारश्चोरश्च षण्डश्च हिंस्रः समयभेदकः ।
लोकविघ्नकराश्चान्ये वर्जितव्याः सर्वशः प्रिये ॥ १३.२३४.१० ॥
The adulterer, the thief, the eunuch, the violent man, the breaker of agreements, and others who cause obstruction in the world — these, beloved, are to be shunned in every way.
13.234.11
परोपघाताद्यद्द्रव्यं चौर्याद्वा लभ्यते नृभिः ।
निर्दयाल्लभ्यते यच्च धूर्तभावेन वै तथा ॥ १३.२३४.११ ॥
Wealth which men obtain by injuring others or by theft, and likewise that which is obtained through cruelty and a cunning disposition.
13.234.12
अधर्मादर्थमोहाद्वा बहूनामुपरोधनात् ।
यल्लभ्यते धनं देवि तदत्यन्तविगर्हितम् ॥ १३.२३४.१२ ॥
Wealth obtained through unrighteousness, through delusion about riches, or by oppressing many — that, goddess, is utterly reprehensible.
13.234.13
तादृशेन कृतं धर्मं निष्फलं विद्धि भामिनि ।
तस्मान्न्यायागतेनैव दातव्यं शुभमिच्छता ॥ १३.२३४.१३ ॥
Know that dharma performed by such a man is fruitless, O lady. Therefore one who desires welfare should give only what has been acquired by just means.
13.234.14
यद्यदात्मप्रियं नित्यं तत्तद्देयमिति स्थितिः ।
उपक्रममिमं विद्धि दातॄणां परमं हितम् ॥ १३.२३४.१४ ॥
Whatever is always dear to oneself, that should be given — such is the rule. Know this beginning to be the supreme welfare of givers.
13.234.15
पात्रभूतं तु दूरस्थमभिगम्य प्रसाद्य च ।
दाता दानं तथा दद्याद्यथा तुष्येत तेन सः। ॥ १३.२३४.१५ ॥
But if a worthy recipient stands far away, the giver should approach him, win his favour, and give the gift in such a way that he is satisfied.
13.234.16
पूर्वं च पात्रतां ज्ञात्वा समाहूय निवेद्य च ।
शौचाचमनसंयुक्तं दातव्यं श्रद्धया प्रिये ॥ १३.२३४.१६ ॥
First knowing his worthiness, having summoned him and announced it, the gift should be given with faith, accompanied by purity and ritual sipping of water, O beloved.
13.234.17
याचितॄणां तु परममाभिमुख्यं पुरस्कृतम् ।
संमानपूर्वं सङ्ग्राह्यं दातव्यं देशकालयो ॥ १३.२३४.१७ ॥
Toward those who ask, the greatest attention should be shown. Receiving them with honour, the gift should be given according to place and time.
13.234.18
अपात्रेभ्योपि चान्येभ्यो दातव्यं भूतिमिच्छता ।
पात्राणि सम्परीक्ष्यैव दात्रा वै नाममात्रया। ॥ १३.२३४.१८ ॥
One who desires prosperity may give even to the unworthy and to others; but the giver should give to the worthy only after carefully examining them, not merely in name.
13.234.19
अतिशक्तया परं दानं यथाशक्ति तु मध्यमम् ।
तृतीयं चापरं दानं नानुरूपमिवात्मनः ॥ १३.२३४.१९ ॥
A gift beyond one's strength is the highest; a gift according to one's strength is middling; and a third gift, not suited to oneself, is another kind.
13.234.20
यथा सम्भाषितं पूर्वं दातव्यं तत्तथैव च ।
पुण्यिक्षेत्रेषु यद्दत्तं पुण्यकालेषु वा यथा। ॥ १३.२३४.२० ॥
A gift should be given just as it was promised before; and what is given in holy places or at auspicious times is likewise.
13.234.21
यश्च पुण्यतमो देशस्तथा कालश्च शंस मे ॥ १३.२३४.२१ ॥
And tell me which place and which time are the most holy.
13.234.22
कुरुक्षेत्रं महानन्यो यश्च देवर्षिसेवितः ।
गिरिर्वरश्च तीर्थानि देशभागेषु पूजितः।
ग्रहीतुमीप्सितो यत्र तत्र दत्तं महाफमल् ॥ १३.२३४.२२ ॥
Kurukṣetra is great and unsurpassed, served by the divine sages; the excellent mountain and the holy fords, honoured in the regions of the land — a gift given where one who wishes to receive is present bears great fruit.
13.234.23
शरद्वसन्तकालश्च पुण्यमासस्तथैव च ।
शुक्लपक्षश्च पक्षाणां पौर्णमासी च पर्वसु ॥ १३.२३४.२३ ॥
The autumn and spring seasons, likewise the auspicious month; the bright fortnight, the full-moon day among the fortnights, and the festival days.
13.234.24
पितृदैवतनक्षत्रनिर्मलो दिवसस्तथा ।
तच्छोभनतरं विद्धि चन्द्रसूर्यग्रहे तथा ॥ १३.२३४.२४ ॥
A pure day under the constellation of the Fathers and the gods is likewise; know that to be even more auspicious — and so too at a lunar or solar eclipse.
13.234.25
प्रतिग्रहीतुर्यः कालो मनसा कीर्तितः शुभे ।
एवमादिष्टकालेषु दत्तं दानं महद्भवेत् ॥ १३.२३४.२५ ॥
O auspicious one, the time for the recipient has been declared in the mind; a gift given at such appointed times becomes great.
13.234.26
दाता देयं च पात्रं च उपक्रमयुता क्रिया ।
देशकालं तथा तेषां सम्पच्छुद्धिः प्रकीर्तिता ॥ १३.२३४.२६ ॥
The giver, the thing given, the recipient, the rite with its beginning, place and time, and the purity of their wealth—these are declared.
13.234.27
यथैव युगपत्सम्पत्तत्र दानं महद्भवेत् ॥ १३.२३४.२७ ॥
Just as wealth comes together at one time, a gift there becomes great.
13.234.28
अत्यल्पमपि यद्दानमेभिः षड्भिर्गुणैर्युतम् ।
भूत्वाऽनन्तं नयेत्स्वर्गं दातारं दोषवर्जितम् ॥ १३.२३४.२८ ॥
Even a very small gift endowed with these six qualities becomes endless and leads the faultless giver to heaven.
13.234.29
सुमहद्वाऽपि यद्दानं गुणैरेभिर्विनाकृतम् ।
अत्यल्पफलनिर्योगमफलं वा फलोद्धतम् ॥ १३.२३४.२९ ॥
A very great gift made without these qualities brings only a very small fruit, or no fruit at all, or is filled with pride in its fruit.
13.234.30
एवंगुणयुतं दानं दत्तं च फलतां व्रजेत् ।
तदस्ति चेन्महद्देयं तन्मे शंसितुमर्हसि ॥ १३.२३४.३० ॥
A gift given endowed with such qualities attains fruitfulness. If there is some great gift to be given, you should declare it to me.
13.234.31
तदप्यस्ति महाभागे नराणां भावदोषतः ॥ १३.२३४.३१ ॥
That too exists, O greatly fortunate one, through the flaw in men's intentions.
13.234.32
कृत्वा धर्मं तु विधिवत्पश्चात्तापं करोति चेत् ।
श्लाघया वा यदि ब्रूयाद्वृथा संसदिं यत्कृतम् ॥ १३.२३४.३२ ॥
If, having performed a gift rightly, one afterwards repents, or, for praise, vainly declares before an assembly what was done,
13.234.33
प्रकल्पयेच्च मनसा तत्फलं प्रेत्यभावतः ।
कर्म धर्मकृतं यच्च सततं फलकाङ्क्षया। ॥ १३.२३४.३३ ॥
and imagines in the mind its fruit in the next life; and the religious act constantly done with desire for fruit,
13.234.34
एते दोषा विवर्ज्याश्च दातृभिः पुण्यकाङ्क्षिभिः ।
सनातनमिदं वृत्तं सद्भिराचरितं तथा ॥ १३.२३४.३४ ॥
These faults should be shunned by givers who desire merit; this is the eternal conduct, practised by the good.
13.234.35
अनुग्रहात्परेषां तु गृहस्थानामृणं हि तत् ।
इत्येवं मन आविश्य दातव्यं सततं बुधैः ॥ १३.२३४.३५ ॥
Through the grace of others, that is indeed a debt owed by householders; having fixed this in mind, the wise should always give.
13.234.36
एवमेव कृतं नित्यं सुकृतं तद्भवेन्महत् ।
सर्वसाधारणं द्रव्यमेवं दत्त्वा महत्फलम् ॥ १३.२३४.३६ ॥
Thus, so done constantly, that good deed becomes great; having given common wealth in this way, one obtains great fruit.