Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 14.108
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14.108.1
अनेकान्तं बहुद्वारं धर्ममाहुर्मनीपिणः ।
किंलक्षणोसौ भति तन्मे ब्रूहि जनार्दन ॥ १४.१०८.१ ॥
Yudhiṣṭhira said: The wise call dharma many-sided and having many gates. O Janārdana, what is its characteristic, and how does it shine forth? Tell me.
14.108.2
शृणु राजन्समासेन धर्मशौचविधिक्रमम् ।
अहिंसा शौचमक्रोधमानृशंस्यं दमः शमः।
आर्जवं चैव राजेन्द्र निश्चितं धर्मलक्षणम् ॥ १४.१०८.२ ॥
The Blessed One said: Listen, O king, briefly to the order of the rules of dharma and purity. Non-harming, purity, freedom from anger, kindness, self-restraint, tranquillity and uprightness — these, O lord of kings, are the settled marks of dharma.
14.108.3
ब्रह्मचर्यं तपः क्षान्तिर्मधुमांसस्य वर्जनम् ।
मर्यादायां स्थितिश्चैव शमः शौचस्य लक्षणम् ॥ १४.१०८.३ ॥
Chaste conduct, austerity, patience, abstention from honey and meat, steadfastness within the bounds of propriety, and tranquillity — these are the marks of purity.
14.108.4
बाल्ये विद्यां निषेवेत यौवने दारसंग्रहम् ।
वार्धके मौनमातिष्ठेत्सर्वदा धर्ममाचरेत् ॥ १४.१०८.४ ॥
In childhood one should attend to learning; in youth, take a wife; in old age, take up silence; and always practise dharma.
14.108.5
ब्राह्मणान्नावमन्येत गुरुन्परिवदेन्न च ।
यतीनामनुकूलः स्यादेष धर्मः सनातनः ॥ १४.१०८.५ ॥
One should not disdain brahmins, nor speak ill of teachers; one should be kindly disposed toward ascetics — this is the eternal dharma.
14.108.6
यतिर्गुरुर्द्विजातीनां वर्णानां ब्राह्मणो गुरुः ।
पतिरेव गुरुः स्त्रीणां सर्वेषां पार्थिवो गुरुः ॥ १४.१०८.६ ॥
For the twice-born the teacher is the ascetic; for the social classes the teacher is the brahmin; for women the teacher is only the husband; and for all the teacher is the king.
14.108.7
यद्गृहस्तार्जितं पापं ज्ञानतोऽज्ञानतोपि वा ।
निर्दहिष्यति तत्सर्वमेकरात्रोषितो यतिः ॥ १४.१०८.७ ॥
Whatever sin a householder has accumulated, knowingly or unknowingly, an ascetic who stays a single night will burn it all away.
14.108.8
दुर्वृत्ता वा सुवृत्ता वा ज्ञानिनोऽज्ञानिनोपि वा ।
गृहस्थैर्यतयः पूज्याः परत्र हितकाङ्क्षिभिः ॥ १४.१०८.८ ॥
Whether of ill conduct or good, learned or unlearned, ascetics are to be honored by householders who desire welfare in the next world.
14.108.9
एकदण्डी त्रिदण्डी वा शिखी वा मुण्डितोपि वा ।
काषायदण्डधारोपि यतिः पूज्यो न संशयः ॥ १४.१०८.९ ॥
Whether he bears one staff or three, wears a topknot or has a shaven head, even one who carries a saffron staff is a yati worthy of honor, without doubt.
14.108.10
अपूजितो गृहस्थैर्वा तथा चाप्यवमानितः ।
यतिर्वाऽप्यतिथिर्वाऽपि नरके पातयिष्यतः ॥ १४.१०८.१० ॥
An ascetic or a guest who is not honored, or is even insulted, by householders will cast them down into hell.
14.108.11
तस्मात्तु यत्नतः पूज्या मद्भक्ता मत्परायणाः ।
मयि संन्यस्तकर्माणः परत्र हितकाङ्क्षिभिः ॥ १४.१०८.११ ॥
Therefore householders who desire welfare in the next world should carefully honor my devotees, who are intent on me and have renounced their actions in me.
14.108.12
प्रहरेन्न द्विजान्विप्रो गां न हन्यात्कदाचन ।
भ्रूणहत्यासमं चैव उभयं यो निषेवते ॥ १४.१०८.१२ ॥
A brahmin should never strike a twice-born man, nor ever kill a cow; whoever does both commits a sin equal to the killing of an embryo.
14.108.13
नाग्निं मुखेनोपधमेन्न च पादौ प्रतापयेत् ।
नाधः कुर्यात्कदाचित्तु न पृष्ठं परितापयेत् ॥ १४.१०८.१३ ॥
One should not blow on the fire with the mouth, nor warm one's feet at it. Never should one turn the fire downward, nor heat one's back.
14.108.14
नान्तरा गमनं कुर्यान्न चामेध्यं विनिक्षिपेत् ।
उच्छिष्टो न स्पृशेदग्निमाशौचस्थो न जातुचित् ॥ १४.१०८.१४ ॥
One should not walk between fires, nor cast impure things into it. One who is defiled by leftovers should not touch the fire, and one who is in a state of impurity should never touch it.
14.108.15
श्वचण्डालादिभिः स्पृष्टो नाङ्गमग्नौ प्रतापयेत् ।
सर्वदेवमयो वह्निस्तस्माच्छुद्धः सदा स्पृशेत् ॥ १४.१०८.१५ ॥
One who has been touched by a dog, an outcaste, or the like should not heat any part of his body at the fire. Fire consists of all the gods; therefore one should always touch it only in a state of purity.
14.108.16
प्राप्तमूत्रपुरीषस्तु न स्पृशेद्वह्निमात्मवान् ।
यावत्तु धारयेद्वेगं तावदप्रयतो भवेत् ॥ १४.१०८.१६ ॥
A self-controlled man who feels the urge to urinate or defecate should not touch the fire. As long as he holds back that urge, he remains impure.
14.108.17
पचनाग्निं न गृह्णीयात्परवेश्मनि जातुचित् ।
तस्मिन्पक्वेन चान्नेन यत्कर्म कुरुते शुभम् ॥ १४.१०८.१७ ॥
One should never take the cooking fire from another's house. Whatever meritorious act one performs with food cooked in that fire...
14.108.18
तस्यैव तच्छुभस्यार्धमग्निदस्य भवेन्नृप ।
तस्माद्गृहगतं वह्निं प्रकुर्यादविनाशितम् ॥ १४.१०८.१८ ॥
O king, half the merit of that good deed belongs to the one who gave the fire. Therefore one should keep the fire in the house undying.
14.108.19
प्रमादाद्यदि वाऽज्ञानात्तस्य नाशो भविष्यति ।
गृह्णीयात्तु मथित्वा वा श्रोत्रियागारतोपि वा ॥ १४.१०८.१९ ॥
If through carelessness or ignorance it is lost, one should take fire by churning, or even from the house of a learned Brahmin.
14.108.20
कीदृशाः साधवो विप्रास्तेभ्यो दत्तं महाफलम् ।
कीदृशेभ्यो हि दातव्यं तन्मे ब्रूहि जनार्दन ॥ १४.१०८.२० ॥
O Janārdana, what kind of virtuous Brahmins receive gifts that yield great fruit? To what kind of people should gifts be given? Tell me this.
14.108.21
अक्रोधनाः सत्यपरा धर्मनित्या जितेन्द्रियाः ।
तादृशाः साधवो विप्रास्तेभ्यो दत्तं महाफलम् ॥ १४.१०८.२१ ॥
Gifts given to such virtuous Brahmins—free from anger, devoted to truth, constant in dharma, and masters of their senses—yield great fruit.
14.108.22
अमानिनः सर्वसहा दृष्टार्था विजितेन्द्रियाः ।
सर्वभूतहिता मैत्रास्तेभ्यो दत्तं महाफलम् ॥ १४.१०८.२२ ॥
Gifts given to those free from pride, enduring all things, seeing the true aim, masters of their senses, devoted to the welfare of all beings and full of friendliness, yield great fruit.
14.108.23
अलुब्धाः शुचयो वैद्या हीमन्तः सत्यवादिनः ।
स्वधर्मनिरता ये तु तेभ्यो दत्तं महाफलम् ॥ १४.१०८.२३ ॥
Gifts given to those free from greed, pure, learned, modest, speakers of truth, and devoted to their own duty, yield great fruit.
14.108.24
साङ्गंश्च चतुरो वेदान्योऽधीयेत दिनेदिने ।
शूद्रान्नं यस्य नो देहे तत्पात्रमृषयो विदुः ॥ १४.१०८.२४ ॥
The sages hold that he is a fit recipient who studies the four Vedas together with their limbs day after day, and in whose body no food of a Śūdra has entered.
14.108.25
प्रज्ञाश्रुताभ्यां वृत्तेन शीलेन च समन्वितः ।
तारयेत्तत्कुलं सर्वमेकोपीह युधिष्ठिर ॥ १४.१०८.२५ ॥
O Yudhiṣṭhira, even a single man endowed with wisdom, learning, conduct and character saves his entire family here.
14.108.26
गामश्वमन्नं वित्तं वा तद्विधे प्रतिपादयेत् ।
निशम्य तु गुणोपेतं ब्राह्मअणं साधुसंमतम्।
दूरादाहृत्य सत्कृत्य तं प्रयत्नेन पूजयेत् ॥ १४.१०८.२६ ॥
One should give a cow, a horse, food or wealth to such a person; having recognised a brahmin endowed with virtues and approved by the good, having brought him even from afar, honouring him, one should worship him with care.
14.108.27
धर्माधर्मविधिस्त्वेवं भीमं भीष्मेण भाषितम् ।
भीष्मवाक्यात्सारभूतं वद धर्मं सुरेश्वर ॥ १४.१०८.२७ ॥
Thus terrible is the rule of dharma and adharma as spoken by Bhīṣma; O lord of the gods, speak to me dharma in its essence, from Bhīṣma's words.
14.108.28
अन्नेन धार्यते सर्वं जगदेतच्चराचरम् ।
अन्नात्प्रभवति प्राणः प्रत्यक्षं नास्ति संशयः ॥ १४.१०८.२८ ॥
By food this whole moving and unmoving world is sustained; from food the breath of life arises; this is evident, there is no doubt.
14.108.29
कलत्रं पीडयित्वा तु देशे काले च शक्तितः ।
दातव्यं भिक्षवे चान्नमात्मनो भूतिमिच्छता ॥ १४.१०८.२९ ॥
Without straitening one's own body (household), according to place and time and according to one's means, one who desires his own prosperity should give food to a mendicant.
14.108.30
विप्रमध्वपरिश्रान्तं बालं वृद्धमथापि वा ।
अर्चयेद्गुरुवत्प्रीतो गृहस्थो गृहमागतम् ॥ १४.१०८.३० ॥
A householder, pleased, should honour as a teacher a brahmin wearied by the road, a child or an old man, or whoever has come to the house.
14.108.31
क्रोधमुत्पतितं हित्वा सुशीलो वीतमत्सरः ।
अर्चयेदतिथिं प्रीतः परत्र हितभूतये ॥ १४.१०८.३१ ॥
Having abandoned the anger that has arisen, being of good character and free from envy, one should gladly honour a guest; this brings welfare and prosperity in the next world.
14.108.32
अतिथिं नावमन्येत नानृतां गिरमीरयेत् ।
न पृच्छेद्गोत्रचरणं नाधीतं वा कदाचन ॥ १४.१०८.३२ ॥
One should not disrespect a guest, nor utter a false word; one should not ask his lineage and branch of the Veda, nor ever ask what he has studied.
14.108.33
चण्डालो वा श्वपाको वा काले यः कश्चिदागतः ।
अन्नेन पूजनीयः स्यात्परत्र हितमिच्छता ॥ १४.१०८.३३ ॥
Whether he be a caṇḍāla or a śvapāka, whoever arrives at the proper time should be honoured with food by one who desires welfare in the next world.
14.108.34
पिधाय तु गृहद्वारं भुक्ते योऽन्नं प्रहृष्टवान् ।
स्वर्गद्वारपिधानं वै कृतं तेन युधिष्ठिर ॥ १४.१०८.३४ ॥
He who closes the door of his house and gladly eats his food, O Yudhiṣṭhira, has indeed closed the gate of heaven.
14.108.35
पितॄन्देवानृषीन्विप्रानतिथींश्च निराश्रयान् ।
यो नरः प्रीणयत्यन्नैस्तस्य पुण्यफलं महत् ॥ १४.१०८.३५ ॥
The man who gratifies the ancestors, gods, sages, brahmins, guests and the helpless with food, his fruit of merit is great.
14.108.36
कृत्वा तु पापं बहुशो यो दद्यादन्नमर्थिने ।
ब्राह्मणाय विशेषेण सर्वपापैः प्रमुच्यते ॥ १४.१०८.३६ ॥
Having committed sin many times, he who gives food to a supplicant, especially to a brahmin, is freed from all sins.
14.108.37
अन्नदः प्राणदो लोके प्राणदः सर्वदो भवेत् ।
तस्मादन्नं विशेषेण दातव्यं भूतिमिच्छता ॥ १४.१०८.३७ ॥
The giver of food is the giver of life in the world; the giver of life becomes the giver of all. Therefore one who desires welfare should especially give food.
14.108.38
अन्नं ह्यमृतमित्याहुरन्नं प्रजननं स्मृतम् ।
अन्नप्रणाशो सीदन्ति शरीरे पञ्च धातवः ॥ १४.१०८.३८ ॥
Food is called nectar, and food is remembered as the begetter of offspring. When food fails, the five bodily constituents decline in the body.
14.108.39
बलं बलवतो नश्येदन्नहीनस्य देहिनः ।
तस्मादन्नं विशेषेण श्रद्धयाऽश्रद्धयापि वा ॥ १४.१०८.३९ ॥
The strength even of a strong embodied being is destroyed when he lacks food. Therefore food should especially be given, whether with faith or even without faith.
14.108.40
आदत्ते हि रसं सर्वमादित्यः स्वगभस्तिभिः ।
वायुस्तस्मात्समादाय रसं मेधेषु धारयेत् ॥ १४.१०८.४० ॥
The sun draws up all the moisture with his own rays. Then the wind, having taken up that moisture, should hold it in the clouds.
14.108.41
तत्तु मेघगतं भूमौ शक्रो वर्षति तादृशम् ।
तेन दिग्धा भवेद्देवी मही प्रीता च ॥ १४.१०८.४१ ॥
Indra then rains that moisture, having gone into the cloud, upon the earth in such a way. Moistened by it, the goddess Earth becomes pleased.
14.108.42
तस्यां सस्यानि रोहन्ति यैर्जीवन्त्यखिलाः प्रजाः ।
मांसमेदोस्थिमज्जानां सम्भवस्तेभ्य एव हि ॥ १४.१०८.४२ ॥
In that earth crops grow, by which all creatures live. The origin of flesh, fat, bone and marrow comes from them alone.
14.108.43
एवं सूर्यश्च पवनो मेघः शक्रस्तथैव च ।
एक एव स्थितो राशिर्यतो भूतानि जज्ञिरे ॥ १४.१०८.४३ ॥
Thus the sun, the wind, the cloud and Indra as well remain in one single mass, from which beings were born.
14.108.44
भवनानि च दिव्यानि दिवि तेषां महात्मनाम् ।
नानासंस्थानि भूतानि नानाभूमिगतानि च ॥ १४.१०८.४४ ॥
In heaven there are divine dwellings of those great-souled ones; beings of many forms are also found on many lands.
14.108.45
चन्द्रमण्डलशुभ्राणि किङ्किणीजालवन्ति च ।
तरुणादित्यवर्णानि स्थावराणि चराणि च ॥ १४.१०८.४५ ॥
Bright as the disc of the moon, adorned with networks of little bells, of the colour of the young sun, are immovable and movable things.
14.108.46
अनेकशतसङ्ख्यानि सान्तर्जलवनानि च ।
तत्र पुष्पफलोपेताः कामदाः सुरपादपाः ॥ १४.१०८.४६ ॥
Hundreds upon hundreds in number are forests with water within them; there are divine trees, full of flowers and fruits, granting desires.
14.108.47
वाप्यो बद्धसभाः कूपा दीर्घिकाश्च सहस्रशः ।
भक्ष्यभोज्यमयाः शैला वासांस्याभरणानि च ॥ १४.१०८.४७ ॥
Step-wells, wells with firm assembly-halls, and long ponds by the thousand; mountains made of food and drink, garments and ornaments as well.
14.108.48
क्षीरस्रवन्त्यः सरितस्तथा चैवान्नपर्वताः ।
घोषवन्ति च यानानि युक्तान्यथ सहस्रशः ॥ १४.१०८.४८ ॥
Rivers flowing with milk, and mountains of food as well; and vehicles yoked by the thousand, resounding.
14.108.49
प्रासादप्रवराः शुभ्राः शय्याश्च कनकोज्ज्वलाः ।
अन्नदास्तत्र तिष्ठन्ति तस्मादन्नप्रदो भवेत् ॥ १४.१०८.४९ ॥
Excellent white palaces and beds gleaming with gold stand there, where the givers of food dwell. Therefore one should become a giver of food.