Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.239
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13.239.1
एवं कृतस्य धर्मस्य श्रोतुमिच्छाम्यहं प्रभो ।
प्रमाणं फलमानानां तन्मे शंसितुमर्हसि ॥ १३.२३९.१ ॥
Umā said: O lord, I wish to hear the measure and the fruit of dharma thus performed; you are the one fit to declare it to me.
13.239.2
प्रमाणकल्पनां देवि दानस्य शृणु भामिनि ॥ १३.२३९.२ ॥
Maheśvara said: O goddess, O lovely one, listen to the reckoning of the measure of gift-giving.
13.239.3
यत्सारस्तु नरो लोके तद्दानं चोत्तमं स्मृतम् ।
सर्वदानविधिं प्राहुस्तदेव भुवि शोभने ॥ १३.२३९.३ ॥
Whatever is the essence of a man in the world, that gift is held to be the supreme one; they declare that this alone is the rule of all gifts on earth, O radiant one.
13.239.4
प्रस्थं सारं दरिद्रस्य शतं कोटिधनस्य च ।
प्रस्थसारस्तु तत्प्रस्थं ददन्महदषाप्नुयात् ॥ १३.२३९.४ ॥
For the poor man the essence is one prastha, for the man of ten million the essence is a hundred; but he who gives a prastha-portion, giving that prastha, obtains great fruit.
13.239.5
कोटिसारस्तु तां कोटिं ददान्महदवाप्नुयात् ।
उभयं तन्महत्तच्च फलेनैव समं स्मृतम् ॥ १३.२३९.५ ॥
But he who gives a koṭi-portion, giving that crore, obtains great fruit; those two—that great one and this one—are held to be equal in their fruit.
13.239.6
धर्मार्थकामभोगेषु शक्त्यभावस्तु मध्यमम् ।
स्वद्रव्यादतिहीनं तु तद्दानमधमं स्मृतम् ॥ १३.२३९.६ ॥
Where there is no capacity for dharma, wealth, desire and enjoyment, that is the middling gift; but a gift from one's own property that is far too meagre is held to be the lowest.
13.239.7
शृणु दत्तस्य वै देवि पञ्चधा फलकल्पनाम् ।
आनन्त्यं च महच्चैव समं हीनं हि पातकम् ॥ १३.२३९.७ ॥
Listen, goddess, to the five-fold reckoning of the fruit of a gift: endlessness, greatness, equality, inferiority, and sin.
13.239.8
तेषां विशेषं वक्ष्यामि शृणु देवि समाहिता ।
दुस्त्यजस्य च वै दानं पात्र आनन्त्यमुच्यते ॥ १३.२३९.८ ॥
I will tell you their distinction; listen attentively, goddess. A gift of what is hard to give up, and a gift to a worthy recipient, is said to bring endless fruit.
13.239.9
दानं षङ्गुणयुक्तं तु महदित्यभिधीयते ।
यथाश्रद्धं तु वै दानं यथार्हं सममुच्यते ॥ १३.२३९.९ ॥
A gift endowed with six qualities is called great. A gift given according to faith, and a gift given according to what is fitting, are called equal.
13.239.10
गुणतस्तु तथा हीनं दानं हीनमिति स्मृतम् ।
दानं पातकमित्याहुः षड्गुणानां विपर्यये ॥ १३.२३९.१० ॥
A gift lacking in quality is remembered as inferior. When the six qualities are reversed, they say the gift is sin.
13.239.11
देवलोके महत्कालमान्त्यस्य फलं विदुः ।
महतस्तु तथा कालं स्वर्गलोके तु पूज्यते ॥ १३.२३९.११ ॥
In the world of the gods, they know, the fruit of an endless gift lasts a long time. A great gift is likewise honored for a long time in the heavenly world.
13.239.12
समस्य तु तदा दानं मानुष्यं भोगमावहेत् ।
दानं निष्फलमित्याहुर्विहीनं क्रियया शुभे ॥ १३.२३९.१२ ॥
A gift of equal measure then brings human birth and enjoyment. A gift lacking in right action, O auspicious one, is said to be fruitless.
13.239.13
अथवा म्लेच्छदेशेषु तत्र तत्फलतां व्रजेत् ।
नरकं प्रेत्य तिर्यक्षु गच्छेदशुभदानतः ॥ १३.२३९.१३ ॥
Or, in barbarian lands, he obtains its fruit there; from an inauspicious gift, after death he goes to hell or among animals.
13.239.14
अशुभस्यापि दानस्य शुभं स्याच्च फलं कथम् ॥ १३.२३९.१४ ॥
How can an inauspicious gift also have an auspicious fruit?
13.239.15
मनसा तत्वतः शुद्धमानृशंस्यपुरःसरम् ।
प्रीत्या तु सर्वदानानि दत्त्वा फलमवाप्नुयात् ॥ १३.२३९.१५ ॥
Purified in mind in truth, with non-cruelty as the foremost, giving all gifts with affection, one should obtain the fruit.
13.239.16
रहस्यं सर्वदानानामेतद्विद्धि शुभेक्षणे ।
अन्यानि धर्मकार्याणि शृणु सद्भिः कृतानि च ॥ १३.२३९.१६ ॥
O auspicious-eyed one, know this to be the secret of all gifts. Now hear of the other works of dharma done by the good.
13.239.17
आरामदेवगोष्ठानि संक्रमाः कूप एव च ।
गोवाटश्च तटाकश्च सभा शाला च सर्वशः ॥ १३.२३९.१७ ॥
Gardens, shrines and cow-pens, bridges, a well, a cow-enclosure, a tank, an assembly hall and a hall — these are works of dharma in every way.
13.239.18
पाषण्डावसथश्चैव पानीयं गोतृणानि च ।
व्याधितानां च भैषज्यमनाथानां च पोषणम् ॥ १३.२३९.१८ ॥
A shelter for heterodox ascetics, drinking water, fodder for cattle, medicine for the sick, and the support of the destitute.
13.239.19
अनाथशवसंस्कारस्तीर्थमार्गविशोधनम् ।
व्यसनाभ्यवपत्तिश्च सर्वेषां च स्वशक्तितः ॥ १३.२३९.१९ ॥
The funeral rite for one who has no protector, the cleansing of sacred paths, and aid to all in calamity, each according to one's own ability.
13.239.20
एतत्सर्वं समासेन धर्मकार्यमिति स्मृतम् ।
तत्कर्तव्यं मनुष्येण स्वशक्त्या श्रद्धया शुभे ॥ १३.२३९.२० ॥
In brief, all this is remembered as dharma-work. A person should do it with his own strength and with faith, O auspicious one.
13.239.21
प्रेत्यभावे लभेत्पुण्यं नास्ति तत्र विचारणा ।
रूपं सौभाग्यमारोग्यं बलं सौख्यं लभेन्नरः।
स्वर्गो वा मानुषे वाऽपि तैस्तैराप्यायते हि सः ॥ १३.२३९.२१ ॥
After death one obtains merit; there is no doubt about this. A man gains beauty, good fortune, health, strength and happiness; whether in heaven or in the human world, he is nourished by these very things.
13.239.22
भगवन्लोकपालेश धर्मस्तु कतिभेदकः ।
दृश्यते परितः सद्भिस्तन्मे शंसितुमर्हसि ॥ १३.२३९.२२ ॥
O blessed lord, lord of the world-guardians! How many kinds of dharma are seen on all sides among the good? You ought to tell me that.
13.239.23
शृणु देवि समुद्देशान्नानात्वं धर्मसङ्कटे ।
धर्मा बहुविधा लोके श्रुतिभेदमुखोद्भवाः ॥ १३.२३९.२३ ॥
Listen, O goddess, briefly to the diversity within the dilemmas of dharma. In the world dharmas are of many kinds, arising from the mouths of the various divisions of śruti.
13.239.24
स्मृतिधर्मश्च बहुधा सद्भिराचार इष्यते ॥ १३.२३९.२४ ॥
The dharma of remembered tradition is also manifold, and conduct is approved by the good in many ways.
13.239.25
देशधर्माश्च दृश्यन्ते कुलधर्मास्तथैव च ।
जातिधर्माश्च वै धर्मा गणधर्माश्च शोभने ॥ १३.२३९.२५ ॥
Regional duties are seen, and likewise family duties; caste duties too, and the duties of communities, O fair one.
13.239.26
शरीरकालवैषम्यादापद्धर्मश्च दृश्यते ।
एतद्धर्मस्य नानात्वं क्रियते लोकवासिभिः ॥ १३.२३९.२६ ॥
Because of differences of body and time, the duty of distress is also seen; this variety of duty is made by the people who dwell in the world.
13.239.27
कारणात्तत्रतत्रैव फलं धर्मस्य चेष्यते ।
तत्कारणसमायोगे लभेत्कुर्वन्फलं नरः ॥ १३.२३९.२७ ॥
According to the cause, the fruit of dharma is sought here and there; when that cause is joined, a man doing the deed obtains its fruit.
13.239.28
अन्यथा न लभेत्पुण्यमतदर्हः समाविशेत् ।
एवं धर्मस्य नानात्वं फलं कुर्वल्लँभेन्नरः ॥ १३.२३९.२८ ॥
Otherwise a man does not obtain merit; one who is not worthy of it should not enter it. Thus the variety of dharma, producing fruit, is obtained by a man.
13.239.29
श्रौतस्मार्तस्तु धर्माणां प्राकृतो धर्म उच्यते ।
इति ते कथितं देवि भूयः श्रोतुं किमिच्छसि ॥ १३.२३९.२९ ॥
That which is called the common dharma, among the Śrauta and Smārta duties. O goddess, this has been told to you; what more do you wish to hear?