Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.38
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13.38.1
क्लिश्यमानेषु भूतेषु जातीमरणसागरे ।
यत्प्राप्य क्लेशं नाप्नोति तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥ १३.३८.१ ॥
While beings are tormented in the ocean of birth and death, tell me, grandsire, that by obtaining which one does not come to suffering.
13.38.2
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
सनत्कुमारस्य सतः संवादं नारदस्य च ॥ १३.३८.२ ॥
On this matter they also recount this ancient history: the dialogue of the venerable Sanatkumāra and Nārada.
13.38.3
सनत्कुमारो भगवान्ब्रह्मपुत्रो महायशाः ।
पूर्वजातास्त्रयस्तस्य कथ्यन्ते ब्रह्मवादिनः ॥ १३.३८.३ ॥
The blessed Sanatkumāra, son of Brahmā, of great fame — of the three brahma-expounders born before him it is told.
13.38.4
सनकः सनन्दनश्चैव तृतीयश्च सनातनः ।
जातमात्राश्च ते सर्वे प्रतिबुद्धा इति श्रुतिः ॥ १३.३८.४ ॥
Sanaka, Sanandana, and the third, Sanātana — all of them, as soon as they were born, were awakened; so the revelation says.
13.38.5
चतुर्थश्चैव तेषां स भगवान्योगवित्तमः ।
सनत्कुमार इति वै कथयन्ति महर्षयः ॥ १३.३८.५ ॥
And the fourth of them is the blessed Sanatkumāra, the foremost of yogins — so the great sages call him.
13.38.6
हैरण्यगर्भः स मुनिर्वसिष्ठः पञ्चमः स्मृतः ।
षष्ठः स्थाणुः स भगवानमेयात्मा त्रिशूलधृत् ॥ १३.३८.६ ॥
That sage Vasiṣṭha, born of the golden womb, is remembered as the fifth; the sixth is the blessed Sthāṇu, of immeasurable self, bearer of the trident.
13.38.7
ततोऽपरे समुत्पन्नाः पावकादारुणे क्रतौ ।
मनसा स्वयंभुवो हीमे मरीचिप्रमुखास्तथा ॥ १३.३८.७ ॥
Then others arose from the fire in the reddish sacrifice, and from the mind of the Self-existent one, Marīci and the others at their head likewise.
13.38.8
भुगुर्मरीचेरनुजो भृगोरप्यङ्गिरास्तथा ।
अनुजोङ्गिरसोऽथात्रिः पुलस्त्योत्रेस्तथाऽनुजः ॥ १३.३८.८ ॥
Bhṛgu was the younger brother of Marīci; the younger brother of Bhṛgu was Aṅgiras; the younger brother of Aṅgiras was Atri; and the younger brother of Atri was Pulastya.
13.38.9
पुलस्त्यस्यानुजो विद्वान्पुलहो न महाद्युतिः ।
पठ्यन्ते ब्रह्मजा ह्येते विद्वद्बिरमितौजसः ॥ १३.३८.९ ॥
The younger brother of Pulastya was the learned Pulaha, who was not greatly radiant. These are recited by the learned as the sons of Brahmā, of immeasurable power.
13.38.10
सर्वमेतन्महाराज कुर्वन्नादिगुरुर्महान् ।
प्रभुर्विभुरनन्तश्रीर्ब्रह्मा लोकपितामहः ॥ १३.३८.१० ॥
O great king, Brahmā, the primal teacher, the great lord, the all-pervading one of endless glory, the grandfather of the worlds, who does all this.
13.38.11
मूर्तिमन्तोऽमृतीभूतास्तेजसाऽतितपोन्विताः ।
सनकप्रभृतयस्तत्र ये च प्राप्ताः परं पदम्।
कृत्स्नं क्षयमनुप्राप्य विमुक्ता मूर्तिबन्धनात् ॥ १३.३८.११ ॥
The embodied ones who became immortal through radiance, endowed with great austerity — Sanaka and the others, who there attained the supreme state. Having reached complete dissolution, they were freed from the bond of embodiment.
13.38.12
सनत्कुमारस्तु विभुर्योगमास्थाय योगवित् ।
त्रीँल्लोकानचरच्छश्वदैर्येण परेण हि ॥ १३.३८.१२ ॥
But Sanatkumāra, the all-pervading knower of yoga, having taken up yoga, wandered constantly through the three worlds in the supreme and eternal manner.
13.38.13
रुद्रश्चाप्यष्टगुणितं योगं प्राप्तो महायशाः ।
सूक्ष्ममष्टगुणं राजन्नितरे नृपसत्तम ॥ १३.३८.१३ ॥
The greatly famed Rudra also attained the eightfold yoga. O king, best of kings, the others attained the subtle eightfold (yoga).
13.38.14
मरीचिप्रमुखास्तात सर्वे सृष्ट्यर्थमेव ते ।
नियुक्ता राजशार्दूल तेषां सृष्टिं शृणुष्व मे ॥ १३.३८.१४ ॥
Dear son, all of them headed by Marīci were appointed for the sake of creation alone. O tiger among kings, listen to me about their creation.
13.38.15
सप्त ब्रह्मण इत्येते पुराणे निश्चयं गताः ।
सर्वे वेदेषु चैवोक्ताः खिलेषु च न संशयः ॥ १३.३८.१५ ॥
These seven are established with certainty in the Purāṇas as the sons of Brahmā. All of them are declared in the Vedas and also in the supplements; there is no doubt.
13.38.16
इतिहासपुराणे च श्रुतिरेषा सनातनी ।
ब्राह्मणा वरदानेतान्प्राहुर्वेदान्तपारगाः ॥ १३.३८.१६ ॥
In the Itihāsas and Purāṇas too this revelation is eternal. Brahmins who have mastered the Vedānta declare these in the context of the granting of boons.
13.38.17
एतेषां पितरस्तात पुत्रा इत्यनुचक्षते ।
गणाः सप्त महाराज मूर्तयोऽमूर्तयस्तथा ॥ १३.३८.१७ ॥
Dear son, their fathers are spoken of as their sons. O great king, the seven groups, both embodied and unembodied.
13.38.18
पितृणां चैव राजेन्द्र पुत्रा देवा इति श्रुतिः ।
देवैर्व्याप्ता इमे लोका इत्येवमनुशुश्रुम ॥ १३.३८.१८ ॥
O lord of kings, the śruti holds that the sons of the ancestors are the gods. Thus have we heard that these worlds are pervaded by the gods.
13.38.19
कृष्णद्वैपायनाच्चैव देवस्थानात्तथैव त ।
देवलाच्च नरश्रेष्ठ काश्यपाच्च मया श्रुतम् ॥ १३.३८.१९ ॥
O best of men, I have heard this from Kṛṣṇa Dvaipāyana, from Devasthāna, likewise from Devala and from Kāśyapa.
13.38.20
गौतमादपि कौण्डिन्याद्बारद्वाजात्तथैव च ।
मार्कण्डेयात्तथैवैतदृषेर्देवमतादपि ॥ १३.३८.२० ॥
Likewise from Gautama, from Kauṇḍinya, from Bhāradvāja, from Mārkaṇḍeya, and from the sage Devamata.
13.38.21
पित्रा च मम राजेन्द्र श्राद्धकाले प्रभाषितम् ।
परं रहस्यं वेदान्तं प्रियं हि परमात्मनः ॥ १३.३८.२१ ॥
O lord of kings, at the time of the śrāddha rite my father too spoke the supreme secret Vedānta, dear indeed to the Supreme Self.
13.38.22
अतः परं प्रवक्ष्यामि यन्मां पृच्छसि भारतः ।
तदिहैकमनोबुद्धिः शृणुष्वावहितो नृप।
स्वायंभुवस्य संवादं नारदस्य च धीमतः ॥ १३.३८.२२ ॥
Now I shall tell you what you ask, O Bhārata. O king, listen attentively with a single mind and intellect to the dialogue of Svāyaṃbhuva (Manu) and the wise Nārada.
13.38.23
सनत्कुमारो भगवान्दिव्यं जज्वाल तेजसा ।
अङ्गुष्ठमात्रो भूत्वा वै विचचार महाद्युतिः ॥ १३.३८.२३ ॥
The venerable Sanatkumāra blazed with divine radiance; becoming no bigger than a thumb, the greatly brilliant one moved about.
13.38.24
स कदाचिन्महाभागो मेरुपृष्ठं समागमत् ।
नारदेन नरश्रेष्ठ मुनिना ब्रह्मवादिना ॥ १३.३८.२४ ॥
Once that greatly fortunate one came to the back of Mount Meru, O best of men, together with the sage Nārada, the speaker of Brahman.
13.38.25
जिज्ञासमानावन्योन्यं सकाशे ब्रह्मणस्ततः ।
ब्रह्म भागवतौ तात परमार्थार्थचिन्तकौ ॥ १३.३८.२५ ॥
Dear one, desiring to know each other, then in the presence of Brahmā, those two devotees, contemplating the meaning of the supreme truth, reflected upon Brahman.
13.38.26
मतिमान्मतिमच्छ्रेष्ठं बुद्धिमान्बुद्धिमत्तरम् ।
क्षेत्रवित्क्षेत्रविच्छ्रेष्ठं ज्ञानविज्ज्ञानमत्तमम् ॥ १३.३८.२६ ॥
The wisest of the wise, wiser still than the wise; best of those who know the field, most knowing of the knowers of knowledge.
13.38.27
सनत्कुमारं तत्वज्ञं भगवन्तमरिंदम ।
लोकविल्लोकविच्छ्रेष्ठमात्मविच्चात्मवित्तमम्।
सर्ववेदार्थकुशलं सर्वशास्त्रविशारदम् ॥ १३.३८.२७ ॥
Sanatkumāra, knower of truths, venerable one, subduer of foes; best of those who know the worlds, most knowing of those who know the self, skilled in the meaning of all the Vedas, expert in all the scriptures.
13.38.28
साङ्ख्ययोगं च यो वेद पाणावामलकं यथा ।
नारदोऽथ नरश्रेष्ठ तं पप्रच्छ महाद्युतिः ॥ १३.३८.२८ ॥
He who knows Sāṅkhya and Yoga as one knows an amalaka fruit in the palm; then Nārada, the greatly radiant one, best of men, asked him.
13.38.29
त्रयोविंशतितत्वस्य अव्यक्तस्य महामुने ।
प्रभवं चाप्ययं चैव श्रोतुमिच्छामि तत्वतः ॥ १३.३८.२९ ॥
O great sage, I wish to hear truly the origin and dissolution of the twenty-three principles and of the Unmanifest.
13.38.30
अध्यात्ममधिभूतं च अधिदैवं तथैव च ।
कालसङ्ख्याश्च सर्गं च स्रष्टारं पुरुषं प्रभुम्। ॥ १३.३८.३० ॥
The inner self, the elements, likewise the divine, the reckonings of time, creation, and the Puruṣa, lord and creator.
13.38.31
यं विस्वमुपजीवन्ति येन सर्वमिदं ततम् ।
यं प्राप्य न निवर्तन्ते तद्भवान्वक्तुमर्हति ॥ १३.३८.३१ ॥
You are fit to speak of him on whom the world depends, by whom all this is pervaded, and having attained whom none return.
13.38.32
यं विश्वमुपजीवन्ति यमाहुः पुरुषं परम् ।
तं वै शृणु महाबुद्धे नारायणमनामयम् ॥ १३.३८.३२ ॥
Hear now of him on whom the world depends and whom they call the Supreme Person — O one of great intellect, of Nārāyaṇa, the faultless one.
13.38.33
एष नारायणो नाम यं विश्वमुपजीवति ।
एष स्रष्टा विधाता च भर्ता पालयिता प्रभुः ॥ १३.३८.३३ ॥
This one, named Nārāyaṇa, is the one on whom the world depends. He is the creator, the disposer, the sustainer, the protector, the lord.
13.38.34
प्राप्यैनं न निवर्तन्ते यतयोऽध्यात्मचिन्तकाः ।
एतावदेव वक्तव्यं मया नारद पृच्छते ॥ १३.३८.३४ ॥
Having attained him, the ascetics devoted to contemplation of the self do not return. This much alone, O Nārada, must I tell you who ask.
13.38.35
परं न वेद्मि तत्सर्गं यावांश्चायं यथाप्यहम् ।
श्रूयतामानुपूर्व्येण न च सर्गः प्रयत्नतः ॥ १३.३८.३५ ॥
That creation, and how vast this is, I do not know fully, only as far as I know. Hear it in due order; creation is not to be grasped by effort.
13.38.36
यथा कालपरीमाणं तत्वानामृषिसत्तम ।
अध्यात्ममधिभूतं च अधिदैवं तथैव च।
कालसंख्यां च सर्गं च सर्वमेव महामुने ॥ १३.३८.३६ ॥
O best of sages, just as the measure of time of the principles, so too the inner self, the material world, and the divine; also the reckoning of time and creation — O great sage, all of this (I shall tell).
13.38.37
तमसः कुर्वतः सर्गं तामसो ह्यभिधीयते ।
ब्रह्मविद्भिर्द्विजैर्नित्यं नित्यमध्यात्मचिन्तकैः ॥ १३.३८.३७ ॥
He who makes the creation of darkness is called tāmasa, so say the knowers of Brahman, the twice-born who always contemplate the inner self.
13.38.38
पर्यायनामान्येतस्य कथयन्ति मनीषिणः ।
तानि ते सम्प्रवक्ष्यामि तदिहैकमनाः शृणु ॥ १३.३८.३८ ॥
The wise declare its synonymous names; I shall tell you those. Listen here with a single mind.
13.38.39
महार्णवोऽर्णवश्चैव सलिलं च गुणास्तथा ।
वेदास्तपांसि यज्ञाश्च धर्माश्च भगवान्विभुः।
प्राणः सांवर्तकोग्निश्च व्योम कालस्तथैव च ॥ १३.३८.३९ ॥
The great ocean, the ocean, water, the qualities, the Vedas, austerities, sacrifices and duties, the all-pervading blessed lord, breath, the fire of dissolution, the sky and time likewise.
13.38.40
नामान्येतानि ब्रह्मर्षे शरीरस्येश्वरस्य वै ।
कीर्तितानि द्विजश्रेष्ठ मया शास्त्रानुसारतः ॥ १३.३८.४० ॥
These, O seer of Brahman, are names of the body of the Lord; O best of the twice-born, I have declared them in accordance with the scriptures.
13.38.41
चतुर्युगसहस्राणि चतुर्युगमरिंदम ।
प्राहुः कल्पसहस्रं वै ब्राह्मणास्तत्वदर्शिनः ॥ १३.३८.४१ ॥
O subduer of enemies, the brahmins who see reality call a thousand four-yuga cycles one four-yuga, and say that it is equal to a thousand kalpas.
13.38.42
दशकल्पसहस्राणि अव्ययस्य महानिशा ।
तथैव दिवसं प्राहुर्योगाः सांख्याश्च तत्वतः ॥ १३.३८.४२ ॥
The great night of the imperishable lasts ten thousand kalpas; likewise the yogins and the sāṃkhyas, in truth, call it a day.
13.38.43
निशासुप्तोथ भगवान्क्षपान्ते प्रत्यबुध्यत ।
पश्चाद्बुद्ध्वा ससर्जापस्तासु वीर्यमवासृजत् ॥ १३.३८.४३ ॥
The blessed lord, asleep during the night, awoke at the end of the night. Having awakened, he created the waters and released his seed into them.
13.38.44
तदण्डमभवद्धैमं सहस्रांशुसमप्रभम् ।
अहंकृत्वा ततस्तस्मिन्ससर्ज प्रभुरीश्वरः ॥ १३.३८.४४ ॥
That became a golden egg, shining like a thousand suns. Then, taking on the ego-principle, the lord Īśvara created within it.
13.38.45
हिरण्यगर्भं विस्वात्मा ब्रह्माणां जलवन्मुनिम् ।
भूतभव्यभविष्यस्य कर्तारमनघं विभुम्।
मूर्तिमन्तं महात्मानं विश्वशभुं स्वयंभुवम् ॥ १३.३८.४५ ॥
The soul of the universe produced Hiraṇyagarbha, a sage among the Brahmās, like water, creator of what has been, is, and will be, blameless, all-pervading, embodied, the great soul, auspicious to the universe, self-existent.
13.38.46
अणिमा लघिमा प्राप्तिरीशानो ज्योतिषां नरम् ।
चक्रे तिरोधां भगवानेत्कृत्वा महायशाः ॥ १३.३८.४६ ॥
The lord Īśāna, master of the powers of minuteness, lightness, and attainment, made the man of the lights; having done this, the blessed lord of great fame concealed it.
13.38.47
एतस्यापि निशामाहुर्वेदवेदाङ्गपारगाः ।
पञ्चकल्पसहस्राणि अहरेतावदेव च ॥ १३.३८.४७ ॥
Those who have mastered the Vedas and their subsidiary sciences call this one's night five thousand kalpas; and his day is just as long.
13.38.48
स सर्गं कुरुत ब्रह्मा तामसश्चानुपूर्व्यशः ।
सृजतेऽहं त्वहंकारं परमेष्ठिनमव्ययम् ॥ १३.३८.४८ ॥
That Brahmā creates the creation in due order, of the nature of darkness; but I create the ego-principle, the supreme and imperishable lord.
13.38.49
अहङ्कारेणैव लोका व्याप्ताः साहंकृतेन वै ।
येनाविष्टानि भूतानि मज्जन्त्यव्यक्तसागरे ॥ १३.३८.४९ ॥
By egoism alone these worlds are pervaded, indeed by that which is possessed of self-assertion; possessed by which, beings sink into the ocean of the unmanifest.
13.38.50
देवर्षिदानवनरा यक्षगन्धर्वकिन्नराः ।
उन्मज्जन्ति निमज्जन्ति ऊर्ध्वाधस्तिर्यगेव च ॥ १३.३८.५० ॥
Gods, sages, demons, men, yakṣas, gandharvas and kinnaras emerge and sink again, upward, downward and sideways as well.
13.38.51
एतस्यापि निशामाहुस्तृतीयामथ कुर्वतः ।
त्रीणि कल्पसहस्राणि अहरेतावदेव तु ॥ १३.३८.५१ ॥
Of this also they call the night the third; for the one who creates, three thousand kalpas are the day, exactly so much.
13.38.52
अहङ्कारस्तु सृजति महाभूतानि पञ्च वै ।
पृथिवी वायुराकाशमापो ज्योतिश्च पञ्चमम् ॥ १३.३८.५२ ॥
But egoism creates the five great elements: earth, air, ether, water, and fire-light as the fifth.
13.38.53
एतेषां गुणतत्वानि पञ्च प्राहुर्द्विजातयः ।
शब्दे स्पर्शे च रूपे च रसे गन्धे तथैव च ॥ १३.३८.५३ ॥
The twice-born declare the principles of their qualities to be five: sound, touch, form, taste, and likewise smell.
13.38.54
गुणेष्वेतेष्वभिरताः पङ्कलग्ना इव द्विपाः ।
नोत्तिष्ठन्त्यवशीभूताः सक्ता अव्यक्तसागरे ॥ १३.३८.५४ ॥
Delighting in these qualities, like elephants stuck in mud, overpowered, they do not rise; attached in the ocean of the unmanifest.
13.38.55
एतेषामिह वै सर्वं चतुर्थमिह कुर्वतः ।
चतुर्युगसहस्रे वै अहोरात्रास्तथैव च ॥ १३.३८.५५ ॥
For one who here makes the fourth of these, everything occurs within a thousand cycles of four yugas, and so too the days and nights.
13.38.56
अनन्त इति विख्यातः पञ्चमः सर्ग उच्यते ।
इन्द्रियाणि दशैकं च यथाश्रुतिनिदर्शनात् ॥ १३.३८.५६ ॥
The fifth creation, known as Ananta, is spoken of: by the indication of the Vedic tradition it consists of the ten senses and one (the mind).
13.38.57
मनः सर्वमिदं तात विश्वं सर्वमिदं जगत् ।
न तथान्यानि भूतानि बलवन्ति यथा मनः ॥ १३.३८.५७ ॥
Dear child, the mind itself is this whole universe, this entire world; the other elements are not as powerful as the mind.
13.38.58
एतस्यापि ह वै सर्गं षष्ठमाहुर्द्विजातयः ।
अहः कल्पसहस्रं वै रात्रिरेतावती तथा ॥ १३.३८.५८ ॥
The twice-born also speak of its sixth creation: its day is a thousand kalpas, and its night is of the same length.
13.38.59
ऊर्ध्वस्रोतस्तु वै सर्गं सप्तमं ब्रह्मणो विदुः ।
अष्टमं चाप्यधःस्रोतस्तिर्यक्तु नवमः स्मृतः ॥ १३.३८.५९ ॥
They know the seventh creation of Brahmā as the upward-flowing; the eighth is the downward-flowing, and the transverse is remembered as the ninth.
13.38.60
एतानि नव सर्गाणि तत्वानि च महामुने ।
चतुर्विंशतितत्वानि तत्वसंख्यानि तेऽनघ ॥ १३.३८.६० ॥
These are the nine creations and principles, O great sage; the twenty-four principles are the reckoning of principles, O sinless one.
13.38.61
सर्वस्य प्रभवः पूर्वमुक्तो नारायणः प्रभुः ।
अव्ययः प्रभवश्चैव अव्यक्तस्य महामुने।
प्रवक्ष्याम्यपरं तत्वं यस्य यस्येश्वरश्च यः ॥ १३.३८.६१ ॥
Formerly it was declared that Nārāyaṇa, the lord, is the source of all. O great sage, he is imperishable, and he is also the source of the unmanifest. Now I shall declare another principle: whose lord is whom, and who is lord.
13.38.62
अध्यात्ममधिभूतं च अधिदैवं तथैव च ।
यथाश्रुतं यथादृष्टं तत्वतो वै निबोध मे ॥ १३.३८.६२ ॥
The inner self, the material elements and the divine powers, likewise, as heard and as seen, understand from me in truth.