Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.96
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13.96.1
दानं यज्ञः क्रिया चेह किंस्वित्प्रेत्य महाफलम् ।
कस्य ज्यायः फलं प्रोक्तं कीदृशेभ्यः कथं कदा ॥ १३.९६.१ ॥
Here, of gift, sacrifice and ritual act, which yields great fruit after death? Whose fruit is declared to be the greatest, to what kind of people, how, and when?
13.96.2
एतदिच्छामि विज्ञातुं याथातथ्येनि भारत ।
विद्वञ्जिज्ञासमानाय दानधर्मान्प्रचक्ष्व मे ॥ १३.९६.२ ॥
O Bhārata, I wish to know this truly as it is. O learned one, to me who desire to know, explain the duties of giving.
13.96.3
अन्तर्वेद्यां च यद्दत्तं श्रद्धया चानृशंस्यतः ।
किंस्विन्नैःश्रेयसं तात तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥ १३.९६.३ ॥
That which is given within the sacrificial ground with faith and kindness — what indeed leads to the highest good? Tell me that, dear grandsire.
13.96.4
रौद्रं कर्म क्षत्रियस्य सततं तात वर्तते ।
नास्य वैतानिकफलं विना दानं सुपावनम् ॥ १३.९६.४ ॥
Dear one, the deeds of a kṣatriya are always fierce. Without a gift, which is very purifying, his fruit of the sacred fire is not obtained.
13.96.5
न तु पापकृतां राज्ञां याजका द्विजसत्तमाः ।
धने सत्यप्रदातॄणां प्रतिगृह्णन्ति साधवः ॥ १३.९६.५ ॥
But the priests of kings who do evil are not the best of the twice-born. The good accept only from those who truly give wealth.
13.96.6
प्रतिगृह्णन्ति न तु चेद्यद्रोषादाप्तदक्षिणैः ।
एतस्मात्कारणाद्यज्ञैर्यजेद्राजाऽऽप्तदक्षिणैः ॥ १३.९६.६ ॥
If it is given in anger, they do not accept the sacrificial fee. For this reason the king should sacrifice with sacrifices bearing the proper fees.
13.96.7
अथ चेत्प्रतिगृह्णीयुर्दद्यादहरहर्नृपः ।
श्रद्धामास्थाय परमां पावनं ह्येतुदुत्तमम् ॥ १३.९६.७ ॥
If they accept, the king should give daily, holding to supreme faith; indeed this is the highest purifying act.
13.96.8
ब्राह्मणांस्तर्पयन्द्रव्यैः स वै यज्ञोऽनुपद्रवः ।
मैत्रान्साधून्वेदविदः शीलवृत्ततपोर्जितान् ॥ १३.९६.८ ॥
That sacrifice, in which brahmins are satisfied with goods, is indeed free from harm; the friendly, good, Veda-knowing men won by character, conduct and austerity.
13.96.9
यत्ते ते न करिष्यन्ति कृतं ते न भविष्यति ।
यज्ञान्साधय साधुभ्यः स्वाद्वन्नान्दक्षिणावतः ॥ १३.९६.९ ॥
What they will not do for you will not be done by you; accomplish sacrifices for the good, with sweet food and dakṣiṇā.
13.96.10
इष्टं दत्तं च मन्येथा आत्मानं दानकर्मणा ।
पूजयेथा यायजूकांस्तवाप्यंशो भवेद्यथा ॥ १३.९६.१० ॥
By the act of giving, consider yourself one who has sacrificed and given; honour those who perform sacrifices, so that a share of it may be yours as well.
13.96.11
विद्वद्भ्यः सम्प्रदानेन तत्राप्यंशोऽस्य पूजया ।
यज्वभ्यश्चाथ विद्वद्भ्यो दत्त्वा लोकं प्रदापयेत्।
प्रदद्याज्ज्ञानदातॄणां ज्ञानदानांशभाग्यभवेत् ॥ १३.९६.११ ॥
Through giving to the learned and honouring them, a share of it comes also there; giving to sacrificers and the learned, one should cause the world to be given; one should give to the givers of knowledge, and become a sharer in the gift of knowledge.
13.96.12
प्रजावतो भरेथाश्च ब्राह्मणान्बहुभारिणः ।
प्रजावांस्तेन भवति यथा जनयिता तथा ॥ १३.९६.१२ ॥
Support the brahmins who have children and bear many burdens; by that a man becomes one with offspring, as the begetter is.
13.96.13
यावतः साधुधर्मान्वै सन्तः संवर्धयन्त्युत ।
सर्वस्वैश्चापि भर्तव्या नरा ये बहुकारिणः ॥ १३.९६.१३ ॥
As many good duties as the good men foster, and the men who do many works should be supported with all one's wealth.
13.96.14
समृद्धः सम्प्रयच्छ त्वं ब्राह्म्णेभ्यो युधिष्ठिर ।
धेनूरनडुहोऽन्नानि च्छत्रं वासांस्युपानहौ ॥ १३.९६.१४ ॥
O Yudhiṣṭhira, you are prosperous; give fully to the brahmins cows, oxen, food, umbrellas, garments and sandals.
13.96.15
आज्यानि यजमानेभ्यस्तथाऽन्नानि च भारत ।
अश्ववन्ति च यानानि वेश्मानि शयनानि च ॥ १३.९६.१५ ॥
O descendant of Bharata, give to those who sacrifice clarified butter and food, and also vehicles with horses, houses and beds.
13.96.16
एते देयाः पुष्टिमद्भिर्लघूपायाश्च भारत ।
अजुगुप्सांश्च विज्ञाय ब्राह्मणान्वृत्तिकर्शितान् ॥ १३.९६.१६ ॥
O descendant of Bharata, these should be given by the prosperous, and there are easy means as well; knowing the brahmins emaciated by lack of livelihood, not to be despised, one should help them.
13.96.17
उपच्छन्नं प्रकाशं वा वृत्त्या तान्प्रतिपालय ।
राजसूयाश्वमेधाभ्यां श्रेयस्तत्क्षत्रियान्प्रति ॥ १३.९६.१७ ॥
Whether secretly or openly, maintain them by means of livelihood; for kṣatriyas that is better even than the Rājasūya and Aśvamedha sacrifices.
13.96.18
एवं पापैर्विनिर्मुक्तस्त्वं पूतः स्वर्गमाप्स्यसि ।
सञ्चयित्वा पुनः कोशं यद्राष्ट्रं पालयिष्यसि ॥ १३.९६.१८ ॥
Thus freed from sins and purified, you shall attain heaven; having again gathered the treasury, you shall protect the kingdom.
13.96.19
तेन त्वं ब्रह्मभूयत्वमवाप्स्यसि धनानि च ।
आत्मनश्च परेषां च वृत्तिं संरक्ष भारत ॥ १३.९६.१९ ॥
By this you will obtain the state of Brahman and wealth. O Bhārata, protect the livelihood of yourself and of others.
13.96.20
पुत्रवच्चापि भृत्यान्स्वान्प्रजाश्च परिपालय ।
योगः क्षेमश्च ते नित्यं ब्राह्मणेष्वस्तु भारत ॥ १३.९६.२० ॥
Protect your own servants and subjects as though they were sons. O Bhārata, may your welfare and security always rest with the brahmins.
13.96.21
तदर्थं जीवितं तेऽस्तु मा तेभ्योऽप्रतिपालनम् ।
अनर्थो ब्राह्मणस्यैष यद्वित्तनिचयो महान् ॥ १३.९६.२१ ॥
Let your life be for that purpose, and let there be no failure in protecting them. For a brahmin, this is a great misfortune: an accumulation of great wealth.
13.96.22
क्षिया ह्यभीक्ष्णं संवासो दर्पयेत्सम्प्रमोहयेत् ।
ब्राह्मणेषु प्रमूढेषु धर्मो विप्रणशेद्धुवम्।
धर्मप्रणाशे भूतानामभावः स्यान्न संशयः ॥ १३.९६.२२ ॥
Through constant association it wears away and breeds pride and great delusion. When brahmins are deluded, dharma will surely perish. With the destruction of dharma, beings will cease to exist—there is no doubt.
13.96.23
यो रक्षिभ्यः सम्प्रदाय राजा राष्ट्रं विलुम्पति ।
यज्ञे राष्ट्राद्धनं तस्मादानयध्वमिति ब्रुवन् ॥ १३.९६.२३ ॥
The king who, having entrusted it to the guardians, plunders the realm, saying, 'Bring wealth from the realm for the sacrifice'—
13.96.24
यच्चादाय तदाज्ञप्तं भीतं दत्तं सुदारुणम् ।
यजेद्राजा न तं यज्ञं प्रशंसन्त्यस्य साधवः ॥ १३.९६.२४ ॥
And the king who performs a sacrifice with wealth given out of fear and taken under the most cruel command—the good do not praise that sacrifice of his.
13.96.25
अपीडिताः सुसंवृद्धा ये ददत्यनुकूलतः ।
तादृशेनाप्युपायेन यष्टव्यं नोद्यमाहृतैः ॥ १३.९६.२५ ॥
Those who, unharmed and well prospered, give willingly — by such a means one should sacrifice, not with things gathered through toil.
13.96.26
यदा परिनिषिच्येत निहितो वै यथाविधि ।
तदा राजा महायज्ञैर्यजेत बहुदक्षिणैः ॥ १३.९६.२६ ॥
When it has been placed according to rule and is well established, then the king should sacrifice with great sacrifices with abundant fees.
13.96.27
वृद्धबालधनं रक्ष्यमन्धस्य कृपणस्य च ।
न खातपूर्वं कुर्वीत न रुदन्तीधनं हरेत् ॥ १३.९६.२७ ॥
The wealth of the old and the children, of the blind and the poor, must be protected; one should not dig up what was dug before, nor take the wealth of one who weeps.
13.96.28
हृतं कृपणवित्तं हि राष्ट्रं हन्ति नृप श्रियम् ।
दद्याच्च महतो भोगान्क्षुद्भयं प्रणुदेत्सताम् ॥ १३.९६.२८ ॥
O king, wealth taken from the poor destroys the realm and its prosperity. One should grant great enjoyments and drive away the fear of hunger from the good.
13.96.29
येषां स्वादूनि भोज्यानि समवेक्ष्यन्ति बालकाः ।
नाश्नन्ति विधिवत्तानि किन्नु पापतरं ततः ॥ १३.९६.२९ ॥
Whose delicious food the children gaze at longingly, while they do not eat it according to rule — what could be a greater sin than that?
13.96.30
यदि ते तादृशो राष्ट्रे विद्वान्त्सीदेत्क्षुधा द्विजः ।
भ्रूणहत्यां च गच्छेथाः कृत्वा पापमिवोत्तमम् ॥ १३.९६.३० ॥
If in your realm such a learned brahmin suffers from hunger, you would incur the sin of killing an embryo, the greatest of sins.
13.96.31
धिक्तस्य जीवितं राज्ञो राष्ट्रे यस्यावसीदति ।
द्विजोऽन्यो वा मनुष्योपि शिबिराह वचो यथा ॥ १३.९६.३१ ॥
Shame upon the life of that king in whose realm a twice-born man or any other person languishes, as Śibi said.
13.96.32
यस्य स्म विषये राज्ञः स्नातकः सीदति क्षुधा ।
अवृद्धिमेति तद्राष्ट्रं विन्दते सह राजकम् ॥ १३.९६.३२ ॥
In whose realm a graduate of Vedic study suffers from hunger, that kingdom declines and meets ruin together with the royal household.
13.96.33
क्रोशन्त्यो यस्य वै राष्ट्राद्ध्रियन्ते तरसा स्त्रियः ।
क्रोशतां पतिपुत्राणां मृतोऽसौ न च जीवति ॥ १३.९६.३३ ॥
From whose realm women are seized by force while crying out, and their husbands and sons weep, that king is dead; he is not alive.
13.96.34
अरक्षितारं हर्तारं विलोप्तारमनायकम् ।
तं वै राजकलिं हन्युः प्रजाः सन्नह्य निर्घृणं ॥ १३.९६.३४ ॥
The subjects, armoured and without pity, should slay that royal Kali who gives no protection, is a thief and plunderer, and is without a leader.
13.96.35
अहं वो रक्षितेत्युक्त्वा यो न रक्षति भूमिपः ।
स संहत्य निहन्तव्यः श्वेव सोन्माद आतुरः ॥ १३.९६.३५ ॥
A lord of the earth who says "I am your protector" but does not protect, should be struck down together, like a mad and diseased dog.
13.96.36
पापं कुर्वन्ति यत्किञ्चित्प्रजा राज्ञा ह्यरक्षिताः ।
चतुर्थं तस्य पापस्य राजा विन्दति भारत ॥ १३.९६.३६ ॥
Whatever sin the subjects commit when left unprotected by the king, O Bhārata, the king obtains a fourth part of that sin.
13.96.37
अथाहुः सर्वमेवैति भूयोऽर्धमिति निश्चयः ।
चतुर्थं मतमस्माकं मनोः श्रुत्वानुशासनम् ॥ १३.९६.३७ ॥
Then they assert that everything returns again as a half; that is the certainty. But, having heard Manu's instruction, our view is the fourth part.
13.96.38
शुभं वा यच्च कुर्वन्ति प्रजा राज्ञा सुरक्षिताः ।
चतुर्थं तस्य पुण्यस्य राजा चाप्नोति भारत ॥ १३.९६.३८ ॥
Whatever good deeds the subjects, well protected by the king, perform, O Bhārata, the king obtains the fourth part of that merit.
13.96.39
जीवन्तं त्वानुजीवन्तु प्रजाः सर्वा युधिष्ठिर ।
पर्जन्यमिव भूतानि महाद्रुममिवाण्डजाः ॥ १३.९६.३९ ॥
Let all the subjects live upon the living king, O Yudhiṣṭhira, as living beings live upon the rain-cloud and birds upon a great tree.
13.96.40
कुबेरमिव रक्षांसि शतक्रतुमिवामराः ।
ज्ञातयस्त्वाऽनुजीवन्तु सुहृदश्च परन्तप ॥ १३.९६.४० ॥
As the rākṣasas live upon Kubera and the immortals upon Śatakratu, so let your kinsmen and friends live upon you, O scorcher of foes.