Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.84
हिन्दी · தமிழ் · తెలుగు · ಕನ್ನಡ · മലയാളം · বাংলা · मराठी · ગુજરાતી · ਪੰਜਾਬੀ · ଓଡ଼ିଆ · اردو · English · Español · Français · Deutsch · Português · Русский · 中文 · 日本語 · العربية · Bahasa Indonesia · ไทย
13.84.1
ब्रूहि तात कुरुश्रेष्ठ वर्णानां त्वं पृथक् पृथक् ।
कीदृश्यां कीदृशाश्चापि पुत्राः कस्य च के च ते ॥ १३.८४.१ ॥
Dear father, best of the Kurus, tell me separately for each class: what kind of wife, what kind of sons, whose they are called, and who they are.
13.84.2
विप्रवादाः सुबहवः श्रूयन्ते पुत्रकारिणाम् ।
अत्र नो मुह्यतां राजन्संशयं छेत्तुमर्हसि ॥ १३.८४.२ ॥
Many statements of learned men are heard concerning the making of sons. O king, we are confused about this; you are able to cut through our doubt.
13.84.3
आत्मा पुत्रस्तु विज्ञेयः प्रथमो बहुधा परे ॥ १३.८४.३ ॥
The son who is like oneself should be known as the first; the others are of many kinds.
13.84.4
स्वे क्षेत्रे संस्कृते यस्तु पुत्रमुत्पादयेत्स्वयम् ।
तमौरसं विजानीयात्पुत्रं प्रथमकल्पितम् ॥ १३.८४.४ ॥
He who himself begets a son in his own consecrated field (wife) should be known as the own-born son, the first ordained.
13.84.5
अग्निं प्रजापतिं चेष्ट्वा वराय प्रतिपादिता ।
पुत्रिका स्याद्दुहितरि सङ्कल्पे वाऽपि वा सुतः ॥ १३.८४.५ ॥
A daughter given to a bridegroom after worship of Agni and Prajāpati becomes a putrikā; or, by resolve, the right of a son rests in a daughter, or a son himself.
13.84.6
तल्पे जातः प्रमीतस्य क्लीबस्य पतितस्य वा ।
स्वधर्मेण नियुक्तो यः स पुत्रः क्षेत्रजः स्मृतः ॥ १३.८४.६ ॥
A son born on the bed (of the wife) of one who has died, or of an impotent or fallen man, or who is appointed by one's own duty, is remembered as a kṣetraja, a son of the field.
13.84.7
माता पिता च दद्यातां यमद्भिः पुत्रमापदि ।
सदृशप्रीतिसंयुक्तो विज्ञेयो दत्रिमः सुतः ॥ १३.८४.७ ॥
If mother and father in distress give a son with the due observances, he who is joined with equal affection is to be known as the given (adopted) son.
13.84.8
सदृशं तु प्रकुर्याद्यं गुणदोषविचक्षणम् ।
पुत्रं पुत्रगुणैर्युक्तं विज्ञेयः स तु कृत्रिमः ॥ १३.८४.८ ॥
He who makes a suitable son his own, skilled in discerning virtue and fault and endowed with the qualities of a son, is to be known as the made (artificial) son.
13.84.9
उत्पद्यते यस्य गूढं न च ज्ञायेत कस्यचित् ।
स भवेद्गूढजो नाम तस्य स्याद्यस्य तल्पतः ॥ १३.८४.९ ॥
He whose son is born in secret, so that no one knows of it, is called the secretly-born (gūḍhaja); he belongs to the owner of that bed.
13.84.10
मातापितृभ्यामुत्सृष्टस्तयोरन्यतरेण वा ।
यं पुत्रं प्रतिगृह्णीयादपविद्धः स उच्यते ॥ १३.८४.१० ॥
The son abandoned by mother or father, or by either of them, whom someone takes in, is called the cast-off (apaviddha).
13.84.11
पितृवेश्मनि कन्या तु यं पुत्रं जनयेद्रहः ।
तं कानीनं वदन्नाम्ना वोढुः कन्यासमुद्भवे ॥ १३.८४.११ ॥
The son whom a maiden bears secretly in her father's house is to be called kānīna (of the unwed); in the birth of a maiden he belongs to her husband.
13.84.12
या गर्भिणी संस्क्रियते ज्ञाताऽज्ञातापि वा सती ।
वोढुः स गर्भो भवति सहोढ इति उच्यते ॥ १३.८४.१२ ॥
The pregnant woman, known or unknown, who is consecrated as a virtuous wife, her child belongs to the husband; it is called sahoḍha (married while pregnant).
13.84.13
क्रीणीयाद्यस्त्वपर्यार्थं मातापित्रोर्यमन्तिकात् ।
स क्रीतकः सुतस्तस्य सदृशोऽसदृशोपि वा ॥ १३.८४.१३ ॥
He who buys a child from its mother and father for some purpose is a krītaka (bought) son, whether he is similar to him or dissimilar.
13.84.14
या पत्या वा परित्यक्ता विधवा वा स्वकेच्छया ।
उत्पादयति पुनर्भूत्वा स पौनर्भव उच्यते ॥ १३.८४.१४ ॥
A woman abandoned by her husband, or a widow, who of her own will remarries and bears a child, that child is called a paunarbhava (son of remarriage).
13.84.15
सा चेदक्षतयोनिः स्याद्गतप्रत्याङ्गताऽपि वा ।
पौनर्भवेन भर्त्रा सा पुनसंस्कारमर्हति ॥ १३.८४.१५ ॥
If she is one whose womb is unbroken (a virgin), or one who has gone away and returned, she deserves a second rite of marriage with a paunarbhava husband.
13.84.16
मातापितृहनो यः स्यात्त्यक्तो वा स्यादकारणम् ।
आत्मानं स्पर्शयेद्यस्तु स्वयंदत्तस्तु स स्मृतः ॥ १३.८४.१६ ॥
He who is a slayer of his mother and father, or who is abandoned without cause, or who offers himself (to another), is remembered as a svayaṃdatta (self-given son).
13.84.17
यं ब्राह्मणस्तु शूद्रायां कामादुत्पादयेत्सुतम् ।
स पावयन्नेव शवस्तस्मात्पारशवः स्मृतः ॥ १३.८४.१७ ॥
The son whom a brahmin begets out of desire on a śūdra woman is, as it were, purifying even a corpse; therefore he is remembered as a pāraśava.
13.84.18
दास्यां वा दासदास्यां वा यः शूद्रस्य सुतो भवेत् ।
सोऽनुज्ञातो हरेदंशमिति धर्मो व्यवस्थितः ॥ १३.८४.१८ ॥
A son of a śūdra born of a female slave, or of a slave's female slave, may with permission take his share; thus the law is established.
13.84.19
क्षेत्रजादीन्सुतानेतानेकादश यथोदितान् ।
पुत्रप्रतिनिधीनाहुः क्रियालोपान्मनीषिणः ॥ १३.८४.१९ ॥
These eleven sons, beginning with the kṣetraja, as has been stated, the wise call substitute sons, because of the failure of the rites.
13.84.20
प्रातॄणामेकजातानामेकश्चेत्पुत्रवान्भवेत् ।
सर्वांस्तांस्तेन पुत्रेण पुत्रिणो मनुरब्रवीत् ॥ १३.८४.२० ॥
If one of brothers born of the same mother has a son, Manu declared that all of them are made sonful by that one son.
13.84.21
सर्वासामेकपत्नीनामेका चेत्पुत्रिणी भवेत् ।
सर्वास्तास्तेन पुत्रेण प्राह पुत्रवतीर्मनुः ॥ १३.८४.२१ ॥
If one among all the wives of one husband has a son, Manu declared that all of them are made mothers of sons by that one son.
13.84.22
आत्मा पुत्रश्च विज्ञेयस्तस्यानन्तरजश्च यः ।
निरुक्तजश्च विज्ञेयः सुतः प्रसृतजस्तथा ॥ १३.८४.२२ ॥
The son who is one's own self (ātmaja) and the one born right after him should be known; the nirukta-born should be known, and likewise the prasṛta-born.
13.84.23
पतितस्य तु भार्याया भर्त्रा सुसमवेतया ।
तथा दत्तकृतौ पुत्रावध्यूढश्च तथाऽपरः ॥ १३.८४.२३ ॥
A son born to the wife of a fallen man, while she is well united with her husband; likewise the given (dattaka) and made (kṛta) sons; the adhyūḍha son, and likewise another.
13.84.24
षडपध्वंसजाश्चापि कानीनापसदास्तथा ।
इत्येते वै समाख्यातास्तान्विजानीहि भारत ॥ १३.८४.२४ ॥
Six born of degradation (apadhvaṃsa), and likewise the kānīna and the apasadas — thus these have been declared; know them, O Bhārata.
13.84.25
षडपध्वंसजाः के स्युः के वाऽप्यपसदास्तथा ।
एतत्सर्वं यथातत्त्वं व्याख्यातुं मे त्वमर्हसि ॥ १३.८४.२५ ॥
Who are the six kinds of corrupt-born, and who are the base-born outcastes? It is fitting that you explain all this to me as it truly is.
13.84.26
त्रिषु वर्णेषु ये पुत्रा ब्राह्मणस्य युधिष्ठिर ।
वर्णयोश्च द्वयोः स्यातां यौ राजन्यस्य भारत ॥ १३.८४.२६ ॥
Yudhiṣṭhira, the sons a brahmin has in the three classes, and, bull of the Bharatas, the two that a kṣatriya has in two classes.
13.84.27
एको द्विवर्ण एवाथ तथाऽत्रैवोपलक्षितः ।
षडपध्वंसजास्ते हि तथैवापसदाञ्शृणु ॥ १३.८४.२७ ॥
One is of two classes; here too he is designated thus. They are the six kinds of corrupt-born. Hear likewise about the base-born outcastes.
13.84.28
चाण्डालो व्रात्यवर्णौ तु ब्राह्मण्यां क्षत्रियासु च ।
वैश्यायां चैव शूद्रस्य लक्ष्यास्तेऽपसदास्त्रयः ॥ १३.८४.२८ ॥
The cāṇḍāla and the vrātya-born are begotten of a brahmin woman, of kṣatriya women, of a vaiśya woman and of a śūdra; these three are designated as the base-born outcastes.
13.84.29
मागधो वामकश्चैव द्वौ वैश्यस्योपलक्षितौ ।
ब्राह्मण्यां क्षत्रियायां च क्षत्रियस्यैक एव तु ॥ १३.८४.२९ ॥
The māgadha and the vāmaka are the two designated as born of a vaiśya; from a brahmin woman and a kṣatriya woman, and from a kṣatriya, only one.
13.84.30
ब्राह्मण्यां लक्ष्यते सूत इत्येतेऽपसदाः स्मृताः ।
पुत्रा ह्येते न शक्यन्ते मिथ्या कर्तुं नराधिप ॥ १३.८४.३० ॥
A sūta is designated as born of a brahmin woman; these are recorded as the base-born outcastes. These sons, lord of men, cannot be made false.
13.84.31
क्षेत्रजं केचिदेवाहुः सुतं केचित्तु शुक्रजम् ।
तुल्यावेतौ सुतौ कस्य तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥ १३.८४.३१ ॥
Some call the field-born a son, and others the seed-born. Of whom are these two equal sons? Tell me this, grandsire.
13.84.32
रेतजो वा भवेत्पुत्रः पुत्रो वा क्षत्रेजो भवेत् ।
अध्यूढः समयं भित्त्वेत्येतदेव निबोध मे ॥ १३.८४.३२ ॥
A son may be seed-born, or a son may be field-born, or one born by breaking the agreement, taken in marriage — understand just this from me.
13.84.33
रेतजं विद्म वै पुत्रं क्षत्रेजस्यागमः कथम् ।
अध्यूढं विद्म वै पुत्रं भित्त्वा तु समयं कथम् ॥ १३.८४.३३ ॥
We know a seed-born son; but how does a field-born son come to be? We know a son taken in marriage; but how, by breaking the agreement?
13.84.34
आत्मजं पुत्रमुत्पाद्य यस्त्यजेत्कारणान्तरे ।
न तत्र कारणं रेतः स क्षेत्रस्वामिनो भवेत् ॥ १३.८४.३४ ॥
If one, having begotten a son of his own, abandons him for some other reason, the seed is not the cause there; that son belongs to the owner of the field.
13.84.35
पुत्रकामो हि पुत्रार्थे यां वृणीते विशाम्पते ।
तत्र क्षेत्रं प्रमाणं स्यान्न वै तत्रात्मजः सुतः ॥ १३.८४.३५ ॥
When a man who desires a son chooses a woman for the sake of a son, O lord of men, there the field is the authority; there one's own-born son is not the authority.
13.84.36
अन्यत्र क्षेत्रजः पुत्रो लक्ष्यते भरतर्षभ ।
न ह्यात्मा शक्यते हन्तुं दृष्टान्तोपगतो ह्यसौ ॥ १३.८४.३६ ॥
O bull of the Bharatas, elsewhere the field-born is regarded as the son; one's own self cannot be struck down, for that one has come forward as the example.
13.84.37
क्वचिच्च कुतकः पुत्रः सङ्ग्रहादेव लक्ष्यते ।
न तत्र रेतः क्षेत्रं वा प्रमाणं स्याद्युधिष्ठिर ॥ १३.८४.३७ ॥
Sometimes an adopted son is recognized merely by acceptance. O Yudhiṣṭhira, there seed or field would not be the proof.
13.84.38
कीदृशः कृतकः पुत्रः सङ्ग्रहादेव लक्ष्यते ।
शुक्रं क्षेत्रं प्रमाणं वा यत्र लक्ष्यं न भारत ॥ १३.८४.३८ ॥
What kind of adopted son is recognized merely by acceptance? O descendant of Bharata, where seed and field are not the proof and there is no mark?
13.84.39
मातापितृभ्यां यस्त्यक्तः पथि यस्तं प्रकल्पयेत् ।
न चास्य मातापितरौ ज्ञायेतां स हि कृत्रिमः ॥ १३.८४.३९ ॥
He who is abandoned by mother and father and whom someone takes up on the road, whose mother and father are not known—he indeed is the adopted son.
13.84.40
अस्वामिकस्य स्वामित्वं यस्मिन्सम्प्रतिलक्ष्यते ।
यो वर्णः पोषयेत्तं च तद्वर्णस्तस्य जायते ॥ १३.८४.४० ॥
He in whom ownership of one without an owner is seen, and the class that nourishes him—of that class he is born.
13.84.41
कथमस्य प्रयोक्तव्यः संस्कारः कस्य वा कथम् ।
देया कन्या कथं चेति तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥ १३.८४.४१ ॥
How should his rite be performed, and by whom, and how should a daughter be given? Tell me this, O grandsire.
13.84.42
आत्मवत्तस्य कुर्वीत संस्कारं स्वामिवत्तथा ।
त्यक्तो मातापितृभ्यां यः सवर्णं प्रतिपद्यते ॥ १३.८४.४२ ॥
One should perform his rite as for one's own son, and likewise as for an owner's son, for one who, abandoned by mother and father, attains a equal class.
13.84.43
तद्गोत्रबन्धुजं तस्य कुर्यात्संस्कारमच्युत ।
अथ देया तु कन्या स्यात्तद्वर्णस्य युधिष्ठिर ॥ १३.८४.४३ ॥
O Acyuta, his rites should be performed by one born of his lineage and kin. And, O Yudhiṣṭhira, a maiden of his own class should be given to him.
13.84.44
संस्कर्तुं वर्णगोत्रं च मातृवर्णविनिश्चये ।
कानीनाध्यूढजौ वाऽपि विज्ञेयौ पुत्रकिल्बिषौ ॥ १३.८४.४४ ॥
In determining the mother's class, the varṇa and lineage in which the rites are to be performed are settled. Sons born of a maiden (kānīna) or of a wife taken in marriage (adhyūḍha) should also be known as sinful sons.
13.84.45
कानीनाध्यूढजौ वाऽपि विज्ञेयौ पुत्रकिल्बिषौ ।
तावपि स्वाविव सुतौ संस्कार्याविति निश्चयः। ॥ १३.८४.४५ ॥
Sons born of a maiden or of a wife taken in marriage should also be known as sinful sons. They too are to be given the rites just like one's own sons; that is the decision.
13.84.46
क्षेत्रजो वाऽप्यपसदो येऽध्यूढास्तेषु चाप्युत ।
आत्मवद्वै प्रयुञ्जीरन्संस्कारान्ब्राह्मणादयः। ॥ १३.८४.४६ ॥
Among those born of a field (kṣetraja) or degraded (apasada), and those who are wives taken in marriage, the brahmins and others should perform the rites as for their own sons.
13.84.47
स्वं जन्मे मातृगोत्रेण संस्कारं ब्राह्मणादयः ।
धर्मशास्त्रेषु वर्णानां निश्चयोऽयं पदृश्यते। ॥ १३.८४.४७ ॥
By birth, the brahmins and others should perform the rites through the mother's lineage. This determination about the classes is seen in the law treatises.
13.84.48
एतत्ते सर्वमाख्यातं किं भूयः श्रोतुमिच्छसि ॥ १३.८४.४८ ॥
All this has been told to you. What else do you wish to hear?