Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.268
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13.268.1
ये च धर्ममसूयन्ते ये चैनं पर्युपासते ।
ब्रवीतु मे भवानेतत्क्व ते गच्छन्ति तादृशाः ॥ १३.२६८.१ ॥
Those who find fault with dharma, and those who serve it — tell me, where do such people go?
13.268.2
रजसा तमसा चैव समवस्तीर्णचेतसः ।
नरकं प्रतिपद्यन्ते धर्मविद्वेषिमो जनाः ॥ १३.२६८.२ ॥
Those whose minds are wholly overspread by passion and dullness, hostile to dharma, these people attain hell.
13.268.3
ये तु धर्मं महाराज सततं पर्युपासते ।
सत्यार्जवपराः सन्तस्ते वै स्वर्गभूजो नराः ॥ १३.२६८.३ ॥
But, great king, those who constantly serve dharma, the good who are devoted to truth and uprightness — these are the men who enjoy heaven.
13.268.4
धर्म एव रतिस्तेषामाचार्योपासनाद्भवेत् ।
देवलोकं प्रपद्यन्ते ये धर्मं पर्युपासते ॥ १३.२६८.४ ॥
Their delight lies in dharma alone, arising through serving the teacher. Those who serve dharma attain the world of the gods.
13.268.5
मनुष्या यदि वा देवाः शरीरमुपताप्य वै ।
धर्मिणः सुखमेधन्ते लोभद्वेषविवर्जिताः ॥ १३.२६८.५ ॥
Whether humans or gods, the righteous who discipline the body through austerity, free from greed and hatred, flourish in happiness.
13.268.6
प्रथमं ब्रह्म्णः पुत्रं धर्ममाहुर्मनीषिणः ।
धर्मिणः पर्युपासन्ते फलं पक्वमिवाशिनः ॥ १३.२६८.६ ॥
The wise call dharma the first son of Brahmā. The righteous serve him, like those who eat ripened fruit.
13.268.7
असाधोः कीदृशं शीलं साधोश्चैव तु कीदृशम् ।
ब्रवीतु मे भवानेतत्सन्तोऽसन्तश्च कीदृशाः ॥ १३.२६८.७ ॥
What is the conduct of the wicked, and what is the conduct of the good? Tell me, sir, what the good and the not-good are like.
13.268.8
दुराधाराश्च दुर्धर्षा दुर्मुखाश्चाप्यसाधवः ।
साधवः शीलसम्पन्नाः शिष्टाचारस्य लक्षणम् ॥ १३.२६८.८ ॥
Those who are unreliable, hard to approach, and foul-mouthed are also wicked. The good are endowed with good conduct; this is the mark of cultured behaviour.
13.268.9
राजमार्गे गवां मध्ये जनमध्ये च धर्मिणः ।
नोपसेचन्ति राजेन्द्र सर्गं मूत्रपुरीषयोः ॥ १३.२६८.९ ॥
On the royal road, among cattle, and in the midst of people, O lord of kings, the righteous do not void urine and excrement.
13.268.10
पञ्चानां यजनं कृत्वा शेषमश्नन्ति साधवः ।
न जल्पन्ति च भुञ्जाना न निद्रान्त्यार्द्रपाणयः ॥ १३.२६८.१० ॥
Having offered sacrifice to the five, the good eat what remains. While eating they do not chatter, and they do not sleep with wet hands.
13.268.11
चित्रभानुमपां देवं गोष्ठं चैव चतुष्पथम् ।
ब्राह्मणं धार्मिकं वृद्धं ये कुर्वन्ति प्रदक्षिणम् ॥ १३.२६८.११ ॥
Those who circumambulate fire, the god of the waters, the cow-pen, the crossroads, the righteous Brahmin, and the elder keeping them on their right — these are the good.
13.268.12
वृद्धानां भारतप्रानां स्त्रीणां बालातुरस्य च ।
ब्राह्मणानां गवां राज्ञां पन्थानं ददते च ये ॥ १३.२६८.१२ ॥
O best of the Bharatas, those who give way on the path to elders, women, children and the sick, Brahmins, cows and kings — these are the good.
13.268.13
अतिथीनां च सर्वेषां प्रेष्याणां स्वजनस्य च ।
सामान्यं भोजनं कुर्यात्स्वयं नाग्र्यशनं व्रजेत् ॥ १३.२६८.१३ ॥
One should eat a common meal with all guests, servants and kinsmen, and not take the best portion for oneself.
13.268.14
न सत्यार्जवधर्मस्य तुल्यमन्यच्च विद्यते ।
बहुला नाम गौस्तेन गतिमग्र्यां गता किल ॥ १३.२६८.१४ ॥
Nothing else equals the dharma of truth and uprightness. Indeed, the cow named Bahulā attained the highest state through it.
13.268.15
मुनिशापाद्द्विजः कश्चिद्व्याघ्रतां समुपागतः ।
बहुलां भक्षणरुचिरास्वाद्य शपथेन तु ॥ १३.२६८.१५ ॥
Through a sage's curse a certain brahmin had become a tiger. Desiring to devour, he tasted Bahulā, and then, under oath, let her go.
13.268.16
विमुच्य पीतवत्सां तां दृष्ट्वा स्मृत्वा पुरातनम् ।
जगाम लोकानमलान्सा स्वराष्ट्रं तथा पुनः ॥ १३.२६८.१६ ॥
Having released her, whose calf had suckled, and recalling the former matters, she went to the pure worlds, and so returned again to her own realm.
13.268.17
तस्मात्सत्यार्जवरतो राजन्राष्ट्रं समानवम् ।
तारयित्वा सुखं स्वर्गं गन्तासि भरतर्षभ ॥ १३.२६८.१७ ॥
Therefore, O king, devoted to truth and uprightness, carrying your realm across with its people, O bull of the Bharatas, you will go easily to heaven.
13.268.18
तथा शरणकामानां गोप्ता स्यात्स्वागतप्रदः ।
सायं प्रातर्मनुष्याणामशनं देवनिर्मितम्। ॥ १३.२६८.१८ ॥
Likewise, one should be a protector of those who seek refuge, giving them welcome. The food of humans, both evening and morning, is divinely ordained.
13.268.19
नान्तरा भोजनं दृष्टमुपवासविधिर्हि सः ।
होमकाले यथा वह्निः काले होमं प्रतीक्षते। ॥ १३.२६८.१९ ॥
Eating in between is not seen as proper; that is the rule of fasting, just as at the time of the offering the fire waits at the proper time for the oblation.
13.268.20
ऋतुकाले तथाऽऽधानं पितरश्च प्रतीक्षते ।
नान्यदा गच्छते यस्तु ब्रह्मचर्यं च तत्स्मृतम् ॥ १३.२६८.२० ॥
At the proper season the ancestors likewise await the establishing of the fire; he who does not approach at other times, that is declared to be celibacy.
13.268.21
अमृतं ब्राह्मणा गाव इत्येतत्त्रयमेकतः ।
तस्मादोब्राह्मणान्नित्यमर्चयेत यथाविधि ॥ १३.२६८.२१ ॥
Nectar, brahmins and cows are declared together as three; therefore one should always honour the brahmins according to rule.
13.268.22
यजुषां संस्कृतं मांसमुपभुञ्जत दुष्यति ।
पृष्ठमांसं वृथामांसं पुत्रमांसं च तत्समम् ॥ १३.२६८.२२ ॥
One who eats meat consecrated by the sacrificial formulas is still defiled; back-meat, purposeless meat and a son's flesh are equal to that.
13.268.23
स्वदेशे परदेशे वाऽप्यतिथिं नोपवासयेत् ।
कर्म वै सफलं कृत्वा गुरुणां प्रतिपादयेत् ॥ १३.२६८.२३ ॥
Whether in one's own land or a foreign one, one should not make a guest fast; having made the rite fruitful, one should present it to the elders.
13.268.24
गुरुभ्यस्त्वासनं देयमभिवाद्याभिपूज्य च ।
गुरुमभ्यर्च्य वर्धन्ते आयुषा यशसा श्रिया ॥ १३.२६८.२४ ॥
A seat should be given to the elders, after greeting and honouring them; by honouring the teacher, one grows in long life, fame and prosperity.
13.268.25
वृद्धान्नाभिभवेज्जातु न चैतान्प्रेषयेदिति ।
नासीनः स्यात्स्थितेष्वेवमायुरस्य न रिष्यते ॥ १३.२६८.२५ ॥
One should never slight the elders, nor send them on errands. Let one not sit while those standing are before him; thus his life is not diminished.
13.268.26
न नग्रामीक्षते नारीं न नग्रान्पुरुषानपि ।
मैथुनं सततं गुप्तं तपश्चैव समाचरेत् ॥ १३.२६८.२६ ॥
One should not look at a naked woman, nor at naked men either. Let one always practise sexual union in secret, and also practise austerity.
13.268.27
तीर्थानां गुरवस्तीर्थं शुचीनां हृदयं शुचि ।
दर्शनानां परं ज्ञानं सन्तोषः परमं सुखम् ॥ १३.२६८.२७ ॥
Teachers are the sacred place of sacred places; the heart is the purest of the pure. Knowledge is the highest of all views; contentment is the supreme happiness.
13.268.28
सायं प्रातश्च वृद्धानां शृणुयात्पुष्कला गिरः ।
श्रुतमाप्नोति हि नरः सततं वृद्धसेवया ॥ १३.२६८.२८ ॥
Morning and evening, one should listen to the rich words of the elders. Through constant service to the elders, a man indeed attains learning.
13.268.29
स्वाध्याये भोजने चैव दक्षिणं पाणिमुद्धरेत् ।
यच्छेद्वाङ्मनसी नित्यमिन्द्रियाणि तथैव च ॥ १३.२६८.२९ ॥
In study and in eating, one should raise the right hand. Always one should restrain speech, mind and the senses likewise.
13.268.30
संस्कृतं पायसं नित्यं यावकं कृसरं हविः ।
अष्टकाः पितृदैवत्या ग्रहाणामभिपूजनम् ॥ १३.२६८.३० ॥
Consecrated milk-porridge, barley gruel, rice with pulses, and oblations, daily; the Aṣṭakā rites belonging to the ancestors and deities; worship of the planets.
13.268.31
श्मश्रुकर्मणि मङ्गल्यं क्षुतानामभिनन्दनम् ।
व्याधितानां च सर्वेषामायुषामभिनन्दनम् ॥ १३.२६८.३१ ॥
In the shaving of the beard, what is auspicious is greeting those who sneeze, and greeting all the sick, wishing them long life.
13.268.32
न जातु त्वमिति ब्रूयादापन्नोपि महृत्तरम् ।
त्वंकारो वा वधो वेति विद्वत्सु न विशिष्यते।
अवराणां समानानां शिष्याणां च समाचरेत् ॥ १३.२६८.३२ ॥
Even in distress one should never address a greater person as 'you'; among the learned, saying 'tvam' or killing makes no distinction. One should conduct oneself the same way toward juniors, equals and disciples.
13.268.33
पापमाचरते नित्यं हृदयं पापकर्मणाम् ।
ज्ञानपूर्वकृतं कर्म च्छादयन्ते ह्यसाधवः ॥ १३.२६८.३३ ॥
The heart of evildoers constantly commits sin; the wicked also conceal deeds done knowingly.
13.268.34
ज्ञानपूर्वं विनश्यन्ति गूहमाना महाजने ।
न मां मनुष्याः पश्यन्ति न मां पश्यन्ति देवताः ॥ १३.२६८.३४ ॥
Those who conceal their knowingly committed sins before great people perish. Humans do not see me, and the gods do not see me.
13.268.35
पापेनाभिहितः पापः पापमेवाभिजायते ॥ १३.२६८.३५ ॥
The sinner, impelled by sin, gives birth only to sin.
13.268.36
यथा वार्धुषिको वृद्धिं दिनभेदे प्रतीक्षते ।
धर्मेण पिहितं पापं धर्ममेवाभिवर्धयेत् ॥ १३.२६८.३६ ॥
As a moneylender awaits the turn of the day for his interest to grow, so sin concealed by dharma waits; one should therefore increase dharma itself.
13.268.37
यथा लवणमम्भोभिराप्लुतं प्रविलीयते ।
प्रायश्चित्तहतं पापं तथा सद्यः प्रणश्यति ॥ १३.२६८.३७ ॥
As salt immersed in water dissolves away, so sin destroyed by expiation perishes at once.
13.268.38
तस्मात्पापं न गूहेत गूहमानं विवर्धते ।
कृत्वा तु सादुष्वाख्यायाधर्मं प्रशमयन्त्युत ॥ १३.२६८.३८ ॥
Therefore one should not conceal sin, for concealed sin grows. But having declared the wrong done before the good, they indeed calm it.
13.268.39
आशया सञ्चितं द्रव्यं स्वकाले नोपभुज्यते ।
अन्ये चैतत्प्रद्यन्ते वियोगे तस्य देहिनः ॥ १३.२६८.३९ ॥
Wealth accumulated in hope is not enjoyed in its own time; at the parting of the embodied being, others take it.
13.268.40
तद्धर्मसाधनं नित्यं सङ्कल्पाद्धनमार्जयेत् ।
मननं सर्वभूतानां धर्ममाहुर्मनीषिणः। ॥ १३.२६८.४० ॥
One should always earn wealth, which is the means of dharma, through resolve. The wise call dharma the thoughtful regard for all beings.
13.268.41
तस्मात्सर्वाणि भूतानि धर्ममेव समासते ।
एक एव चरेद्धर्मं न धर्मध्वजिको भवेत्। ॥ १३.२६८.४१ ॥
Therefore all beings indeed rely on dharma. One should practise dharma alone, and not become one who makes a display of dharma.
13.268.42
धर्मवाणिजका ह्येते ये धर्ममुपभुञ्जते ।
अर्चेद्देवानदम्भेन सेवेताऽमायया गुरून्। ॥ १३.२६८.४२ ॥
Those who live by consuming dharma are indeed traders in dharma. One should worship the gods without pretence, and serve the teachers without deceit.
13.268.43
धनं निदध्यात्पात्रेषु परत्रार्थं समावृतम् ॥ १३.२६८.४३ ॥
Let one place wealth in worthy recipients, for the benefit in the next world, well concealed and secured.