Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.62
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13.62.1
पित्र्यं वाऽप्यथवा दैवं दीयते यत्पितामह ।
एतदिच्छाम्यहं ज्ञातुं दत्तं केषु महाफलम् ॥ १३.६२.१ ॥
Grandsire, I wish to know: a gift made for the ancestors or for the gods, to whom given does it bear great fruit?
13.62.2
येषां दाराः प्रतीक्षन्ते सुवृष्टिमिव कर्षकाः ।
उच्छेषपरिशेषं हि तान्भोजय युधिष्ठिर ॥ १३.६२.२ ॥
Those whose wives wait for them as farmers wait for good rain — to them, Yudhiṣṭhira, feed the leftovers and remnants.
13.62.3
चारित्रनिरता राजन्ये कृशाः कृशवृत्तयः ।
अर्थिनश्चोपगच्छन्ति तेषु दत्तं महाफलम् ॥ १३.६२.३ ॥
To the kshatriyas devoted to right conduct, lean and living in hardship, to whom supplicants come — gifts given to them bear great fruit.
13.62.4
तद्भक्तास्तद्गृहा राजंस्तद्बलास्तदपाश्रयाः ।
अर्थिनश्च भवन्त्यर्थे तेषु दत्तं महाफलम् ॥ १३.६२.४ ॥
O king, those devoted to him, dwelling in his house, relying on his strength and shelter, who become supplicants for wealth — gifts given to them bear great fruit.
13.62.5
तस्करेभ्यः परेभ्यो वा हृतस्वा भयदुःखिताः ।
अर्थिनो भोक्तुमिच्छन्ति तेषु दत्तं महाफलम् ॥ १३.६२.५ ॥
Supplicants whose goods have been seized by thieves or enemies, afflicted with fear and sorrow, desire to eat — gifts given to them bear great fruit.
13.62.6
अकल्ककस्य विप्रस्य रौक्ष्यात्करकृतात्मनः ।
वटवो यस्य भिक्षन्ति तेभ्यो दत्तं महाफलम् ॥ १३.६२.६ ॥
The faultless brahmin who, through harsh austerity and by his own hands, has made himself whole — to him the brahmin boys beg alms; gifts given to them bear great fruit.
13.62.7
हृतस्वा हृतदाराश्च ये विप्रा देशसम्प्लवे ।
अर्थार्थमभिगच्छन्ति तेभ्यो दत्तं महाफलम् ॥ १३.६२.७ ॥
To those brahmins whose possessions and wives have been seized in a time of national ruin, who go about seeking wealth, a gift brings great fruit.
13.62.8
व्रतोनो नियमस्थाश्च ये विप्राः श्रुतसम्मताः ।
तस्मपाप्त्यर्थमिच्छन्ति तेभ्यो दत्तं महाफलम् ॥ १३.६२.८ ॥
To those brahmins who keep vows and abide by observances, who are esteemed for their learning and desire to attain that aim, a gift brings great fruit.
13.62.9
अत्युत्क्रान्ताश्च धर्मेषु पाषण्डस्रमयेषु च ।
कृशप्राणाः कृशघनास्तेभ्यो दत्तं महाफलम् ॥ १३.६२.९ ॥
To those who have strayed far from the duties of dharma and fallen into heretical practices, whose life-breath is weak and whose bodies are emaciated, a gift brings great fruit.
13.62.10
कृतसर्वस्वहरणा निर्दोषाः प्रभविष्णुभिः ।
स्पृहयन्ति च भुक्त्वाऽन्नं तेषुदत्तं महाफलम् ॥ १३.६२.१० ॥
To those whose all possessions have been seized by the powerful, who are blameless and long for food even after eating, a gift brings great fruit.
13.62.11
तपस्विनस्तपोनिष्ठास्तेषां भैक्षचराश्च ये ।
अर्थिनः किञ्चिदिच्छन्ति तेषु दत्तं महाफलम् ॥ १३.६२.११ ॥
To ascetics devoted to austerity, among them those who wander begging alms, and those who seek something, a gift brings great fruit.
13.62.12
महाफलविधिर्दाने श्रुतस्ते भरतर्षभ ।
निरयं येन गच्छन्ति स्वर्गं चैव हि तत्छृणु ॥ १३.६२.१२ ॥
O best of the Bharatas, you have heard the rule of great fruit in giving; now listen to that by which people go to hell and also to heaven.
13.62.13
व्रतानां पारणार्थाय गुर्वर्थे यज्ञदक्षिणाम् ।
निर्वेशार्थं च विद्वांसस्तेषां दत्तं महाफलम् ॥ १३.६२.१३ ॥
The gift given to learned men for breaking vows, for the teacher, as sacrificial fee, and for their livelihood brings great reward.
13.62.14
पित्रोश्च रक्षणार्थाय पुत्रदारार्थमेव वा ।
महाव्याधिविमोक्षार्थं तेषु दत्तं महाफलम् ॥ १३.६२.१४ ॥
The gift given to them for protecting one's parents, for sons and wife, or for release from great disease brings great reward.
13.62.15
बालाः स्त्रियश्च वाञ्छन्ति सुभक्तं चाप्यसाधनाः ।
स्वर्गमायान्ति दत्त्वैषां निरयान्नोपयान्ति ते॥ ॥ १३.६२.१५ ॥
Children, women, and the destitute also desire good food. By giving to them they go to heaven and do not go to hell.
13.62.16
गुर्वर्थमभयार्थं वा वर्जयित्वा युधिष्ठिर ।
येऽनृतं कथयन्ति स्म ते वा निरयगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.१६ ॥
O Yudhiṣṭhira, except for the sake of a teacher or for protection from fear, those who speak falsehood go to hell.
13.62.17
परदाराभिहर्तारः परदाराभिमर्शिनः ।
परदारप्रयोक्तास्ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.१७ ॥
Those who seize another's wife, who touch another's wife, and who incite others to another's wife — they indeed go to hell.
13.62.18
ये परस्वापहर्तारः परस्वानां च नाशकाः ।
सूचकाश्च परेषां ये ते वा निरयगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.१८ ॥
Those who seize others' property, who destroy others' wealth, and who inform against others — they go to hell.
13.62.19
प्रपाणां च सभानां च संक्रमाणां च भारत ।
अगाराणां च भेत्तारो नरा निरयगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.१९ ॥
O Bhārata, men who break water-places, assembly halls, bridges and houses go to hell.
13.62.20
अनाथां प्रमदां बालां वृद्धां भीतां तपस्विनीम् ।
वञ्चयन्ति नरा ये च ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.२० ॥
Men who deceive an unprotected woman, a young girl, an old woman, a frightened woman or an ascetic woman go to hell.
13.62.21
वृत्तिच्छेदं गृहच्छेदं दारच्छेदं च भारत ।
मित्रच्छेदं तथाऽऽशायास्ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.२१ ॥
O Bhārata, those who cut off livelihood, household, marriage, friendship and hope go to hell.
13.62.22
सूचकाः सेतुभेत्तारः परवृत्त्युपजीवकाः ।
अकृतज्ञाश्च मित्राणां ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.२२ ॥
Informers, breakers of bridges of trust, those who live off others' livelihood, and those ungrateful to friends go to hell.
13.62.23
पाषण्डा दूषकाश्चैव समयानां च दूषकाः ।
ये प्रत्यवसिताश्चैव ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.२३ ॥
Heretics, defilers of sacred agreements and vows, and those who stubbornly turn away go to hell.
13.62.24
विषमव्यवहाराश्च विषमाश्चैव वृद्धिषु ।
लाभेषु विषमाश्चैव ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.२४ ॥
Those who deal unjustly, and are crooked in interest and profits, go to hell.
13.62.25
दूतसंव्यवहाराश्च निष्परीक्षाश्च मानवाः ।
प्राणिहिंसाप्रवृत्ताश्चि ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.२५ ॥
Those men who deal with envoys, who act without examination, and who are given to harming living beings — they indeed go to hell.
13.62.26
कृताशं कृतनिर्देशं कृतभक्तं कृतश्रमम् ।
भेदैर्ये व्यपकर्षन्ति ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.२६ ॥
Those who drag down, by sowing discord, men who have been given hope, been given orders, been fed, and been made to labour — they indeed go to hell.
13.62.27
पर्यश्नन्ति च ये दारानग्निभृत्यातिथींस्तथा ।
उत्सन्नपितृदेवेज्यास्ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.२७ ॥
Those who eat before their wives, the fire-attendants and guests, and who have given up the worship of the ancestors and gods — they indeed go to hell.
13.62.28
वेदविक्रयिणश्चैव वेदानां चैव दूषकाः ।
वेदानां लेखकाश्चैव ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.२८ ॥
Those who sell the Vedas, who corrupt the Vedas, and who write down the Vedas (falsely) — they indeed go to hell.
13.62.29
चातुराश्रम्यबाह्याश्च श्रुतिबाह्याश्च ये नराः ।
विकर्मभिश्च जीवन्ति ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.२९ ॥
Those men who stand outside the four stages of life and outside the Vedic revelation, and who live by forbidden deeds — they indeed go to hell.
13.62.30
केशविक्रयिका राजन्विषविक्रयिकाश्च ये ।
क्षीरविक्रयिकाश्चैव ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.३० ॥
O king, those who sell hair, who sell poison, and who sell milk — they indeed go to hell.
13.62.31
ब्राह्मणानां गवां चैव कन्यानां च युधिष्ठिर ।
येऽन्तरायान्ति कार्येषु ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.३१ ॥
O Yudhiṣṭhira, those who obstruct the affairs of brahmins, cows and maidens are surely bound for hell.
13.62.32
शस्त्रविक्रयिकाश्चैव कर्तारश्च युधिष्ठिर ।
शल्यानां धनुषां चैव ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.३२ ॥
O Yudhiṣṭhira, those who sell weapons and those who make arrows and bows are surely bound for hell.
13.62.33
शिलाभिः शङ्कुभिर्वाऽपि श्वर्भ्रैर्वा भरतर्षभ ।
ये मार्गमनुरुन्धन्ति ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.३३ ॥
O bull of the Bharatas, those who block the path with stones, stakes or pits are surely bound for hell.
13.62.34
उपाध्यायांश्च भृत्यांश्च भक्तांश्च भरतर्षभ ।
ये त्यजन्त्यविकारांस्त्रींस्ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.३४ ॥
O bull of the Bharatas, those who abandon teachers, servants and dependents, and steadfast women, are surely bound for hell.
13.62.35
अप्राप्तदमकाश्चैव नासानां वेधकाश्च ये ।
बन्धकाश्च पशूनां ये ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.३५ ॥
Those who do not tame animals, who pierce their noses, and who bind them are surely bound for hell.
13.62.36
अगोप्तारश्च राजानो बलिषड्भागतस्कराः ।
समर्थाश्चाप्यदातारस्ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.३६ ॥
Kings who fail to protect, who steal the sixth part of the tax, and who, though able, do not give, are surely bound for hell.
13.62.37
क्षान्तान्दान्तांस्तथा प्राज्ञान्दीर्घकालं सहोषितान् ।
त्यजन्ति कृतकृत्या ये ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.३७ ॥
Those who, their aims accomplished, abandon the forbearing, self-controlled and wise people who have lived with them for a long time—they indeed are bound for hell.
13.62.38
बालानामथ वृद्धानां दासानां चैव ये नराः ।
अदत्त्वा भक्षयन्त्यग्रे ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.३८ ॥
Men who eat first themselves, without giving to the children, the elders and the servants—they indeed are bound for hell.
13.62.39
एते पूर्वं विनिर्दिष्टाः प्रोक्ता निरयगामिनः ।
भागिनः स्वर्गलोकस्य वक्ष्यामि भरतर्षभ ॥ १३.६२.३९ ॥
These, described earlier, were declared to be bound for hell. Now I shall speak, bull of the Bharatas, of those who share in the world of heaven.
13.62.40
सर्वेष्वेव तु कार्येषु दैवपूर्वेषु भारत ।
हन्ति पुत्रान्पशून्कृत्स्नान्ब्राह्मणातिक्रमः कृतः ॥ १३.६२.४० ॥
O Bhārata, in all undertakings, beginning with rites to the gods, an offence committed against brahmins destroys sons and all cattle.
13.62.41
दानेन तपसा चैव सत्येन च युधिष्ठिर ।
ये धर्ममनुवर्तन्ते ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.४१ ॥
O Yudhiṣṭhira, men who follow dharma through giving, austerity and truthfulness—they are bound for heaven.
13.62.42
शुश्रूषाभिस्तपोभिश्च विद्यामादाय भारत ।
ये प्रतिग्रहनिःस्नेहास्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.४२ ॥
O Bhārata, men who, having gained learning through service and austerity, are free from attachment to receiving gifts—they are bound for heaven.
13.62.43
भयात्पाषात्तथा बाधाद्दारिद्र्याद्व्याधिधर्षणात् ।
तत्कृते धनमीप्सन्ते ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.४३ ॥
Those men who, out of fear, out of sin, likewise out of oppression, out of poverty, or out of being overcome by disease, desire wealth for that purpose — those men go to heaven.
13.62.44
क्षमावन्तश्च धीराश्च धर्मकार्येषु चोत्थिताः ।
मङ्गलाचारसम्पन्नाः पुरुषाः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.४४ ॥
Men who are forbearing and steadfast, who are engaged in works of dharma, endowed with auspicious conduct — those men go to heaven.
13.62.45
निवृत्ता मधुमांसेभ्यः परदारेभ्य एव च ।
निवृत्ताश्चैव मद्येभ्यस्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.४५ ॥
Those men who abstain from honey and flesh, from others' wives, and likewise abstain from liquor — those men go to heaven.
13.62.46
आश्रमाणां च कर्तारः कुलानां चैव भारत ।
देशानां नगराणां च ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.४६ ॥
O Bhārata, those men who are makers of hermitages, of families, and of countries and cities — those men go to heaven.
13.62.47
वस्त्राभरणदातारो भक्ष्यपानान्नदास्तथा ।
कुटुम्बानां च भर्तारः पुरुषाः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.४७ ॥
Those men who give clothing and ornaments, who give food, drink and grain, and likewise are supporters of households — those men go to heaven.
13.62.48
सर्वहिंसानिवृत्ताश्च नराः सर्वसहाश्च ये ।
सर्वस्याश्रयभूताश्च ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.४८ ॥
Those men who are free from all violence, who endure everything, and who are a refuge for all — those men go to heaven.
13.62.49
मातरं पितरं चैव शुश्रुषन्ति जितेन्द्रियाः ।
भ्रातॄणां चैव सस्नेहास्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.४९ ॥
Those men who, with senses controlled, serve mother and father and remain affectionate toward their brothers — those men go to heaven.
13.62.50
आढ्याश्च बलवन्तश्च यौवनस्थाश्च भारत ।
ये वै जितेन्द्रिया धीरास्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.५० ॥
O Bhārata, those men who are wealthy, strong, and in the prime of youth, yet are self-controlled and steadfast — those men go to heaven.
13.62.51
अपराधिषु सस्नेहा मृदवो मृदुवत्सलाः ।
आराधनसुखाश्चापि पुरुषाः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.५१ ॥
Those men who, even toward wrongdoers, are affectionate, gentle, and tender, and who find joy in pleasing others — those men too go to heaven.
13.62.52
सहस्रपरिवेष्टारस्तथैव च सहस्रदाः ।
त्रातारश्च सहस्राणां ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.५२ ॥
Those men who serve food to thousands, who give gifts to thousands, and who protect thousands — those men go to heaven.
13.62.53
सुवर्णस्य च दातारो गवां च भरतर्षभ ।
यानानां वाहनानां च ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.५३ ॥
O best of the Bharatas, those men who give gold, cows, chariots, and conveyances — those men go to heaven.
13.62.54
वैवाहिकानां द्रव्याणां प्रेष्याणां च युधिष्ठिर ।
दातारो वाससां चैव ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.५४ ॥
O Yudhiṣṭhira, those men who give wedding gifts, servants, and garments — those men go to heaven.
13.62.55
विहारावसथोद्यानकूपारामसभाप्रपा ।
वप्राणां चैव कर्तारस्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.५५ ॥
Those men who build pleasure-houses, dwellings, gardens, wells, groves, assembly halls, water-booths, and ramparts go to heaven.
13.62.56
निवेशनानां क्षेत्राणां वसतीनां च भारत ।
दातारः प्रार्थितानां च ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.५६ ॥
O Bhārata, those men who give dwelling-sites, fields, and shelters to those who ask go to heaven.
13.62.57
रसानां चाथ बीजानां धान्यानां च युधिष्ठिर ।
स्वयमुत्पाद्य दातारः पुरुषाः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.५७ ॥
O Yudhiṣṭhira, those men who, having themselves produced juices, seeds, and grains, give them away go to heaven.
13.62.58
यस्मिंस्तस्मिन्कुले जाता बहुपुत्राः शतायुषः ।
सानुक्रोशा जितक्रोधाः पुरुषाः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥ १३.६२.५८ ॥
Men born in whatever family, who have many sons, live a hundred years, are compassionate, and have conquered anger, go to heaven.
13.62.59
एतदुक्तममुत्रार्थं दैवं पित्र्यं च भारत ।
दानधर्मं च दानस्य यत्पूर्वमृषितिः कृतम् ॥ १३.६२.५९ ॥
O Bhārata, this has been told, the giving-duty for the next world, divine and ancestral, which the sages formerly established.