Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 14.112
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14.112.1
चक्रायुध नमस्तेऽस्तु देवेश गरुडध्वज ।
चान्द्रायणविधिं पुण्यमाख्याहि भगवन्मम ॥ १४.११२.१ ॥
Homage to you, O discus-wielder, lord of gods, Garuḍa-bannered one. O blessed lord, tell me the meritorious rule of the lunar penance.
14.112.2
शृणु पाण्डव तत्वेन सर्वपापप्रणाशनम् ।
पापिनो येन शुद्ध्यन्ति तत्ते वक्ष्यामि सर्वशः ॥ १४.११२.२ ॥
Listen, O Pāṇḍava: I will tell you fully, in essence, that which destroys all sins and by which sinners are purified.
14.112.3
ब्राह्मणः क्षत्रियो वाऽपि वैश्यो वा चरितव्रतः ।
यथावत्कर्तुकामो वै तस्यैवं प्रथमा क्रिया ॥ १४.११२.३ ॥
A brahmin, kṣatriya, or vaiśya who has taken up a vow and wishes to perform it duly: this is the first rite for him.
14.112.4
शोधयेत्तु शरीरं स्वं पञ्चगव्येन यन्त्रितः ।
सशिरः कृष्णपक्षस्य ततः कुर्वीत वापनम् ॥ १४.११२.४ ॥
Having restrained himself, he should purify his own body with the five products of the cow; then, in the dark fortnight, he should have his head shaved.
14.112.5
शुक्लवासाः शुचिर्भूत्वा मौञ्जीं बध्नीत मेखलाम् ।
पालाशद्ण्डमादाय ब्रह्मचारिव्रते स्थितः ॥ १४.११२.५ ॥
Wearing white garments and purified, he should tie a girdle of munja grass; taking a staff of palāśa wood, he should remain established in the vow of a celibate student.
14.112.6
कृतोपलासः पूर्वं तु शुक्लप्रतिपदि द्विजः ।
नदीसंगमतीर्थेषु शुचौ देशे गृहेऽपि वा।
गोमयेनोपलिप्रेऽथ स्थण्डिलेऽग्निं निधापयन् ॥ १४.११२.६ ॥
The twice-born, having first fasted, on the first day of the bright fortnight, at river confluences and sacred fords, or in a pure place or a house, should establish the fire on a platform smeared with cow dung.
14.112.7
आघारावाज्यभागौ च प्रणवं व्याहृतीस्तथा ।
वारुणं चैव पञ्चैव हुत्वा सर्वान्यथाक्रमम् ॥ १४.११२.७ ॥
Having offered, in due order, the ghee-pourings and the two clarified-butter portions, the syllable Oṃ, the vyāhṛtis, the Vāruṇa oblation, and then the five libations.
14.112.8
सत्याय विष्णवे चेति ब्रह्मर्षिभ्योऽथ ब्रह्मणे ।
विश्वेभ्यो हि च देवेभ्यः सप्रजापतये तथा ॥ १४.११२.८ ॥
To Satya, to Viṣṇu, to the brahmin-sages, then to Brahmā, to all the gods, and likewise to Prajāpati.
14.112.9
षडुक्त्वा जुहुयात्पश्चात्प्रायश्चित्ताहुतिं द्विजः ।
अतः समापयेदग्निं शान्तिं कृत्वाऽथ पौष्टिकिम् ॥ १४.११२.९ ॥
Having recited six mantras, the twice-born man should then offer the expiatory oblation. Thereafter he should conclude the fire, perform the rite of appeasement, and then the rite of prosperity.
14.112.10
प्रणम्य् चाग्निं सोमं च भस्म दिग्ध्वा यथाविधि ।
नदीं गत्वा विशुद्धात्मा सोमाय वरुणाय च।
आदित्याय नमस्कृत्वा ततः स्नायात्समाहितः ॥ १४.११२.१० ॥
Having bowed to Agni and Soma, and having smeared himself with ash as prescribed, he should go to the river with a purified self; having paid homage to Soma, Varuṇa and the Sun, he should then bathe with a concentrated mind.
14.112.11
उत्तीर्योदकमाचम्य चासीनः पूर्वतोमुखः ।
प्राणायामं ततः कृत्वा पवित्रैरभिषेचनम् ॥ १४.११२.११ ॥
Having come up out of the water and sipped it, seated facing east, having then performed breath-control, he should sprinkle himself with the purifying grass.
14.112.12
आचान्तस्त्वमिवीक्षेत ऊर्ध्वबाहुर्दिवाकरम् ।
कृताञ्जलिपुटः स्थित्वा कुर्याच्चैव प्रदक्षिणम् ॥ १४.११२.१२ ॥
Having sipped water, he should gaze at the sun with arms raised; standing with palms joined in reverence, he should then perform circumambulation.
14.112.13
नारायणं वा रुद्रं वा ब्रह्मणमथवाऽपि च ।
वारुणं मन्त्रमूक्तं वा प्राग्भोजनमथापि वा ॥ १४.११२.१३ ॥
Let him recite the mantra of Nārāyaṇa, Rudra, Brahmā or Varuṇa, or the mantra before the meal.
14.112.14
वीरघ्नमृषभफं वाऽपि तथा चाप्यघमर्षणम् ।
गायत्रीं मम देवीं वा सावित्रीं वा जपेत्ततः।
शतं वाऽष्टशतं वाऽपि सहस्रमथवा परम् ॥ १४.११२.१४ ॥
Let him recite the Vīraghna, the Ṛṣabhaphaṃ and the Aghamarṣaṇa mantras, or my goddess Gāyatrī or Sāvitrī; then a hundred, a hundred and eight, or a thousand times, or even more.
14.112.15
ततो मध्याह्नकाले वै पायसं यावकं हि वा ।
पाचयित्वा प्रयत्नेन प्रयतः सुसमाहितः ॥ १४.११२.१५ ॥
Then, at midday, having carefully cooked milk-rice pudding or barley gruel, let him be self-controlled and well composed in mind.
14.112.16
पात्रं तु सुसमादाय सौवर्णं राजतं तु वा ।
ताम्रं वा मृन्मयं वापि औदुंबरमथापि वा। ॥ १४.११२.१६ ॥
Having taken up a vessel well made — of gold, of silver, of copper, of clay, or of udumbara (fig) wood.
14.112.17
वृक्षाणां याज्ञियानं तु पर्णैरार्द्रैरकुत्सितैः ।
पुटकेन तु गुप्तेनि चरेद्भैक्षं समाहितः ॥ १४.११२.१७ ॥
Let him go out for alms, composed in mind, with a covered cup made of fresh, unblemished leaves of sacrificial trees.
14.112.18
ब्राह्मणानां गृहाणां तु सप्तानां नापरं व्रजेत् ।
गोदोहमात्रं तिष्ठित्तु वाग्यतः संयतेन्द्रियः ॥ १४.११२.१८ ॥
He should not go beyond seven brahmin houses; let him stand for the time it takes to milk a cow, silent in speech and with senses restrained.
14.112.19
न हसेन्न च वीक्षेत नाभिभाषेत वा स्त्रियम् ॥ १४.११२.१९ ॥
He should neither laugh, nor look, nor speak to a woman.
14.112.20
दृष्ट्वा मूत्रं पुरीषं वा चण्डालं वा रजस्वलाम् ।
पतितं च तथा श्वानमादित्यमवलोकयेत् ॥ १४.११२.२० ॥
Having seen urine or excrement, an outcast, a menstruating woman, a fallen man, or a dog, he should look upon the sun.
14.112.21
यो हि पादुकमारुह्य सर्वदा प्रचरेद्द्विजः ।
तं दृष्ट्वा पापकर्माणमादित्यमवलोकयेत् ॥ १४.११२.२१ ॥
If he sees a twice-born man who always walks about wearing sandals, that sinner, he should look upon the sun.
14.112.22
ततस्त्वावसथं प्राप्तो भिक्षां निक्षिप्य भूतले ।
प्रक्षाल्य पादावाजान्वोर्हस्तावाकूर्परं पुनः।
आचम्य वारिणा तेन वह्निं विप्रांश्च पूययेत् ॥ १४.११२.२२ ॥
Then, having reached his dwelling and set down the alms on the ground, having washed his feet up to the knees and his hands up to the elbows, and having sipped water with that water, he should purify the fire and the Brahmins.
14.112.23
पञ्च सप्ताथवा कुर्याद्भागान्भैक्षस्य तस्य वै ।
तेषामन्यतमं पिण्डमादित्याय निवेदयेत् ॥ १४.११२.२३ ॥
He should divide that alms into five or seven portions, and offer one of those balls of food to the sun.
14.112.24
ब्रह्मणे चाग्नये चैव सोमाय वरुणाय च ।
विश्वेभ्यश्चैव देवेभ्यो दद्यादन्नं यथाक्रमम् ॥ १४.११२.२४ ॥
He should give food in due order to Brahmā, to Agni, to Soma, to Varuṇa, and likewise to the All-Gods.
14.112.25
अवशिष्टमथैकं तु वक्त्रमात्रं प्रकल्पयेत् ॥ १४.११२.२५ ॥
And the one remaining portion he should prepare only for the mouth.
14.112.26
अङ्गुल्यग्रे स्थितं पिण्डं गायत्र्या चाभिमन्त्रयेत् ।
अङ्गुलीभिस्त्रिभिः पिण्डं प्राश्नीयात्प्राङ्मुखःक शुचिः। ॥ १४.११२.२६ ॥
He should consecrate the ball of food placed on the fingertip with the Gāyatrī, and, pure, facing east, eat the ball with three fingers.
14.112.27
यथा च वर्धते सोमो ह्रसते च यथा पुनः ।
तथा पिण्डाश्च वर्धन्ते ह्रसन्ते च दिनेदिने ॥ १४.११२.२७ ॥
As the moon waxes and then wanes again, so the food-balls increase and decrease day by day.
14.112.28
त्रिकालं स्नानमस्योक्तं द्विकालमथवा सकृत् ।
ब्रह्मचारी सदा वाऽपि न च वस्त्रं प्रपीडयेत् ॥ १४.११२.२८ ॥
For him bathing is prescribed three times, or twice, or even once; he should always remain a celibate, and should not wring out his garment.
14.112.29
स्थान न दिवसं तिष्ठेद्रात्रौ वीरासनं व्रजेत् ।
भवेत्स्थण्डिलशायी वाऽप्यथा वृक्षमूलिकः ॥ १४.११२.२९ ॥
He should not stand during the day; at night he should take the heroic posture. Let him be one who sleeps on bare ground, or one who dwells at the foot of a tree.
14.112.30
वल्कलं यदि वा क्षौमं शाणं कार्पासकं तथा ।
आच्छादनं भवेत्तस्य वस्त्रार्थं पाण्डुनन्दन ॥ १४.११२.३० ॥
Whether bark-cloth, or silk, or hemp, or cotton cloth, let his covering serve as his garment, O son of Pāṇḍu.
14.112.31
एवं चान्द्रायणे पूर्णे मासस्यान्ते प्रयत्नवान् ।
ब्राह्मणान्भोजयेद्भक्त्या दद्याच्चैव च दक्षिणाम् ॥ १४.११२.३१ ॥
Thus, when the lunar penance is completed, at the end of the month the diligent one should feed the brahmins with devotion and also give them a gift of dakṣiṇā.
14.112.32
चान्द्रायणेन चीर्णेन यत्कृतं तेन दुष्कृतम् ।
तत्सर्वं तत्क्षणादेव भस्मीभवति काष्ठवत् ॥ १४.११२.३२ ॥
Whatever sinful deed was done before, when the lunar penance is performed, all of it turns to ash at that very moment, like wood.
14.112.33
ब्रह्महत्या च गोहत्या सुवर्णस्तैन्यमेव च ।
भ्रूणहत्या सुरापानं गुरोर्दारव्यतिक्रमः ॥ १४.११२.३३ ॥
The killing of a brahmin, the killing of a cow, theft of gold, the killing of an embryo, drinking liquor, and transgression with a teacher's wife—
14.112.34
एवमन्यानि पापानि पातकीयानि यानि च ।
चान्द्रायणेन नश्यन्ति वायुना पांसवो यथा ॥ १४.११२.३४ ॥
In the same way, other sins and whatever grave transgressions there are, are destroyed by the lunar penance, as dust is blown away by the wind.
14.112.35
अनिर्दशाया गोः क्षीरमौष्ठ्रमाविकमेव च ।
मृतसूतकयोश्चान्नं भुक्त्वा चान्द्रायणं चरेत् ॥ १४.११२.३५ ॥
Having eaten the milk of a cow not yet ten days after calving, the milk of a camel, sheep or goat, or food under the impurity of death or birth, one should perform the lunar penance.
14.112.36
उपपातकिनश्चान्नं पतितान्नं तथैव च ।
शूद्रस्योच्छेषणं चैव भुक्त्वा चान्द्रायणं चरेत् ॥ १४.११२.३६ ॥
Having eaten the food of one who commits lesser offences, the food of an outcast, and likewise the leftovers of a shudra, one should perform the lunar penance.
14.112.37
आकाशस्थं तु हस्तस्थमधः स्रस्तं तथैव च ।
परहस्तस्थितं चैव भुक्त्वा चान्द्रायणं चरेत् ॥ १४.११२.३७ ॥
Having eaten food that is left in the sky, held in the hand, fallen down, or likewise held in another's hand, one should perform the lunar penance (cāndrāyaṇa).
14.112.38
अथाग्रेधिषोरन्नं दिधिषूपपतेस्तता ।
परिवेत्तुस्तथा चान्नं परिवित्तान्नमेव च ॥ १४.११२.३८ ॥
Having eaten the food of the agredhi, the food of the didhiṣūpati, the food of the parivettṛ, and likewise the food of the parivitti, one should perform the lunar penance.
14.112.39
कुण्डान्नं गोलकान्नं च देवलान्नं तथैव च ।
तथा पुरोहितस्यान्नं भुक्त्वा चान्द्रायणं चरेत् ॥ १४.११२.३९ ॥
Having eaten the food of a kuṇḍa, the food of a golaka, the food of a devala, and likewise the food of the household priest, one should perform the lunar penance.
14.112.40
सुराऽऽसवं विषं सर्पिर्लाक्षा लवणमेव च ।
तैलं चापि च विक्रीणन्द्विजश्चान्द्रायणं चरेत् ॥ १४.११२.४० ॥
A twice-born man who sells liquor, fermented drink, poison, clarified butter, lac, salt, or oil should perform the lunar penance.
14.112.41
एकोद्दिष्टं तु यो भुङ्क्ते जनमध्यगतोऽपि यः ।
भिन्नभाण्डेषु यो भुङ्क्ते द्विजश्चान्द्रायणं चरेत् ॥ १४.११२.४१ ॥
A twice-born man who eats food offered for a single person (ekoddiṣṭa), who eats while in the midst of people, and who eats from broken vessels should perform the lunar penance.
14.112.42
यो भुङ्क्तेऽनुपनीतेन यो भुङ्क्ते च स्त्रिया सह ।
कन्यया सह यो भुङ्क्ते द्विजश्चान्द्रायणं चरेत् ॥ १४.११२.४२ ॥
A twice-born man who eats with one who has not been initiated (anupanīta), who eats with a woman, and who eats with an unmarried girl should perform the lunar penance.
14.112.43
उच्छिष्टं स्थापयेद्विप्रो यो मोहाद्भोजनान्तरे ।
दद्याद्वा यदि वा मोहाद्विजश्चान्द्रायणं चरेत् ॥ १४.११२.४३ ॥
A brahmin who, out of delusion, leaves leftover food between meals, or out of delusion gives it away, should perform the lunar penance.
14.112.44
तुम्बकोशातकं चैव पलाण्डुं गृञ्जनं तथा ।
छत्राकं लशुनं चैव भुक्त्वा चान्द्रायणं चरेत् ॥ १४.११२.४४ ॥
Having eaten gourd, bitter gourd, onion, gṛñjana, mushroom, or garlic, one should perform the lunar penance.
14.112.45
द्विजः पर्युषितं चान्नं पक्वं परगृहागतम् ।
विपक्वं च तथा मांसं भुक्त्वा चान्द्रायणं चरेत् ॥ १४.११२.४५ ॥
A twice-born man who eats stale food, cooked food that came from another's house, or ill-cooked meat should perform the lunar penance.
14.112.46
उदक्यया शुना वाऽपि चण्डालैर्वा द्विजोत्तमः ।
दृष्टमन्नं तु भुञ्जानो द्विजश्चान्द्रायणं चरेत् ॥ १४.११२.४६ ॥
If a best of the twice-born eats food that has been seen by a menstruating woman, a dog, or outcastes, he should perform the lunar penance.
14.112.47
तत्पुरा विशुद्ध्यर्थमृषिभिश्चरितं व्रतम् ।
पावनं सर्वभूतानां पुण्यं पाण्डवचोदितम् ॥ १४.११२.४७ ॥
That vow, practised in former times by the sages for the sake of purification, purifies all beings and is meritorious; it was enjoined by the Pāṇḍava.
14.112.48
एतेन वसवो रुद्राश्चादित्याश्च दिवं गताः ।
एतदद्य परं गुह्यं पवित्रं पापनाशनम् ॥ १४.११२.४८ ॥
By this the Vasus, the Rudras and the Ādityas went to heaven; this is now the supreme secret, pure and destroyer of sin.
14.112.49
यथोक्तमेतद्यः कुर्याद्द्विजः पापप्रणाशनम् ।
स दिवं याति पूतात्मा निर्मलादित्यसंनिभः ॥ १४.११२.४९ ॥
A twice-born man who performs this sin-destroying rite exactly as described goes to heaven, his soul purified, shining like the spotless sun.