Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 14.104
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14.104.1
विप्रयोगे शरीरस्य सेन्द्रियस्य विशेषतः ।
अन्तरा वर्तमानस्य गतिः प्राणस्य कीदृशी ॥ १४.१०४.१ ॥
At the separation of the body, especially together with the senses, what is the course of the life-breath that remains in between?
14.104.2
शुभाशुभकृतं सर्वं प्राप्नोतीह फलं नरः ।
न तु सर्वस्य भूतस्य पञ्चत्वं विद्यते नृप ॥ १४.१०४.२ ॥
Here a man obtains the fruit of all that he has done, good or bad; yet, O king, for every living being there is not the state of pañcatva (death).
14.104.3
पञ्चत्वं पाण्डवश्रेष्ठ भूरिभूतिकरं नृणाम् ।
तेषां पञ्च महायज्ञान्ये कुर्वन्ति द्विजोत्तम ॥ १४.१०४.३ ॥
O best of the Pāṇḍavas, pañcatva (death) brings great prosperity to men; O best of the twice-born, so it is for those who perform the five great sacrifices.
14.104.4
पञ्चत्वं पञ्चभिर्भूतैर्वियोगं संप्रचक्षते ।
न जायते न म्रियते पुरुषः शाश्वतः सदा ॥ १४.१०४.४ ॥
Pañcatva is called the separation of the five elements; the person is not born and does not die, for he is eternal, always.
14.104.5
प्रायेण मरणं नाम पापिनामेव पाण्डव ।
येषां तु न गतिः पुण्या तेषां मरणमुच्यते ॥ १४.१०४.५ ॥
Generally, death is said to belong only to the sinful, O Pāṇḍava; for those whose path is not meritorious, death is said to come.
14.104.6
प्रायेणाकृतकृत्यस्तु मृत्योरुद्विजते जनः ।
कृतकृत्याः प्रतीक्षन्ते मृत्युं प्रियमिवातिथिम् ॥ १४.१०४.६ ॥
Generally, a person whose duties are unfinished recoils from death, but those whose duties are done await death as one awaits a dear guest.
14.104.7
पञ्च यज्ञाः कथं देव क्रियन्तेऽत्र द्विजातिभिः ।
तेषां नाम च देवेश वक्तुमर्हस्यशेषतः ॥ १४.१०४.७ ॥
O god, how are the five sacrifices performed here by the twice-born? O lord of gods, you ought to name them completely.
14.104.8
शृणु पञ्च महायज्ञान्कीर्त्यमानान्युधिष्ठिर ।
यैरेव ब्रह्मसालोक्यं लभ्यते गृहमेधिना ॥ १४.१०४.८ ॥
Listen, Yudhiṣṭhira, to the five great sacrifices being declared, by which alone the householder attains companionship with the world of Brahmā.
14.104.9
ऋभुजज्ञं ब्रह्मयज्ञं भूतयज्ञं च पाण्डव ।
नृयज्ञं पितृयज्ञं च पञ्च यज्ञान्प्रचक्षते ॥ १४.१०४.९ ॥
O son of Pāṇḍu, they declare five sacrifices: the Ṛbhu-sacrifice, the Brahma-sacrifice, the sacrifice to beings, the sacrifice to men, and the sacrifice to ancestors.
14.104.10
तर्पणं ऋभुयज्ञः स्यात्स्वाध्यायो ब्रह्मयज्ञकः ।
भूतयज्ञो बलिर्यज्ञो नृयज्ञोऽतिथिपूजनम्।
पितॄनुद्दिश्य यत्कर्म पितृयज्ञः प्रकीर्तितः ॥ १४.१०४.१० ॥
Libation is the Ṛbhu-sacrifice; recitation of scripture is the Brahma-sacrifice. Offering is the sacrifice to beings; honouring guests is the sacrifice to men. The rite performed directed toward the ancestors is declared the sacrifice to ancestors.
14.104.11
हुतं चाप्यहुतं चैव तथा प्रहुतमेव च ।
प्राशितं बलिदानं च पाकयज्ञान्प्रचक्षते ॥ १४.१०४.११ ॥
Offered into fire, not offered into fire, poured out as offering, eaten as remnant, and the giving of offerings — these they declare to be the cooked-food sacrifices.
14.104.12
वैश्वदेवादयो होमा हुतमित्युच्यते बुधैः ।
अहुतं च भवेद्दत्तं प्रहुतं ब्राह्मणाशितम् ॥ १४.१०४.१२ ॥
The wise call the oblations beginning with the Vaiśvadeva 'offered' (huta). That which is given is 'not offered' (ahuta), and 'poured out' (prahuta) is what a brahmin has eaten.
14.104.13
प्राणाग्निहोत्रहोमं च प्राशितं विधिवद्विदुः ।
बलिकर्म च राजेन्द्र पाकयज्ञाः प्रकीर्तिताः ॥ १४.१०४.१३ ॥
The prāṇāgnihotra offering and the eating of the consecrated portion are known according to rule. O lord of kings, the rite of offering to beings and the cooking-sacrifices are declared.
14.104.14
केचित्पञ्च महायज्ञान्पाकयज्ञान्प्रचक्षते ।
अपरे ब्रह्मयज्ञादीन्महायज्ञविदो विदुः ॥ १४.१०४.१४ ॥
Some call the five great sacrifices the cooking-sacrifices, while others call the brahma-sacrifice and the rest so; knowers of the great sacrifices know it thus.
14.104.15
सर्व एते महायज्ञाः सर्वथा परिकीर्तिताः ।
बुभुक्षितान्ब्राह्मणांस्तु यथाशक्ति न हापयेत् ॥ १४.१०४.१५ ॥
All these great sacrifices have been fully declared. One should not neglect the hungry brahmins, according to one's ability.
14.104.16
अहन्यहनि ये त्वेतानकृत्वा भुञ्जते स्वयम् ।
केवलं मलमश्नन्ति ते नार न च संशयः ॥ १४.१०४.१६ ॥
Those who eat themselves every day without performing these eat only filth; they are not men, and there is no doubt of it.
14.104.17
तस्मात्स्नात्वा द्विजो विद्वान्कुर्यादेतान्दिनेदिने ।
अतोऽन्यथा तु भुञ्जन्वै प्रायश्चित्ती भवेद्द्विजः ॥ १४.१०४.१७ ॥
Therefore a learned twice-born man, having bathed, should perform these every day; otherwise, the twice-born who eats becomes one who must make expiation.
14.104.18
देवदेवेशक दैत्यघ्न त्वद्भक्तस्य जनार्दन ।
वक्तुमर्हसि देवेश स्नानस्य च विधिं मम ॥ १४.१०४.१८ ॥
O god of gods, lord, slayer of demons, Janārdana, you should tell me, your devotee, O lord of the gods, the rule of bathing.
14.104.19
शृणु पाण्डव तत्सर्व पवित्रं पापनाशनम् ।
स्नात्वा येन विधानेन मुच्यन्ते किल्बिषाद्द्विजाः ॥ १४.१०४.१९ ॥
Listen, Pāṇḍava, to all of it, which is purifying and destroys sin: the rule by which twice-born men, having bathed, are freed from fault.
14.104.20
मृदं च गोमयं चैव तिलं दर्भांस्तथैव च ।
पुष्पाण्यपि यथान्यायमादाय तु जलं व्रजेत् ॥ १४.१०४.२० ॥
Having duly taken clay, cow dung, sesame, kuśa grass, and flowers as well, one should then go to the water.
14.104.21
नद्यां स्नात्वा न च स्नायदन्यत्र द्विजसत्तम ।
सति प्रभूते पयसि नाल्पे स्नायात्कदाचन ॥ १४.१०४.२१ ॥
O best of the twice-born, having bathed in a river one should not bathe elsewhere; when water is plentiful, one should never bathe in a little water.
14.104.22
गत्वोदकसमीपं तु शुचौ देशे मनोरमे ।
ततो मृद्गोमयादीनि तत्र विप्रो विनिक्षिपेत् ॥ १४.१०४.२२ ॥
Having gone near the water to a pure and pleasing place, the brahmin should then set down there the clay, cow dung and the like.
14.104.23
बहिः प्रक्षाल्य पादौ च द्विराचम्य प्रयत्नतः ।
प्रदक्षिणं समावृत्य नमस्कुर्यात्तु तज्जलम् ॥ १४.१०४.२३ ॥
Having washed the feet outside and sipped water twice with care, having circled it keeping it to the right, one should then pay reverence to that water.
14.104.24
न च प्रक्षालयेद्विद्वांस्तीर्थमद्भिः कदाचन ।
न च पादेन वा हन्याद्धस्तेनान्येन तज्जलम् ॥ १४.१०४.२४ ॥
A learned man should never wash the sacred ford with water, nor strike that water with the foot or with the hand or with anything else.
14.104.25
सर्वदेवमया ह्यापो मन्मयाः पाण्डुनन्दन ।
तस्मात्तास्तु न हन्तव्यास्त्वद्भिः प्रक्षालयेत्स्थलं ॥ १४.१०४.२५ ॥
Son of Pāṇḍu, the waters are full of all the gods and full of me. Therefore they must never be struck; the place should be washed with water.
14.104.26
केवलं प्रथमं मज्जेन्नाङ्गानि विमृशेद्बुधः ।
तत्तु तीर्थं समासाद्य कुर्यादाचमनं पुनः ॥ १४.१०४.२६ ॥
The wise man should first only immerse himself, not touch his limbs. Having reached that sacred ford, he should perform ācamana again.
14.104.27
गोकर्णाकृतिवत्कृत्वा करं त्रिः प्रपिबेज्जलम् ।
द्विस्तत्परिमृजेद्वक्त्रं पादावभ्युक्ष्य चात्मनः।
शीर्षण्यांस्तु ततः प्राणान्सकृदेवतु संस्पृशेन ॥ १४.१०४.२७ ॥
Shaping the hand like a cow's ear, one should drink water three times. Then one should wipe the mouth twice, sprinkle water on one's feet, and touch the breaths of the head once.
14.104.28
बाहू द्वौ च ततः स्पृष्ट्वा हृदयं नाभिमेव च ।
प्रत्यङ्गमुदकं स्पृष्ट्वा मूर्धानं तु पुनः स्पृशेत् ॥ १४.१०४.२८ ॥
Then, having touched both arms, the heart and the navel, and having touched water to each limb, one should touch the head again.
14.104.29
आपः पुनन्त्वित्युक्त्वा च पुनराचमनं चरेत् ।
सोङ्कारव्याहृतीर्वाऽपि सदसस्पतिमित्यृचम् ॥ १४.१०४.२९ ॥
Having said "may the waters purify," one should again perform ācamana; or with the syllable Oṃ the vyāhṛtis, or the ṛk beginning "sadasaspatim."
14.104.30
आचम्य मृत्तिकाः पश्चात्त्रिधा कृत्वा समालभेत् ।
ऋचेदं विष्णुरित्यङ्गमुत्तमाधममध्यमम्।
आलभ्य वारुणैः सूक्तैर्नमस्कृत्य जलं ततः ॥ १४.१०४.३० ॥
Having sipped water, afterwards, dividing the clay into three, one should touch with the verse "idaṃ viṣṇuḥ" the highest, lowest and middle limbs; then, having touched with the Vāruṇa hymns and paid homage, one should take water.
14.104.31
स्रवन्ती चेत्प्रतिस्रोतः प्रत्यर्कं चान्यवारिषु ।
मज्जेदोमित्युदाहृत्य न च विक्षोभयेज्जलम् ॥ १४.१०४.३१ ॥
If the water flows, one should immerse oneself against the current, or facing the sun, or in other waters, uttering "oṃ"; and one should not stir up the water.
14.104.32
गोमयं च त्रिधा कृत्वा जले पूर्वं समालभेत् ।
सव्याहृतीकां सप्रणवां गायत्रीं च जपेत्पुनः ॥ १४.१०४.३२ ॥
Having made the cow-dung into three parts, one should first touch it in water; and then again recite the Gāyatrī together with the vyāhṛtis and the praṇava.
14.104.33
पुनराचमनं कृत्वा मद्गतेनान्तरात्मना ।
आपोहिष्ठेति तिसृभिर्ऋग्भिः पूतेन वारिणा।
तथा तरत्समन्दीभिः सिञ्चेच्चतसृभिः क्रमात् ॥ १४.१०४.३३ ॥
Having sipped water again, with the inner self fixed on me, one should sprinkle oneself with pure water using the three verses beginning "Āpo hiṣṭhā", and likewise with the four "taratsamandī" verses in order.
14.104.34
गोसूक्तेनाश्वसूक्तेन शुद्धवर्गेणि चात्मनः ।
वैष्णवैर्वारुणैः सूक्तैः सावित्रैरिन्द्रदेवतैः ॥ १४.१०४.३४ ॥
With the Go-sūkta and the Aśva-sūkta, and with one's own pure group; and with the Vaiṣṇava, Vāruṇa, Sāvitra and Indra-deity hymns, one should consecrate oneself.
14.104.35
वामदैव्येन चात्मानमन्यैर्मन्मयसामभिः ।
स्थित्वाऽन्तःसलिले सूक्तं जपेद्वाचाऽघमर्षणं ॥ १४.१०४.३५ ॥
With the Vāmadevya hymn and the other Sāmans consisting of me, one should purify oneself; standing within the water, one should recite aloud the Aghamarṣaṇa hymn.
14.104.36
सव्याहृतीकां सप्रणवां गायत्रीं वा ततो जपेत् ।
आश्वासमोक्षात्प्रणवं जपेद्वा मामनुस्मरन् ॥ १४.१०४.३६ ॥
Or let him recite the Gāyatrī together with the vyāhṛtis and the syllable Oṃ; or else, until the breath is released, let him recite Oṃ, remembering me.
14.104.37
उत्प्लुत्य तीर्थमासाद्य धौते शुक्ले च वाससी ।
शुद्धे चाच्छादयेत्कक्षे न कुर्यात्परिपाशके ॥ १४.१०४.३७ ॥
Leaping up and reaching the sacred bathing place, let him wrap about his waist two washed, white, pure garments, and not tie a knot at the waist.
14.104.38
पाशेन बद्ध्वा कक्षे यत्कुरुते कर्म वैदिकम् ।
राक्षसा दानवा दैत्यास्तद्विलुंपन्ति हर्षिताः।
तस्मत्सर्वप्रयत्नेन कक्ष्यापाशं न धारयेत् ॥ १४.१०४.३८ ॥
Whatever Vedic rite is performed with a noose bound at the waist, the rākṣasas, dānavas and daityas joyfully destroy. Therefore, with all effort, one should not wear a waist-knot.
14.104.39
ततः प्रक्षाल्य पादौ च हस्तौ चैव मृदा शनैः ।
आचम्य पुनराचामेत्पुनः सावित्रिया द्विजः ॥ १४.१०४.३९ ॥
Then, slowly washing both feet and both hands with clay, let him sip water; and the twice-born should sip water again, with the Sāvitrī.
14.104.40
प्राङ्मुखोदङ्मुखो वाऽपि ध्यायन्वेदान्समाहितः ।
जले जलगतः शुद्धः स्थल एव स्थलस्थितः।
उभयत्र स्थितस्तस्मादाचामेदात्मशुद्धये ॥ १४.१०४.४० ॥
Facing east or north, meditating on the Vedas with a composed mind—one who is in water becomes pure standing in water, one who is on land standing on land. Standing in either place, let him sip water for the purification of the self.
14.104.41
दर्भेषु दर्भपाणिः सन्प्राङ्मुखः सुसमाहितः ।
प्राणायामांस्ततः कुर्यान्मद्गतेनान्तरात्मना ॥ १४.१०४.४१ ॥
Seated on kuśa grass, holding kuśa grass in hand, facing east and well composed, let him then perform the breath-controls with his inner self directed toward me.
14.104.42
सहस्रकृत्वः सावित्रीं शतकृत्वस्तु वा जपेत् ॥ १४.१०४.४२ ॥
A thousand times, or a hundred times, one should recite the Sāvitrī.
14.104.43
समाहितो जपेत्तस्मात्सावित्र्या चाभिमन्त्र्य च ।
मन्देहानां विनाशाय रक्षसां विक्षिपेज्जलम् ॥ १४.१०४.४३ ॥
Therefore, with composed mind, he should recite and, consecrating the water with the Sāvitrī, sprinkle it to destroy the dull-witted rākṣasas.
14.104.44
उद्वर्गोसीत्यथा चान्तःप्रायश्चित्तजलं क्षिपेत् ॥ १४.१०४.४४ ॥
Saying "You are the udvarga," and then, from within, he should throw the expiatory water.
14.104.45
अथादाय सुपुष्पाणि तोयमञ्जलिना द्विजः ।
प्रक्षिप्य प्रतिसूर्यं च व्योममुद्रां प्रकल्पयेत् ॥ १४.१०४.४५ ॥
Then the twice-born, taking fine flowers and water in his cupped hands, having cast them toward the sun, should form the sky-gesture.
14.104.46
ततो द्वादशकृत्वस्तु सूर्यस्येकाक्षरं जपेत् ।
ततः षडक्षरादीनि षट्कृत्वः परिवर्तयेत् ॥ १४.१०४.४६ ॥
Then he should recite the single-syllable mantra of the sun twelve times; then he should turn through the six-syllable and the rest, six times each.
14.104.47
प्रदक्षिणं परामृश्य मुद्रया स्वमुखान्तरे ।
ऊर्ध्वबाहुस्ततो भूत्वा सूर्यमीक्षेत्समाहितः ॥ १४.१०४.४७ ॥
Circumambulating, touching within his own mouth with the gesture, then, with arms raised, he should gaze at the sun with composed mind.
14.104.48
तन्मण्डलस्थं मां ध्यायंस्तोजोमूर्तिं चतुर्भुजम् ।
उदुत्यं च जपेन्मन्त्रं चित्रं तच्चक्षुरित्यपि ॥ १४.१०४.४८ ॥
Meditating on me, standing within that orb, the form of radiance with four arms, one should recite the mantra "udutyam" and also "citram tac cakṣuḥ."
14.104.49
सावित्रीं च यथाशत्ति जप्त्वा सूक्तं च मामकम् ।
मन्मयानि च सामानि पुरुषव्रतमेव च ॥ १४.१०४.४९ ॥
Having recited the Sāvitrī and my own hymn according to one's ability, and the Sāma chants consisting of me, and likewise the Puruṣa vow.
14.104.50
ततश्चालोकयेदर्कं हंसः शुचिषदित्यपि ।
प्रदक्षिणं समावृत्य नमस्कृत्य दिवाकरम् ॥ १४.१०४.५० ॥
Then one should gaze upon the sun, also reciting "haṃsaḥ śuciṣad." Having circumambulated and bowed down, one should pay homage to the day-maker, the sun.
14.104.51
ततस्तु तर्पयेदद्भिर्ब्रह्म्णां मां च शङ्करम् ।
प्रजापतिं च देवांश्च तथा देवमुनीनपि ॥ १४.१०४.५१ ॥
Then one should offer libations with water to the brahmins, to me, to Śaṅkara, to Prajāpati, to the gods, and likewise to the divine sages.
14.104.52
साङ्गानपि तथा वेदानितिहासान्क्रतूनपि ।
पुराणानि च सर्वाणि कुलान्यप्सरसां तथा ॥ १४.१०४.५२ ॥
Likewise the Vedas together with their limbs, the histories, the sacrifices, all the Purāṇas, and the families of the apsarases.
14.104.53
क्रतून्संवत्सरं चैव कलाकाष्ठात्मकं तथा ।
भूतग्रामांश्च भूतानि सरितः सागरांस्तथा।
शैलाञ्शैलस्थितान्देवानोषधीः सवनस्पतीः ॥ १४.१०४.५३ ॥
The sacrifices, the year, and time in the form of kalā and kāṣṭhā; the multitudes of beings and the beings themselves; the rivers, the oceans, the mountains, the gods dwelling on the mountains, the herbs and the trees.
14.104.54
तर्पयेदुपवीती च प्रत्येकं तृप्यतामिति ।
अन्वारभ्य च सव्येन पाणिना दक्षिणेन तु ॥ १४.१०४.५४ ॥
Wearing the sacred cord, one should offer libations to each, saying "may they be satisfied", after touching with the left hand and with the right hand.
14.104.55
निवीती तर्पयेद्विद्वानृषीन्मन्त्रकृतस्तथा ।
मरीच्यादीनृषींश्चैव नारदाद्यान्समाहितः ॥ १४.१०४.५५ ॥
Wearing the sacred cord around the neck, the learned man should offer libations to the sages, the makers of the mantras, and likewise to Marīci and the other sages and to Nārada and the others, with concentrated mind.
14.104.56
प्राचीनावीत्यथैतास्तु तर्पयेद्देवताः पितॄत् ।
ततस्तु कव्यवाडग्निं सों वैवस्वतं तथा ॥ १४.१०४.५६ ॥
Then, wearing the sacred cord over the right shoulder, one should offer libations to these gods and to the fathers; then also to Kavyavāṭ Agni, to Soma, and likewise to Yama, son of Vivasvat.
14.104.57
ततश्चार्यमणं चापि ह्यग्निष्वात्तांस्तथैव च ।
सोमपांश्चैव दर्भेषु सतिलैरेव वारिभिः।
तृप्यतामिति पश्चात्तु स पितॄंस्तर्पयेत्ततः ॥ १४.१०४.५७ ॥
Then, to Aryaman as well, and likewise to the Agniṣvāttas and the Somapas, with water mixed with sesame on kuśa grass, saying "may they be satisfied"; afterwards he should offer libations to the fathers.
14.104.58
पितॄन्पितामहांश्चैव तथैव प्रपितामहान् ।
पितामहीस्तता चापि तथैव प्रपितामहीः ॥ १४.१०४.५८ ॥
The fathers, the grandfathers, and likewise the great-grandfathers; the grandmothers and likewise the great-grandmothers.
14.104.59
मातरं चात्मनश्चैव गुरुमाचार्यमेव च ।
पितृमातृष्वसारौ च तथा मातामहीमपि ॥ १४.१०४.५९ ॥
One's mother and one's own mother, the teacher and the preceptor as well; the sisters of the father and mother, and the maternal grandmother also.
14.104.60
उपाध्यायान्सखीन्बन्धूञ्शिष्यर्त्विग्ज्ञातिबांधवान् ।
प्रमीतानानृशंस्यार्थं तर्पयेत्तानमत्सरः ॥ १४.१०४.६० ॥
Teachers, friends, kinsmen, disciples, priests, relatives and kin, and the dead—out of compassion, without envy, one should satisfy them with libations.
14.104.61
तर्पयित्वा तथाऽऽचम्य स्नानवस्त्रं प्रपीडयेत् ।
वृत्तिं भृत्यजनस्याहुः स्नानं पानं च तद्विदः ॥ १४.१०४.६१ ॥
Having satisfied them with libations and likewise having sipped water for purification, one should wring out the bathing cloth; those who know this say that bathing and drink are the livelihood of servants.
14.104.62
अतर्पयित्वा तान्पूर्वं स्नानवस्त्रं न पीडयेत् ।
पीडयेच्चेत्पुरा मोहाद्देवाः सर्पिगणास्तथा।
पितरस्तु निराशास्ते शप्त्वा यान्ति यथागतं ॥ १४.१०४.६२ ॥
One should not wring out the bathing cloth without first having satisfied them with libations; if out of delusion one were to wring it out beforehand, the gods, the hosts of serpents, and likewise the ancestors, disappointed, would curse and return the way they came.
14.104.63
प्रक्षाल्य तु मृदा पादावाचम्य प्रयतः पुनः ।
दर्भेषु दर्भपाणिः सन्स्वाध्यायं तु समारभेत् ॥ १४.१०४.६३ ॥
Then, having washed his feet with earth and again sipped water for purification, self-controlled, with kuśa grass in hand, seated on kuśa grass, one should begin the recitation of the Veda.
14.104.64
वेदमादौ समारभ्य ततोपर्युपरि क्रमात् ।
यदधीतेऽन्वहं शक्त्या तत्स्वाध्यायं प्रचक्षते ॥ १४.१०४.६४ ॥
Beginning the Veda from the start and proceeding in order, further and further, whatever is recited each day according to one's capacity—that is called svādhyāya.
14.104.65
ऋचो वाऽपि यजुर्वाऽपि सामगायमथापि च ।
इतिहासपुराणानि यथाशक्ति न हापयेत् ॥ १४.१०४.६५ ॥
Verses of the Ṛg, the formulas of the Yajus, or the chants of the Sāman, and likewise the histories and Purāṇas—one should not neglect these, according to one's capacity.
14.104.66
उत्थाय तु नमस्कृत्य दिशो दिग्देवता अपि ।
ब्रह्मणं च ततश्चाग्निं पृथिवीमोषधीस्तथा ॥ १४.१०४.६६ ॥
Rising and bowing, one should honour the quarters and the deities of the quarters, then Brahmā and Agni, likewise the earth and the herbs.
14.104.67
वाचं वाचस्पतिं चैव मां चैव सरितस्तथा ।
नमस्कृत्य तथाऽद्भिस्तु प्रणवादि च पूर्ववत् ॥ १४.१०४.६७ ॥
Having bowed to speech, to Vācaspati, to me, and likewise to the rivers, and likewise with water, together with the syllable praṇava and the rest, as before.
14.104.68
ततो नमोऽद्भ्य इत्युक्त्वा नमस्कुर्यात्तु तज्जलम् ।
घृणिः सूर्यस्तथाऽऽदित्यस्तं प्रणम्य स्वमूर्धनि ॥ १४.१०४.६८ ॥
Then, saying 'homage to the waters', one should bow to that water; having bowed to the radiant Sun and Āditya, upon one's own head.
14.104.69
ततस्त्वालोकयन्नर्कं प्रणवेन समाहितः ।
ततो मामर्चयेत्पुष्पैर्मत्प्रियैरेव नित्यशः ॥ १४.१०४.६९ ॥
Then, gazing at the sun, composed with the syllable praṇava; then one should worship me with flowers dear to me, every day.
14.104.70
त्वत्प्रियाणि प्रसूनानि त्वदधिष्ठानि माधव ।
सर्वाण्याचक्ष्व देवेश त्वद्भक्तस्य ममाच्युत ॥ १४.१०४.७० ॥
Tell me all the flowers that are dear to you and abide in you, O Mādhava; O lord of gods, O Acyuta, to me, your devotee.
14.104.71
शृणुष्वावहितो राजन्पुष्पाणि प्रियकृन्ति मे ।
कुमुदं करवीरं च चणकं चंपकं तथा ॥ १४.१०४.७१ ॥
Listen attentively, O king, to the flowers that delight me: the water-lily (kumuda), oleander (karavīra), chickpea blossom (caṇaka), champaka, and likewise.
14.104.72
मल्लिकाजातिपुष्पं च नन्द्यावर्तं च नन्दिकम् ।
पलाशपुष्पपत्राणि दूर्वा भृङ्गकमेव च ॥ १४.१०४.७२ ॥
Jasmine and mallikā blossoms, the nandyāvarta and nandika flowers, palāśa flowers and leaves, dūrvā grass, and bhṛṅgaka as well.
14.104.73
वनमाला च राजेन्द्र मत्प्रियाणि विशेषतः ।
सर्वेषामपि पुष्पाणां सहस्रगुणमुत्पलम् ॥ १४.१०४.७३ ॥
O lord of kings, the forest garland is especially dear to me; and among all flowers the blue lotus is a thousand times better.
14.104.74
तस्मात्पद्मं तथा राजन्पद्मात्तु सतपत्रकम् ।
तस्मात्सहस्रपत्रं तु पुण्डरीकं ततः परम् ॥ १४.१०४.७४ ॥
After that, O king, the lotus; better than the lotus is the hundred-petalled flower; after that the thousand-petalled flower; and beyond that, the white lotus.
14.104.75
पुण्डरीकसहस्रात्तु तुलसी गुणतोऽधिका ।
बकपुष्पं ततस्तस्मात्सौवर्णं तु ततोऽधिकम्।
सौवर्णात्तु प्रसूनाच्च मत्प्रियं नास्ति पाण्डव ॥ १४.१०४.७५ ॥
Tulasī surpasses a thousand white lotuses in virtue; then the baka flower; beyond that the golden flower; and, Pāṇḍava, nothing is dearer to me than the golden flower.
14.104.76
पुष्पाभावे तुलस्यास्तु पत्रैर्मामर्चयेत्पुनः ।
पत्रालाभे तु शाखाभिः शाकालाभे शिफालवैः।
शिफाभावे मृदा तत्र भक्तिमानर्चयेत माम् ॥ १४.१०४.७६ ॥
If there are no flowers of tulasī, let him worship me again with its leaves; if there are no leaves, with branches; if there are no greens, with shoots and tendrils; if there are no roots, let the devoted one worship me with earth.
14.104.77
वर्जनीयानि पुष्पाणि शृणु राजन्समाहितः ।
किङ्किणी मुनिपुष्पं च धुर्धूरं पाटलं तथा ॥ १४.१०४.७७ ॥
Listen attentively, O king, to the flowers that are to be avoided: kiṅkiṇī, the muni flower, dhurdhūra, and pāṭala as well.
14.104.78
तथाऽतिमुक्तकं चैव पुन्नागं नक्तमालिकम् ।
यौधिकं क्षीरिकापुष्पं निर्गुण्डी लाङ्गुली जपा ॥ १४.१०४.७८ ॥
Likewise the atimuktaka, punnāga, naktamālikā, yaudhika, kṣīrikā flower, nirguṇḍī, lāṅgulī and japā.
14.104.79
कर्णिकारं तथाऽशोकं शल्मलीपुष्पमेव च ।
ककुभाः कोविदाराश्च वैभीतकमथापि च ॥ १४.१०४.७९ ॥
Likewise the karṇikāra, aśoka, the śalmalī flower, the kakubha, kovidāra and vaibhītaka trees.
14.104.80
कुरण्टकप्रसूनं च कल्पकं कालकं तथा ।
अङ्केलं गिरिकर्णी च नीलान्येव च सर्वशः।
एकपर्णानि चान्यानि सर्वाण्येव विवर्जयेत् ॥ १४.१०४.८० ॥
The kuraṇṭaka flower, kalpaka, kālaka, aṅkela, giri-karṇī, all blue flowers, the single-leaved ones and all the others should be avoided.
14.104.81
अर्कपुष्पाणि वर्ज्यानि अर्कपत्रस्तितानि च ।
व्याघृताः पिचुमन्दानि सर्वाण्येव विवर्जयेत् ॥ १४.१०४.८१ ॥
Arka flowers are to be avoided, and arka leaves; the vyāghṛtā and picumanda, all of these should be avoided.
14.104.82
अन्यैस्तु शुक्लपत्रैस्तु गन्धवद्भिर्नराधिप ।
अवर्ज्यैस्तैर्यथालाभं मद्भक्तो मां समर्चयेत् ॥ १४.१०४.८२ ॥
O lord of men, with other fragrant white leaves that are not to be avoided, whatever is available, my devotee should worship me.
14.104.83
कथं त्वमर्चनीयोसि मूर्तयः कीदृशास्तु ते ।
वैखानसाः कथं ब्रुयूः कथं वा पाञ्चरात्रिकाः ॥ १४.१०४.८३ ॥
How are you to be worshipped? What kind are your images? How should the Vaikhānasas speak, or how the Pāñcarātrikas?
14.104.84
शृणु पाण्डव तत्सर्वमर्चनाक्रममात्मनः ।
स्थण्डिले पद्मकं कृत्वा चाष्टपत्रं सकर्णिकम् ॥ १४.१०४.८४ ॥
Hear, Pāṇḍava, the whole order of my worship: having drawn on level ground a lotus with eight petals and its pericarp,
14.104.85
अष्टाक्षरविधानेन ह्यथवा द्वादशाक्षरैः ।
वैदिकैरथ मन्त्रैश्च मम सूक्तेन वा पुनः ॥ १४.१०४.८५ ॥
by the rite of the eight-syllable mantra, or with the twelve-syllable one, with Vedic mantras, or again with my hymn.
14.104.86
स्थापितं मां ततस्तस्मिन्नर्ययित्वा विचक्षणः ।
पुरुषं च ततः सत्यमत्युतं च युधिष्टिर ॥ १४.१०४.८६ ॥
Having installed me there and worshipped me as a wise man should, then Puruṣa, Satya and Acyuta as well, O Yudhiṣṭhira.
14.104.87
अनिरुद्धं च मां प्राहुर्वैखानसविदो जनाः ।
अन्ये त्वेवं विजानन्ति मां राजन्पाञ्चरात्रिकाः। ॥ १४.१०४.८७ ॥
Those who know the Vaikhānasa call me Aniruddha; but others, the Pāñcarātrikas, O king, know me thus.
14.104.88
वासुदेवं च राजेन्द्र संकर्षणमथापि वा ।
प्रद्युम्नं चानिरुद्धं च चतुर्मूर्तिं प्रचक्षते ॥ १४.१०४.८८ ॥
O lord of kings, Vāsudeva and Saṃkarṣaṇa, or Pradyumna and Aniruddha: the four-formed one, so they declare me.
14.104.89
एताश्चान्याश्च राजेन्द्र संज्ञाभेदेन मूर्तयः ।
विद्ध्यार्थान्तरा एवं मामेवं चार्चयेद्भुधः ॥ १४.१०४.८९ ॥
O lord of kings, these and the others are forms distinguished by name; know them to have different meanings. Thus should the wise worship me.
14.104.90
त्वद्भक्ताः कीदृसा देव कानि तेषं व्रतानि च ।
एतत्कथय देवेश त्वद्भक्तस्य ममाच्युत ॥ १४.१०४.९० ॥
O god, what kind are your devotees, and what are their vows? Tell me this, O lord of gods, O unfailing one, your devotee.
14.104.91
अनन्यदेवताभक्ता चे मद्भक्तजनप्रियाः ।
मामेव शरणं प्राप्ता मद्भक्तास्ते प्रकीर्तिताः ॥ १४.१०४.९१ ॥
Those who are devoted to no other god, dear to the people who are my devotees, who have taken refuge in me alone—they are declared to be my devotees.
14.104.92
स्वर्ग्याण्यपि यशस्यानि मत्प्रियाणि विशेषतः ।
मद्भक्तः पाण्डवश्रेष्ठ व्रतानीमानि धारयेत् ॥ १४.१०४.९२ ॥
O best of the Pāṇḍavas, these vows, which bring heaven and fame and are especially dear to me, should be observed by my devotee.
14.104.93
नान्यदाच्छादयेद्वस्त्रं मद्भक्तो जलतारणे ।
स्वस्थस्तु न दिवा स्वप्येन्मधुमांसानि वर्जयेत् ॥ १४.१०४.९३ ॥
At the crossing of water, my devotee should not cover himself with any other cloth; when in good health he should not sleep by day, and he should avoid honey and meat.
14.104.94
प्रदक्षिणं व्रजेद्विप्रान्गामश्वत्थं हुताशनम् ।
न धावेत्पतिते वर्षे नाग्नभिक्षां च लोपयेत् ॥ १४.१०४.९४ ॥
He should circumambulate Brahmins, the cow, the fig tree and the fire; he should not run when the rain falls, and he should not omit the fire-offering alms.
14.104.95
प्रत्यक्षलवणं नाद्यत्सौभाञ्जनकरञ्जनौ ।
ग्रासमुष्टिं गवपे दद्याद्धान्याम्लं चैव वर्जयेत् ॥ १४.१०४.९५ ॥
He should not eat visible salt, nor saubhāñjana and karañja; he should give a handful of food to the cow, and he should avoid sour grain-liquor.
14.104.96
तथा पर्युषितं चापि पक्वं परगृहागतम् ।
अनिवेदितं च यद्द्रव्यं तत्प्रयत्नेन वर्जयेत् ॥ १४.१०४.९६ ॥
Likewise, stale food, food cooked but brought from another's house, and any substance not offered in worship should be carefully avoided.
14.104.97
विभितककरञ्जानां छायां दूरे विवर्जयेत् ।
पिप्रदेवपरीवादान्न वदेत्पीडितोपि सन् ॥ १४.१०४.९७ ॥
One should keep far from the shade of the vibhītaka and karañja trees, and even when afflicted, one should not speak ill of the Brahmins.
14.104.98
सात्विका राजसाश्चापि तामसाश्चापि पाण्डव ।
मामर्चयन्ति मद्भक्तास्तेषामीदृग्विदा गतिः ॥ १४.१०४.९८ ॥
O Pāṇḍava, even the sāttvic, the rājasic and the tāmasic who worship me as my devotees — their destination is that of such knowers.
14.104.99
तामसास्तिमिरं यान्ति राजसा रज एव तत् ।
सात्विकाः सत्वसंपन्नाः सत्वमेव प्रयान्ति ते ॥ १४.१०४.९९ ॥
The tāmasic go into darkness, the rājasic into passion; but the sāttvic, endowed with sattva, attain sattva alone.
14.104.100
ये सिद्धाः सन्ति साङ्ख्येन योगसत्वबलेन च ।
नभस्यादित्यचन्द्राभ्यां पश्यन्ति पदविस्तरम् ॥ १४.१०४.१०० ॥
Those perfected ones who, through Sāṅkhya and the strength of yoga and sattva, see the vast expanse of the path in the sky by means of the sun and the moon.
14.104.101
एकस्तंभे नवद्वारे त्रिस्थूणे पञ्चसाक्षिके ।
एतस्मिन्देहनगरे राजसस्तु सदा भवेत् ॥ १४.१०४.१०१ ॥
In this city of the body, with one pillar, nine gates, three supports and five witnesses, the rājasic quality is always present.
14.104.102
उदिते सवितर्याप्य क्रियायुक्तस्य धीमतः ।
चतुर्वेदविदश्चापि देहे षड्वृषलाः स्मृताः ॥ १४.१०४.१०२ ॥
When the sun has risen, in the body of the wise man devoted to rites, and of the knower of the four Vedas, six vṛṣalas are said to dwell.
14.104.103
क्षत्रियाः सप्त विज्ञेया वैश्यास्त्वष्टौ प्रकीर्तिताः ।
नियताः पाण्डवश्रेष्ठ शूद्राणामेकविंशतिः ॥ १४.१०४.१०३ ॥
Seven kṣatriyas are to be known, and eight vaiśyas are declared. Fixed, O best of the Pāṇḍavas, are twenty-one śūdras.
14.104.104
कामः क्रोधश्च लोभश्च मोहश्च मद एव च ।
महामोहश्च इत्येते देहे षड्वृषलाः स्मृताः ॥ १४.१०४.१०४ ॥
Desire, anger, greed, delusion, intoxication, and great delusion—these are said to be the six vṛṣalas in the body.
14.104.105
गर्वः स्तंभो ह्यहङ्कार ईर्ष्या च द्रोह एव च ।
पारुष्यं क्रूरता चैव सप्तैत क्षत्रियाः स्मृताः ॥ १४.१०४.१०५ ॥
Arrogance, stubbornness, self-conceit, envy, malice, harshness, and cruelty—these seven are said to be the kṣatriyas.
14.104.106
तीक्ष्णता निकृतिर्माया शाठ्यं डंभो ह्यनार्जवम् ।
पैशुन्यमनृतं चैव वेश्यास्त्वष्टौ प्रकीर्तिताः ॥ १४.१०४.१०६ ॥
Sharpness, cheating, illusion, deceit, hypocrisy, crookedness, slander, and falsehood—these eight are declared to be the vaiśyas.
14.104.107
तृष्णा बुभुक्षा निद्रा च ह्यालस्यं चाघृणादयः ।
आधिश्चापि विषादश्च प्रमादो हीनसत्वता ॥ १४.१०४.१०७ ॥
Thirst, hunger, sleep, laziness, pitilessness and the like, mental anguish, despondency, heedlessness, and weakness of spirit.
14.104.108
भयं विक्लबता जाड्यं पापकं मन्युरेव च ।
आशा चाश्रद्दधानत्वमनवस्थाप्यमन्त्रणम् ॥ १४.१०४.१०८ ॥
Fear, bewilderment, dullness, sinful deeds and anger, hope, lack of faith, instability and wicked deliberation.
14.104.109
आशौचं मलिनत्वं च शूद्रा ह्येते प्रकीर्तिताः ।
यस्मिन्नेते न दृश्यन्ते स वै ब्राह्मण उच्यते ॥ १४.१०४.१०९ ॥
Impurity and uncleanness, these indeed are declared to be the śūdra. He in whom these are not seen is called a brāhmaṇa.
14.104.110
येषुयेषु हि भावेषु यत्कालं वर्तते द्विजः ।
तत्कालं वै स विज्ञेयो ब्राह्मणो ज्ञानदुर्बलः ॥ १४.१०४.११० ॥
In whatever states a twice-born man abides at any time, at that time he is to be known as a brāhmaṇa — weak in knowledge.
14.104.111
प्राणानायम्य यत्कालं येन मां चापि चिन्तयेत् ।
तत्कालो वै द्विजो ज्ञेयः शेषकालो ह्यथेतरः ॥ १४.१०४.१११ ॥
When, having restrained his breaths, one contemplates me, at that time he is to be known as twice-born; the rest of the time is otherwise.
14.104.112
तस्मात्तु सात्विको भूत्वा शुचिः क्रोधविवर्जितः ।
मामर्चयेत्तु सततं मत्प्रियत्वं यदीच्छति ॥ १४.१०४.११२ ॥
Therefore, becoming pure in nature, clean and free from anger, one who desires to be dear to me should always worship me.
14.104.113
अलोलजिह्वः समुपस्थितो धृतिं ।
निधाय चक्षुर्युगमात्रमेव तत।
मनश्च वाचं च निगृह्य चञ्चलं ।
भयान्निवृत्तो मम भक्त उच्यते ॥ १४.१०४.११३ ॥
He whose tongue is not restless, who stands steadily present with firmness, who fixes his gaze no further than a yoke's length, who restrains the restless mind and speech, and has turned back from fear — he is called my devotee.
14.104.114
ईदृशाध्यात्मिनो ये तु ब्राह्मणा नियतेन्द्रियाः ।
तेषां श्राद्धेषु तृप्यन्ति तेन तृप्ताः पितामहाः ॥ १४.१०४.११४ ॥
Such brahmins, who are learned in the self and whose senses are restrained, are the ones in whose śrāddha rites the forefathers are satisfied; satisfied by that, the forefathers are pleased.
14.104.115
धर्मो जयति नाधर्मः सत्यं जयति नानृतम् ।
क्षमा जयति न क्रोधः क्षमावान्ब्राह्मणो भवेत् ॥ १४.१०४.११५ ॥
Dharma prevails, not adharma; truth prevails, not falsehood; forbearance prevails, not anger. Let the forbearing one be a brahmin.