Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.249
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13.249.1
एवं ब्रुवन्त्यां स्त्रीधर्मं देव्यां देवस्य शासनात् ।
ऋषिगन्धर्वयक्षाणां योषितश्चाप्सरोगणाः ॥ १३.२४९.१ ॥
As the goddess spoke thus of the duty of women, by the command of the god, the women of sages, gandharvas and yakṣas, and companies of apsarases came together.
13.249.2
नागभूतस्त्रियश्चैव नद्यश्चैव समागताः ।
श्रुतुकामाः परं वाक्यं सर्वाः पर्यवतस्थिरे ॥ १३.२४९.२ ॥
The serpent-women and the rivers also gathered together; all of them, desiring to hear the supreme words, stood around.
13.249.3
उमादेवी मुदा युक्ता पुज्यमानाऽङ्गनागणैः ।
आनृशंस्यपरा देवी सततं स्त्रीगणं प्रति ॥ १३.२४९.३ ॥
The goddess Umā, filled with joy, honored by throngs of women, intent on kindness, constantly turned her attention toward the company of women.
13.249.4
स्त्रीगणस्य हितार्थाय भवप्रियचिकीर्षया ।
वक्तुं वचनमारेभे स्त्रीणां धर्माश्रयान्वितम् ॥ १३.२४९.४ ॥
For the welfare of the company of women, desiring to please Bhava (Śiva), she began to speak words founded on the dharma of women.
13.249.5
भगवन्सर्वभूतेश श्रूयतां वचनं मम ।
ऋतुप्राप्ता सुशुद्दा या कन्या सेत्यभिधीयते ॥ १३.२४९.५ ॥
O Lord, lord of all beings, hear my words: she who has reached her season and is perfectly pure is called a maiden.
13.249.6
तां तु कन्यां पिता माता भ्राता मातुल एव वा ।
पितृव्यश्चैव पञ्चते दातुं प्रभवतां गताः ॥ १३.२४९.६ ॥
The persons who have authority to give that maiden in marriage are regarded as five: the father, the mother, the brother, the maternal uncle, or the paternal uncle.
13.249.7
विवाहाश्च तथा पञ्च तासां धर्मार्थकारणात् ।
कामतश्च मिथो दानमितरेतरकाम्यया ॥ १३.२४९.७ ॥
Marriages are of five kinds for the sake of dharma and wealth; and by desire, and by mutual wish, there is also giving between one another.
13.249.8
दत्ता यस्य भवेद्भार्या एतेषां येन केन चित् ।
दातारः सुविमृश्यैव दातुमर्हन्ति नान्यथा ॥ १३.२४९.८ ॥
Whichever of these a wife is given to whomever, the givers should give only after careful consideration, and not otherwise.
13.249.9
उत्तमानां तु वर्णानां मन्त्रवत्पाणिसङ्ग्रहः ।
विवाहकारणं चाहुः शूद्राणां सम्प्रयोगतः ॥ १३.२४९.९ ॥
For the higher classes, the taking of the hand with mantras is said to be the cause of marriage, and for the śūdras, union.
13.249.10
यदा दत्ता भवेत्कन्या तस्माद्भार्यार्थिने स्वकैः ।
तदाप्रभृति सा नारी दशरात्रं विलज्जया।
मनसा कर्मणा वाचा अनुकूला च सा भवेत् ॥ १३.२४९.१० ॥
When a maiden is given by her own people to one who seeks a wife, from that time on the woman should, for ten nights, in shame, be agreeable in mind, deed and speech.
13.249.11
इति भर्तृव्रतं कुर्यात्पतिमुद्दिश्य शोभना ।
तदाप्रभृति सा नारी न कुर्यात्पत्युरप्रियम् ॥ १३.२४९.११ ॥
Thus, the fair woman should keep the vow of devotion to her husband, having him in view; from that time on, the woman should not do anything displeasing to her husband.
13.249.12
यद्यदिच्छति वै भर्ता ध्रमकामार्थकारणात् ।
तथैवानुप्रिया भूत्वा तथैवोपचरेत्पतिम्।
पतिव्रतात्वं नारीणामेतदेव सनातनम् ॥ १३.२४९.१२ ॥
Whatever the husband desires, for the sake of dharma, desire and wealth, she should become pleasing to him and serve her husband in just that way; this very thing is the eternal devotion of women to their husbands.
13.249.13
तादृशी सा भवेन्नित्यं यादृशस्तु भवेत्पतिः ।
शुभाशुभसमाचार एतद्वृत्तं समासतः ॥ १३.२४९.१३ ॥
Such a wife should always be as her husband is; this, in brief, is the conduct of good and ill.
13.249.14
दैवतं सततं साध्वी भर्तारं या तु पश्यति ।
दैवमेव भवेत्तस्याः पतिरित्यवगम्यते ॥ १३.२४९.१४ ॥
For the virtuous woman who always regards her husband as a god, the husband himself becomes her deity; so it is understood.
13.249.15
एतस्मिन्कारणं देव पौराणी श्रूयते श्रुतिः ।
कथयामि प्रसादात्ते शृणु देव समासतः ॥ १३.२४९.१५ ॥
O god, the reason for this is heard in the ancient scripture. By your grace I shall tell it in brief; listen, O god.
13.249.16
कस्य चित्त्वथ विप्रस्य भार्ये द्वे हि बभूवतुः ।
तयोरेका धर्मकामा देवानुद्दिश्य भक्तितः ॥ १३.२४९.१६ ॥
A certain brahmin had two wives. One of them, desiring dharma, with devotion aimed her worship at the gods.
13.249.17
भर्तारमवमत्यैव देवतासु समाहिता ।
चकार विपुलं धर्मं पूजयानाऽर्चयाऽन्वितम् ॥ १३.२४९.१७ ॥
Disregarding her husband, she became wholly absorbed in the gods and performed a vast dharma, full of worship and offerings.
13.249.18
अपरा धर्मकामा च पतिमुद्दिश्य शोभना ।
भर्तारं दैवतं कृत्वा चकार किल तत्प्रियम् ॥ १३.२४९.१८ ॥
The other, a fair woman desiring dharma, aimed herself at her husband, made the husband her deity, and indeed did what pleased him.
13.249.19
एवं विवर्तमाने तु युगपन्मरणेऽध्वनि ।
गते किल महादेव तत्रैका या पतिव्रता।
देवप्रियायां तिष्ठन्त्यां पुण्यलोकं जगाम सा ॥ १३.२४९.१९ ॥
Thus, as all turned back together on the path of death, when Mahādeva had gone, the one faithful wife who was there, while Devapriyā remained standing, went to the world of merit.
13.249.20
देवप्रिया च तिष्ठन्ती विललाप सुदुःखिता ।
तां यमो लोकपालस्तु बभाषे पुष्कलं वचः ॥ १३.२४९.२० ॥
Devapriyā, standing, grieved deeply and lamented; then Yama, guardian of the worlds, spoke weighty words to her.
13.249.21
मा शुचस्त्वं निवर्तस्व न लोकाः सन्ति तेऽनघे ।
स्वधर्मविमुखा सा त्वं तस्माल्लोका न सन्ति ते ॥ १३.२४९.२१ ॥
Do not grieve; turn back. There are no worlds for you, blameless one. You have turned away from your own dharma, therefore there are no worlds for you.
13.249.22
देवता हि पतिर्नार्याः स्थापिता सर्वदैवतैः ।
अवमत्य शुभे तत्त्वं कथं लोकान्गमिष्यसि ॥ १३.२४९.२२ ॥
For a woman, the husband is the deity; this was established by all the gods. O auspicious one, disregarding that, how will you go to those worlds?
13.249.23
मोहेनि त्वं वरारोहे न जानीषे स्वदैवतम् ।
पतिमत्या स्त्रिया कार्यो धर्मः पत्यर्पणस्त्विति ॥ १३.२४९.२३ ॥
Through delusion, O fair-hipped one, you do not know your own deity. The dharma of a faithful wife is to surrender to her husband; this is what must be done.
13.249.24
तस्मात्त्वं हि निवर्तस्व कुरु पत्याश्रितं हितम् ।
तदा गन्तासि लोकांस्तान्यान्गच्छन्ति पतिव्रताः।
नान्यथा शक्यते प्राप्तुं पतीनां लोकमुत्तमम् ॥ १३.२४९.२४ ॥
Therefore turn back and do what is good, relying on your husband; then you will go to those worlds to which faithful wives go. Otherwise it is not possible to attain the supreme world of husbands.
13.249.25
यमेनैवंविधं चोक्ता निवृत्ता पुनरेव सा ।
बभूव पतिमालम्ब्य पतिप्रियपरायणा ॥ १३.२४९.२५ ॥
Thus addressed by Yama, she turned back again, clasped her husband, and gave herself wholly to what pleases her husband.
13.249.26
एवमेतन्महगादेव दैवतं हि स्त्रियाः पतिः ।
तस्मात्पतिपरा भूत्वा पतीनुपचरेदिति ॥ १३.२४९.२६ ॥
Indeed it is so: for a woman her husband is her god. Therefore, devoted to her husband, she should serve her husband.