Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 14.107
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14.107.1
इदं मे तत्वतो देव वक्तुमर्हस्यशेषतः ।
हिंसामकृत्वा यो मर्त्यो ब्रह्महत्यामवाप्नुयात् ॥ १४.१०७.१ ॥
O god, you ought to tell me fully and truly how a mortal, without committing violence, would incur the sin of killing a brahmin.
14.107.2
ब्राह्मणं स्वयमाहूय भिक्षार्थं वृत्तिकर्शितम् ।
ब्रूयान्नास्तीति यः पश्चात्तमाहुर्ब्रह्मघातकम् ॥ १४.१०७.२ ॥
One who himself invites a brahmin for alms, and then, when that brahmin is emaciated from lack of livelihood, says "there is nothing" — such a man they call a slayer of brahmins.
14.107.3
मध्यस्थस्येह विप्रस्य योऽनूचानस्य भारत ।
वृत्तिं हरति दुर्बुद्धइस्तमाहुर्ब्रह्मघातकम् ॥ १४.१०७.३ ॥
O Bhārata, one who, out of evil mind, takes away the livelihood of a learned brahmin who stands here as a mediator — such a man they call a slayer of brahmins.
14.107.4
आश्रमे वाऽऽलये वाऽपि ग्रामे वा नगरेऽपि वा ।
अग्निं यः प्रक्षिपेत्क्रुद्धस्तमाहुर्ब्रह्मघातकम् ॥ १४.१०७.४ ॥
One who, in anger, sets fire to a fire — whether in a hermitage, a dwelling, a village or even a city — such a man they call a slayer of brahmins.
14.107.5
गोकुलस्य तृषार्तस्य जलान्ते वसुधाधिप ।
उत्पादयति यो विघ्नं तमाहुर्ब्रह्मघातकम् ॥ १४.१०७.५ ॥
O lord of the earth, one who creates an obstruction at the water's edge for a herd of cows afflicted by thirst — such a man they call a slayer of brahmins.
14.107.6
यः प्रवृत्तां श्रुतिं सम्यक्छास्त्रं वा मुनिभिः कृतम् ।
दूषयत्यनभिज्ञाय तमाहुर्ब्रह्मघातकम् ॥ १४.१०७.६ ॥
One who, without understanding, defiles the scripture that is in current use, or a treatise properly composed by sages — such a man they call a slayer of brahmins.
14.107.7
चक्षुषा वाऽपि हीनस्य पङ्गोर्वाऽपि जडस्य वा ।
हरेद्वै यस्तु सर्वस्वं तमाहुर्ब्रह्मघातकम् ॥ १४.१०७.७ ॥
He who takes all the wealth of one who is blind, lame, or dull-witted — such a man they call a slayer of brahmins.
14.107.8
गुरुं त्वंकृत्यं हुंकृत्य अतिक्रम्य च शासनम् ।
वर्तते यस्तु मूढात्मा तमाहुर्ब्रह्मघातकम् ॥ १४.१०७.८ ॥
He who, foolish-minded, addresses his teacher with 'you' or with a grunt 'hum', and transgresses his command — such a man they call a slayer of brahmins.
14.107.9
क्रोधाद्वा यदि वा द्वेषादाक्रुष्टस्तर्जितोपि वा ।
ऋतौ स्त्रियं वा नोपेयात्तमाहुर्ब्रह्मघातकम् ॥ १४.१०७.९ ॥
He who, from anger or from hatred — even when reviled or threatened — does not approach his wife in her fertile season, such a man they call a slayer of brahmins.
14.107.10
यावत्सारो भवेद्दीनस्तन्नाशे यस्य दुःस्थितिः ।
तत्सर्वस्वं हरेद्यो वै तमाहुर्ब्रह्मघातकम् ॥ १४.१०७.१० ॥
He who takes all the possessions of a poor man — the little substance he has, the loss of which would plunge him into misery — such a man they call a slayer of brahmins.
14.107.11
सप्वेषामपि दानानां यत्तु दानं विशिष्यते ।
अभोज्यान्नाश्च ये विप्रास्तान्ब्रवीहि सुरोत्तम ॥ १४.१०७.११ ॥
Among all gifts, which gift is distinguished? And tell me, O best of gods, of those brahmins whose food may not be eaten.
14.107.12
अन्नमेव प्रशंसन्ति देवा ब्रह्मपुरस्सराः ।
अन्नेन सदृशं दानं न भूतं न भविष्यति ॥ १४.१०७.१२ ॥
The gods, led by Brahmā, praise food alone. No gift has ever been, or ever will be, equal to the gift of food.
14.107.13
अन्नमूर्जस्करं लोके ह्यन्नात्प्राणाः प्रतिष्ठिताः ।
अबोज्यान्नान्मया राजन्वक्ष्यमाणान्निबोध मे ॥ १४.१०७.१३ ॥
In the world food gives strength, for the life-breaths are established in food. O king, hear from me of the food that must not be eaten, which I shall describe.
14.107.14
दीक्षितस्य कदर्यस्य क्रुद्धस्य निकृतस्य च ।
अभिशप्तस्य षण्डस्य पाकभेदकरस्य च ॥ १४.१०७.१४ ॥
The food of one who has taken a sacred vow, of a miser, of one angry, of one wronged, of one cursed, of a eunuch, and of one who divides the cooking.
14.107.15
चिकित्सकस्य दूतस्य तथा चोच्छिष्टभोजिनः ।
उग्रान्नं सूतकान्नं च शूद्रोच्छेषणमेव च ॥ १४.१०७.१५ ॥
The food of a physician and of a messenger, likewise of one who eats leftovers, the food of a harsh man, the food of one under mourning impurity, and indeed the leftovers of a Śūdra.
14.107.16
द्विषदन्नं न भोक्तव्यं पतितान्नं च यच्छ्रुतम् ।
तथा च पिशुनस्यान्नं यज्ञविक्रयिणस्तथा ॥ १४.१०७.१६ ॥
The food of an enemy must not be eaten; the food of a fallen person, as has been heard; likewise the food of a slanderer and of one who sells sacrifices.
14.107.17
शैलूषं तन्तुवायान्नं कृतघ्नस्यान्नमेव च ।
अंबष्ठकनिषादानां रङ्गावतरकस्य च ॥ १४.१०७.१७ ॥
The food of an actor, the food of a weaver, the food of an ungrateful man, indeed the food of the Ambaṣṭhas and Niṣādas, and of one who performs on the stage.
14.107.18
सुवर्णकर्तुर्वैणस्यि शस्त्रविक्रयिणस्तथा ।
सूताना शौण्डिकानां च वैद्यस्य रजकस्य च ॥ १४.१०७.१८ ॥
The food of a goldsmith, of a basket-weaver, of one who sells weapons, likewise of the sūtas, of liquor-sellers, of a physician, and of a washerman.
14.107.19
स्त्रीजितस्य नृशंसस्य तथा माहिषिकस्य च ।
अनिर्दशानां प्रेतानां गणिकानां तथैव च ॥ १४.१०७.१९ ॥
The food of one ruled by a woman, of the cruel, of the buffalo-herder, of those who have not completed their period of impurity, of the dead, and likewise of courtesans is to be avoided.
14.107.20
बन्दिनो द्यूतकर्तुश्च तथा द्यूतविदामपि ।
परिवित्तस्य यच्चान्नं परिवेत्तुस्तथैव च ॥ १४.१०७.२० ॥
The food of a bard, of a gambler, of experts in gambling, of the one who has a younger brother married before him, and likewise of the one who marries before his elder brother is to be avoided.
14.107.21
यश्चाग्रदिधिषुर्विप्रो दिधिषूपपिस्तथा ।
तयोरप्युभयोरन्नं राज्ञां चापि विवर्जयेत् ॥ १४.१०७.२१ ॥
A brahmin who wishes to marry before his elder brother's sister, and the husband of such a didhiṣū, the food of both of them, and also the food of kings, should be avoided.
14.107.22
राजान्नं तेज आदत्ते शूद्रान्नं ब्रह्मवर्चसम् ।
आयुः सुवर्णकारान्नं यशश्चार्मावकृन्तिनः ॥ १४.१०७.२२ ॥
The food of a king takes away radiance, the food of a śūdra takes away brahmic splendor, the food of a goldsmith takes away life, and the food of a leather-cutter takes away fame.
14.107.23
गणान्नं गणिकान्नं च लोकेभ्यः परिकीर्तितम् ।
पूयं चिकित्सकस्यान्नं शुक्लं तु वृषलीपतेः ॥ १४.१०७.२३ ॥
The food of a group and the food of a courtesan are declared reproachable in the worlds; the food of a physician is like pus, and the food of the husband of a vṛṣalī is like semen.
14.107.24
विष्ठा वार्धुषिकस्यान्नं तस्मात्तत्परिवर्जयेत् ।
तेषां त्वगस्थिरोमाणि भुङ्क्ते योऽन्नं तु भक्षयेत् ॥ १४.१०७.२४ ॥
The food of a usurer is excrement, therefore it should be avoided. He who eats their food eats their skin, bones and hair.
14.107.25
अमात्यान्नमथैतेषां भुक्त्वा तु त्रियहं क्षिपेत् ।
मत्या भुक्त्वा सकृद्वाऽपि प्राजापत्यं चरेद्द्विजः ॥ १४.१०७.२५ ॥
Having eaten the food of their ministers, one should fast for three days; and if a twice-born man eats it knowingly even once, he should perform the Prājāpatya penance.
14.107.26
दानानां च फलं यद्वै शृणु पाण्डव तत्वतः ।
जलदस्तृप्तिमाप्नोति सुखमक्षयमन्नदः ॥ १४.१०७.२६ ॥
Hear truly, O Pāṇḍava, the fruit of gifts: the giver of water obtains contentment, and the giver of food obtains imperishable happiness.
14.107.27
तिलदश्च प्रजामिष्टां दीपदश्चक्षुरुत्तमम् ।
भूमदो भूमिमाप्नोति दीर्घमायुर्हिरण्यदः ॥ १४.१०७.२७ ॥
The giver of sesame obtains desired offspring, and the giver of lamps obtains the finest sight. The giver of land obtains land, and the giver of gold obtains long life.
14.107.28
गृहदोऽग्र्याणि वेश्मानि रूप्यदो रूपमुत्तमम् ।
वासोदश्चन्द्रसालोक्यमश्विसालोक्यमश्वदः ॥ १४.१०७.२८ ॥
The giver of a house obtains excellent dwellings, and the giver of silver obtains supreme beauty. The giver of clothing obtains the world of the moon, and the giver of horses obtains the world of the Aśvins.
14.107.29
अनडुद्दः श्रियं जुष्टां गोदो गोलोकमश्नुते ।
यानशय्याप्रदो भार्यामैश्वर्यमभयप्रदः ॥ १४.१०७.२९ ॥
The giver of an ox obtains cherished prosperity, and the giver of cows attains the world of cows. The giver of vehicle and bed obtains a wife, and the giver of fearlessness obtains sovereignty.
14.107.30
धान्यदः शाश्वतं सौख्यं ब्रह्मदो ब्रह्मसाम्यताम् ।
सर्वेषामेव दानानां ब्रह्मदानं विशिष्यते ॥ १४.१०७.३० ॥
The giver of grain obtains everlasting happiness, and the giver of Brahman, that is, of the Veda, attains likeness to Brahman. Of all gifts, the gift of Brahman is pre-eminent.
14.107.31
हिरण्यभूगवाश्वाजवस्त्रशय्यासनादिषु ।
योर्चितः प्रतिगृह्णाति दद्यादुचितमेव च।
तावुभौ गच्छतः स्वर्गं नरकं च विपर्यये ॥ १४.१०७.३१ ॥
Whether he accepts gold, land, cows, horses, goats, garments, beds and seats with honour, or gives what is fitting, both go to heaven; in the reverse case, both go to hell.
14.107.32
अनृतं न वदेद्विद्वांस्तपस्तप्त्वा न विस्मयेत् ।
नार्तोप्यभिभवेद्विप्रान्न दत्त्वा परिकीर्तयेत् ॥ १४.१०७.३२ ॥
The learned man should not speak falsehood; having performed austerity, he should not be proud. Even when afflicted, he should not insult brahmins; having given a gift, he should not proclaim it.
14.107.33
यज्ञोऽनृतेन क्षरति तपः क्षरति विस्मयात् ।
आयुर्विप्रावमानेन दानं तु परिकीर्तनात् ॥ १४.१०७.३३ ॥
A sacrifice ebbs away through falsehood, austerity ebbs away through pride; life ebbs away through insulting brahmins, and a gift through proclaiming it.
14.107.34
एकः प्रजायते जन्तुरेक एव प्रमीयते ।
अकोऽनुभुङ्क्ते सुकृतमेकश्चाप्नोति दुष्कृतम् ॥ १४.१०७.३४ ॥
The living being is born alone and dies alone; he alone enjoys the fruit of his good deed, and he alone obtains the fruit of his evil deed.
14.107.35
मृतं शरीरमुत्सृज्य काष्ठलोष्टसमं क्षितौ ।
विमुखा बान्धवा यान्ति धर्मस्तमनुवर्तते ॥ १४.१०७.३५ ॥
Having abandoned the dead body on the earth, like a piece of wood or a clod, the kinsmen go away, turning their faces; only dharma follows him.
14.107.36
अनागतानि कार्याणि कर्तुं गणयते मनः ।
शरीरकं समुद्दिश्य स्मयते नूनमन्तकः ॥ १४.१०७.३६ ॥
The mind reckons up tasks that have not yet come; aiming at the body, surely the Ender (Death) smiles.
14.107.37
तस्माद्धर्मसहासस्तु धर्मं संचिनुयात्सदा ।
धर्मेण हि सहायेन तमस्तरति दुस्तरम् ॥ १४.१०७.३७ ॥
Therefore one should always accumulate dharma, with dharma as one's companion; for with dharma as helper a man crosses the darkness that is hard to cross.
14.107.38
येषां तटाकानि बहूदकानि ।
सभाश्च कूपाश्च शुभाः प्रपाश्च।
अन्नप्रदानं मधुरा च वाणी ।
यमस्य ते निर्विषया भवन्ति ॥ १४.१०७.३८ ॥
Those who have ponds abounding in water, assembly halls, good wells, water-booths, the giving of food, and sweet speech — they become free from the domain of Yama.