Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.60
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13.60.1
किमाहुर्भरतश्रेष्ठ पात्रं विप्राः सनातनम् ।
ब्राह्मणं लिङ्गिनं चैव ब्राह्मणं वाऽप्यलिङ्गिनम् ॥ १३.६०.१ ॥
Best of the Bharatas, what do the brahmins call the eternal worthy recipient — the brahmin who bears the marks of an ascetic, or the brahmin who does not?
13.60.2
स्ववृत्तिमभिपन्नाय लिङ्गिने चेतराय च ।
देयमाहुर्महाराज उभावेतौ तपस्विनौ ॥ १३.६०.२ ॥
Gift should be given to one fallen into distress through loss of his livelihood, to one who bears the marks, and to the other as well; great king, both of these are ascetics.
13.60.3
श्रद्धया परयाऽपूतो यः प्रयच्छेद्द्विजातये ।
हव्यं कव्यं तथा दानं को दोषः स्यात्पितामह ॥ १३.६०.३ ॥
If a man, purified by supreme faith, offers havya, kavya and gifts to a twice-born man, what fault would there be in that, grandsire?
13.60.4
श्रद्धापूतो नरस्तात दुर्दान्तोऽपि न संशयः ।
पूतो भवति सर्वत्र किमुत त्वं महाद्युते ॥ १३.६०.४ ॥
A man purified by faith, my child, even if he is unruly, becomes pure everywhere, without doubt; great radiant one, how much more so you.
13.60.5
न ब्राह्मणं परिक्षेत दैवेषु सततं नरः ।
कव्यप्रदाने तु बुधाः परीक्ष्यं ब्राह्मणं विदुः ॥ १३.६०.५ ॥
A man should not constantly examine a brahmin in matters of the gods; but in giving kavya, the wise know that a brahmin ought to be examined.
13.60.6
न ब्राह्मणः साधयते हव्यं दैवात्प्रसिद्ध्यति ।
देवप्रसादादिज्यन्ते यजमानैर्न संशयः ॥ १३.६०.६ ॥
A brahmin does not accomplish the havya; it is fulfilled through the gods. By the grace of the gods the sacrifice is performed by the sacrificers — of this there is no doubt.
13.60.7
ब्राह्मणान्भरतश्रेष्ठ सततं ब्रह्मवादिनः ।
मार्कण्डेयः पुरा प्राह इति लोकेषु बुद्धिमान्।
ब्राह्मणाः पात्रभूताश्च शुद्धा नैवं पितृष्विह ॥ १३.६०.७ ॥
O best of the Bharatas, brahmins are always speakers of the sacred word, so the wise Mārkaṇḍeya declared of old among the worlds. Brahmins are worthy vessels and pure; it is not so here regarding the ancestors.
13.60.8
अपर्वोऽप्यथवा विद्वान्सम्बन्धी वा यथा भवेत् ।
तपस्वी यज्ञशीलो वा कथं पात्रं भवेत्तु सः ॥ १३.६०.८ ॥
Even if he is unlearned in the Vedas, or learned, or a kinsman, or an ascetic, or one devoted to sacrifice, how could he become a worthy vessel?
13.60.9
कुलीनः कर्मकृद्वैद्यस्तथैवाप्यनृशंस्यवान् ।
ह्रीमानृजुः सत्यवादी पात्रं पूर्वे च ये त्रयः ॥ १३.६०.९ ॥
The well-born, the one who performs his duties, the physician, likewise the compassionate, the modest, the upright and the truthful—these three former ones are worthy vessels.
13.60.10
तत्रेमं शृणु मे पार्थ चतुर्णां तेजसां मतम् ।
पृथिव्याः काश्यपस्याग्नेर्मार्कण्डेयस्य चैव हि ॥ १३.६०.१० ॥
O Pārtha, hear from me on this the view of the four splendours: of the earth, of Kaśyapa, of fire, and of Mārkaṇḍeya.
13.60.11
पृथिव्युवाच ।
यथा महार्णवे क्षिप्तः क्षिप्रं नेष्टुर्विनश्यति।
तथा दुश्चरितं सर्वं त्रयीनित्ये निमज्जति ॥ १३.६०.११ ॥
Pṛthivī said: As an offering cast into the great ocean is quickly lost, so all evil conduct sinks into the eternal Trayī (the Vedas).
13.60.12
सर्वे च वेदाः सह षङ्भिरङ्गैः ।
साङ्ख्यं पुराणं च कुले च जन्म।
नैतानि सर्वाणि गतिर्भवन्ति ।
शीलव्यपेतस्य नृप द्विजस्य ॥ १३.६०.१२ ॥
All the Vedas with their six limbs, the Sāṅkhya, the Purāṇas, and birth in a noble family — none of these become a refuge for a twice-born who lacks good conduct, O king.
13.60.13
अधीयानः पण्डितम्मन्यमानो ।
यो विद्यया हन्ति यशः परेषाम्।
ब्रह्मन्स तेन लभते ब्रह्मवध्यां ।
लोकास्तस्य ह्यन्तवन्तो भवन्ति ॥ १३.६०.१३ ॥
He who studies, thinking himself learned, and by his learning destroys the fame of others — O brahmin, through that he incurs the guilt of killing a brahmin, and his worlds become finite.
13.60.14
अश्वमेधसहस्रं च सत्यं च तुलया धृतम् ।
नाभिजानामि यज्ञं तु सत्यस्यार्धमवाप्नुयात् ॥ १३.६०.१४ ॥
A thousand horse-sacrifices and truth were weighed on a scale; I do not know the sacrifice, but one may obtain half the fruit of truth.
13.60.15
इत्युक्त्वा ते जग्मुराशु चत्वारोऽमिततेजसः ।
पृथिवी काश्यपोऽग्निश्च प्रकृष्टायुश्च भार्गवः ॥ १३.६०.१५ ॥
Having said this, the four of boundless splendour went away swiftly — Earth, Kāśyapa, Agni, and the Bhārgava Prakṛṣṭāyu.
13.60.16
यदि ते ब्राह्मणा लोके व्रतिनो भुञ्जते हविः ।
दत्तं ब्राह्मणकामाय कथं तत्सुकृतं भवेत् ॥ १३.६०.१६ ॥
If in the world the brahmins who keep vows eat the oblation, how can what is given for the sake of brahmins become a meritorious deed?
13.60.17
आदिष्टिनो ये राजेन्द्र ब्राह्मणा वेदपारगाः ।
भुञ्जते ब्रह्मकामाय व्रतलुप्ता भवन्ति ते ॥ १३.६०.१७ ॥
O lord of kings, those brahmins who are commissioned and are masters of the Vedas, if they eat for the sake of a brahmin's desire, they fall away from their vows.
13.60.18
अनेकान्तं बहुद्वारं धर्ममाहुर्मनीषिणः ।
किं निमित्तं भवेदत्र तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥ १३.६०.१८ ॥
The wise call dharma many-sided and of many doors. What is the cause of this? Grandsire, tell me that.
13.60.19
अहिंसा सत्यमकोध आनृशंस्यं दमस्तथा ।
आर्जवं चैव राजेन्द्र निश्चितं धर्मलक्षणम् ॥ १३.६०.१९ ॥
Non-violence, truth, freedom from anger, compassion, self-restraint and uprightness, O lord of kings — these are the settled marks of dharma.
13.60.20
ये तु धर्मं प्रशंसन्तश्चरन्ति पृथिवीमिमाम् ।
अनाचरन्तस्तद्धर्म सङ्करेऽभिरता प्रभो ॥ १३.६०.२० ॥
But those who wander this earth praising dharma yet do not practise that dharma, delighting in confusion of castes, O lord —
13.60.21
तेभ्यो हिरण्यं रत्नं वा गामश्वं वा ददाति यः ।
दशवर्षाणि विष्ठां स भुङ्क्ते निरयमास्थितः ॥ १३.६०.२१ ॥
Whoever gives them gold, a jewel, a cow or a horse eats excrement for ten years, dwelling in hell.
13.60.22
धनेन पुल्कसानां च तथैवान्तेवसायिनाम् ।
कृतं कर्माकृतं वाऽपि रागमोहेन जल्पताम् ॥ १३.६०.२२ ॥
To the pulkasas with wealth, and likewise to the antevasins — whether the deed be done or undone — to those who babble through passion and delusion —
13.60.23
वैश्वदेवं च ये मूढा विप्राय ब्रह्मचारिणे ।
न ददन्तीह राजेन्द्र ते लोकान्भुञ्जतेऽशुभान् ॥ १३.६०.२३ ॥
Those foolish ones who here do not give the Vaiśvadeva offering to a brahmin or a celibate student, O lord of kings — they enjoy inauspicious worlds.
13.60.24
किं परं ब्रह्मचर्यं च किं परं धर्मलक्षणम् ।
किञ्च श्रेष्ठतमं शौचं तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥ १३.६०.२४ ॥
What is the highest celibate discipline, what is the highest mark of dharma, and what is the most excellent purity? Tell me that, grandsire.
13.60.25
ब्रह्मचर्यं परं तात मधुमांसस्य वर्जनम् ।
मर्यादायां स्थितो धर्मः शमः शौचस्य लक्षणम् ॥ १३.६०.२५ ॥
Celibate discipline is the highest, dear child, and so is abstaining from honey and meat. Dharma is steadfastness within proper bounds; calm is the mark of purity.
13.60.26
कस्मिन्काले चरेद्धर्म कस्मिन्कालेऽर्थमाचरेत् ।
कस्मिन्काले सुखी च स्यात्तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥ १३.६०.२६ ॥
At what time should one practice dharma, at what time should one pursue wealth, and at what time does one become happy? Tell me that, grandsire.
13.60.27
काल्यमर्थं निषेवेत ततो धर्ममनन्तरम् ।
पश्चात्कामं निषेवेत न च गच्छेत्प्रसङ्गिताम् ॥ १३.६०.२७ ॥
In the early part of the day one should pursue wealth, then dharma, and afterwards desire; one should not fall into attachment.
13.60.28
ब्राह्मणांश्चैव मन्येत गुरूंश्चाप्यभिपूजयेत् ।
सर्वभूतानुलोमश्च मृदुशीलः प्रियंवदः ॥ १३.६०.२८ ॥
One should honor brahmins and worship one's teachers well; one should be kind to all beings, gentle of nature, and speak pleasantly.
13.60.29
अधिकारे यदनृतं यच्च राजसु पैशुनम् ।
गुरोश्चालीकनिर्बन्धः समानि ब्रह्महत्यया ॥ १३.६०.२९ ॥
Lying about one's authority, tale-bearing to kings, and insisting on falsehood before a teacher are all equal to the killing of a brahmin.
13.60.30
प्रहरेन्न नरेन्द्रेषु न हन्याद्गां तथैव च ।
भ्रूणहत्यासमं चैतदुभयं ये निषेधते ॥ १३.६०.३० ॥
One should not strike kings, nor kill a cow; whoever forbids both of these keeps away from a sin equal to killing an embryo.
13.60.31
नाग्निं परित्यजेज्जातु न च वेदान्परित्यजेत् ।
न च ब्राह्मणमाक्रोशेत्समं तद्ब्रह्महत्यया ॥ १३.६०.३१ ॥
One should never abandon the sacred fire, nor forsake the Vedas, nor revile a brahmin; that is equal to the killing of a brahmin.
13.60.32
कीदृशाः साधवो विप्राः केभ्यो दत्तं महाफलम् ।
कीदृशानां च भोक्तव्यं तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥ १३.६०.३२ ॥
What kind of virtuous brahmins are they, and to whom does a gift bring great fruit? And of what kind should one feed? Tell me this, grandfather.
13.60.33
अक्रोधना धर्मपराः सत्यनित्या दमे रताः ।
तादृशाः साधवो विप्रास्तेभ्यो दत्तं महाफलम् ॥ १३.६०.३३ ॥
Those free from anger, devoted to dharma, constant in truth, and delighting in self-restraint — such are the virtuous brahmins; a gift given to them brings great fruit.
13.60.34
अमानिनः सर्वसहा दृढार्था विजितेन्द्रियाः ।
सर्वभूतहिता मैत्रास्तेभ्यो दत्तं महाफलम् ॥ १३.६०.३४ ॥
Those free from pride, enduring all things, firm in purpose, having conquered their senses, benevolent to all beings and friendly — a gift given to them brings great fruit.
13.60.35
अलुब्धाः शुचयो वैद्या ह्रीमन्तः सत्यवादिनः ।
स्वकर्मनिरता ये च तेभ्यो दत्तं महाफलम् ॥ १३.६०.३५ ॥
Those free from greed, pure, learned, modest, speakers of truth, and devoted to their own duties — a gift given to them brings great fruit.
13.60.36
साङ्गांश्च चतुरो वेदानधीते यो द्विजर्षभः ।
षड्भ्यः प्रवृत्तः कर्मभ्यस्तं पात्रमृषयो विदुः ॥ १३.६०.३६ ॥
The twice-born bull who studies the four Vedas with their subsidiary limbs, and who is devoted to the six duties, is known by the sages as a worthy recipient.
13.60.37
ये त्वेवंगुणजातीयास्तेभ्यो दत्तं महाफलम् ।
सहस्रगुणमाप्नोति गुणार्हाय प्रदायकः ॥ १३.६०.३७ ॥
But what is given to those of such qualities and class yields great fruit; the giver to one worthy of merit obtains a thousandfold.
13.60.38
प्रज्ञाश्रुताभ्यां वृत्तेन शीलेन च समन्वितः ।
तारयेत कुलं सर्वमेकोऽपीह द्विजर्षभः।
तृप्ते तृप्ताः सर्वदेवाः पितरो मुनयोपि च ॥ १३.६०.३८ ॥
The twice-born bull endowed with wisdom, learning, conduct and character can save his whole lineage, even alone here; when he is satisfied, all the gods, the ancestors and the sages are satisfied too.
13.60.39
गामश्वं वित्तमन्नं वा तद्विधे प्रतिपादयेत् ।
द्रव्याणि चान्यानि तथा प्रेत्यभावे न शोचति ॥ १३.६०.३९ ॥
A cow, a horse, wealth or food, or other such goods, should be given to one of that kind; the giver who does so does not grieve in the world beyond.
13.60.40
तारयेत कुलं सर्वमेकोपि ह द्विजोत्तमः ।
किमङ्ग पुनरेवैते तस्मात्पात्रं समाचरेत् ॥ १३.६०.४० ॥
The best of the twice-born, even alone, can save the whole lineage; how much more so these! Therefore one should seek out a worthy recipient.
13.60.41
निशाम्य च गुणोपेतं ब्राह्मणं साधुसम्मतम् ।
दूरादानाय्य सत्कृत्य सर्वतश्चापि पूजयेत् ॥ १३.६०.४१ ॥
Having observed a brahmin endowed with merit and approved by the good, one should summon him from afar, honour him, and worship him in every way.