Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 14.116
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14.116.1
कीदृशा ब्राह्मणाः पुण्या भावशुद्धाः सुरेश्वर ।
यत्कर्म सफलं नेति कथयस्य ममानघ ॥ १४.११६.१ ॥
Lord of the gods, what kind of brahmins are meritorious and pure in disposition? Tell me, sinless one, whose actions are not fruitful.
14.116.2
शृणु पाण्डव तत्सर्वं ब्राह्मणानां यथाक्रमम् ।
सफलं निष्फलं चैव तेषां कर्म ब्रवीमि ते ॥ १४.११६.२ ॥
Listen, son of Pāṇḍu: I shall tell you in due order all the actions of brahmins, both those that bear fruit and those that do not.
14.116.3
त्रिदण्डधारणं मौनं जटाधारणमुण्डनम् ।
वल्कलाजिनसंवासो व्रतचर्याऽभिषेचनम् ॥ १४.११६.३ ॥
Carrying the triple staff, silence, wearing matted locks, shaving the head, dwelling in bark garments and deerskin, observing vows, and ritual anointing bathing.
14.116.4
अग्निहोत्रं गृहे वासः स्वाध्यायं दारसत्क्रिया ।
सर्वाण्येतानि वै मिथ्या यदि भावो न निर्मलः ॥ १४.११६.४ ॥
The fire offering, living as a householder, recitation of the Veda, honoring one's wife: all of these are in vain if the inner disposition is not pure.
14.116.5
अग्निहोत्रं वृथा राजन्वृथा वेदास्तथैव च ।
शीलेन देवास्तुष्यन्ति श्रुतयस्तत्र कारणम् ॥ १४.११६.५ ॥
King, the fire offering is in vain, and the Vedas likewise. By good conduct the gods are pleased; the sacred texts are merely the cause of that.
14.116.6
क्षान्तः दान्तं जितक्रोधं जितात्मानं जितेन्द्रियम् ।
तमग्र्यं ब्राह्मणं मन्ये शेषाः शूद्रा इति स्मृताः ॥ १४.११६.६ ॥
The one who is patient, self-restrained, who has conquered anger, self and senses: that foremost one I consider a brahmin; the rest are called śūdras.
14.116.7
अग्निहोत्रव्रतपरान्स्वाध्यायनिरताञ्शुचीन् ।
उपवासरतान्दान्तांस्तादेवा ब्राह्मणान्विदुः ॥ १४.११६.७ ॥
The gods know as brahmins those who are devoted to the agnihotra vow, intent on sacred study, pure, delighting in fasting, and self-controlled.
14.116.8
न जात्या पुजीतो राजन्गुणाः कल्याणकारणाः ।
चण्डालमपि वृत्तस्थं तं देवा ब्राह्मणं विदुः ॥ १४.११६.८ ॥
O king, one is honored not by birth but by the qualities that cause welfare. The gods know as a brahmin even an outcast who abides in right conduct.
14.116.9
मनश्शौचं कर्मशौचं कुलशौचं च भारत ।
शरीरशौचं वाक्छौचं शौचं पञ्चविधं स्मृतम् ॥ १४.११६.९ ॥
O Bhārata, purity of mind, purity of action, purity of lineage, purity of body, and purity of speech: purity is declared to be of five kinds.
14.116.10
पञ्चस्वेतेषु शौचेषु हृदिं शौचं विशिष्यते ।
हृदयस्य च शौचेन स्वर्गं गच्छन्ति मानवाः ॥ १४.११६.१० ॥
Among these five purities, purity of the heart is pre-eminent; by purity of the heart human beings go to heaven.
14.116.11
अग्निहोत्रपरिभ्रष्टः प्रसक्तः क्रयविक्रयैः ।
वर्णसङ्करकर्ता च ब्राह्मणो वृषलैः समः ॥ १४.११६.११ ॥
A brahmin who has fallen from the agnihotra, is attached to buying and selling, and causes the mixing of classes, is equal to the śūdras.
14.116.12
यस्य वेदश्रुतिर्नष्टा कर्षकश्चापि यो द्विजः ।
विकर्मसेवी कौन्तेय स वै वृषल उच्यते ॥ १४.११६.१२ ॥
O son of Kuntī, the twice-born whose hearing of the Veda is lost, who is a farmer, and who practices forbidden deeds—he indeed is called a vṛṣala.
14.116.13
वृषो हि धर्मो विज्ञेयस्तस्य यः कुरुते लयम् ।
वृषलं तं विदुर्देवा निकृष्टं श्वपचादपि ॥ १४.११६.१३ ॥
The bull should be known as dharma; the one who destroys it, the gods call a vṛṣala, lower even than a dog-cooker.
14.116.14
स्तुतिभिर्ब्रह्मगीताभिर्यः शूद्रं स्तौति मानवः ।
न तु मां स्तौति पापात्मा स तु चण्डालतः समः ॥ १४.११६.१४ ॥
The man who praises a shudra with hymns like the Brahma-songs, but does not praise me — that sinful-minded one is equal to an outcaste.
14.116.15
श्वदृतौ तु यथा क्षीरं ब्रह्म वै वृषले तथा ।
दुष्टतामेति तत्सर्वं शुना लीढं हविर्यथा ॥ १४.११६.१५ ॥
As milk kept in a dog's skin-bag is spoiled, so the Veda in a vṛṣala is corrupted; as an oblation licked by a dog becomes wholly defiled.
14.116.16
अङ्गानि वेदाश्चत्वारो मीमांसान्यायविस्तरः ।
धर्मशास्त्रं पुराणं च विद्या ह्येताश्चतुर्दश ॥ १४.११६.१६ ॥
The four Vedas, their subsidiary limbs, Mīmāṃsā, the expanse of Nyāya, the Dharmaśāstra and the Purāṇas — these are the fourteen branches of learning.
14.116.17
यान्युक्तानि मया सम्यग्विद्यास्थानानि भारत ।
उत्पन्नानि पवित्राणि भुवनार्थं तथैव च ॥ १४.११६.१७ ॥
The seats of knowledge that I have fully declared, O Bhārata, are pure, and they arose for the welfare of the world.
14.116.18
तस्मात्तानि न शूद्रस्य स्प्रष्टव्यानि युधिष्ठिर ।
सर्वं त्रीण्यपवित्राणि पञ्चामेध्यानि भारत। ॥ १४.११६.१८ ॥
Therefore, O Yudhiṣṭhira, these are not to be touched by a shudra. O Bhārata, all are three impure things, and five are unclean.
14.116.19
श्वा च शूद्रः श्वपाकश्च अपवित्राणि पाण्डव ।
गायकः कुक्कुटो यूपो ह्युदक्या वृषलीपतिः। ॥ १४.११६.१९ ॥
The dog, the śūdra, the śvapāka, the singer, the cock, the sacrificial post, the menstruating woman, and the husband of a low-caste woman — these are impure, O Pāṇḍava.
14.116.20
पञ्चैते स्युरमेध्याश्च स्प्रष्टव्या न कदातन ।
स्पृष्ट्वैतानष्ट वै विप्रः सचेलो जलमाविशेत् ॥ १४.११६.२० ॥
These five are unclean and must never be touched. A brahmin who has touched these eight should enter the water with his clothes on.
14.116.21
मद्भक्ताञ्शूद्रसामान्यादवमन्यन्ति ये नराः ।
नरकेष्वेव तिष्ठन्ति वर्षकोटिं नराधमाः ॥ १४.११६.२१ ॥
Men who look down on my devotees because they belong to the śūdra class, the lowest of men, remain in hells for ten million years.
14.116.22
चण्डालमपि मद्भक्तं नावमन्येत बुद्धिमान् ।
अवमानात्पतन्त्येव नरके रौरवे नराः ॥ १४.११६.२२ ॥
A wise man should not disrespect even an outcaste who is my devotee; by disrespect, men fall into the Raurava hell.
14.116.23
मम भक्तस्य भक्तेषु प्रीतिरभ्यधिका मम ।
तस्मान्मद्भक्तभक्ताश्च पूजनीया विशेषतः ॥ १४.११६.२३ ॥
My affection for the devotees of my devotee is greater still; therefore the devotees of my devotees are to be worshipped especially.
14.116.24
कीटपक्षिमृगाणां च मयि संन्यस्तचेतसाम् ।
ऊर्ध्वामेव गतिं विद्धि किं पुनर्ज्ञानिनां नृणाम् ॥ १४.११६.२४ ॥
Know that even insects, birds and beasts whose minds are fixed on me attain the higher path; how much more so wise men.
14.116.25
पत्रं वाऽप्यथवा पुष्पंक फलं वाऽप्यप एव वा ।
ददाति मम शूद्रो यच्छिरसा धारयामि तत् ॥ १४.११६.२५ ॥
If a śūdra offers me a leaf, or a flower, or a fruit, or even water, I bear that upon my head.
14.116.26
विप्रानेवार्चयेद्भक्त्या शूद्रप्रायांश्च मत्प्रियान् ।
तेषां तेनैव रूपेण पूजां गृह्णामि भारत ॥ १४.११६.२६ ॥
One should worship brahmins with devotion, and also those dear to me who are almost śūdras. O Bhārata, in that very form of theirs I accept their worship.
14.116.27
वेदोत्तेनैव मार्गेण सर्वभूतहृदि स्थितम् ।
मामर्चयन्ति ये पिप्रा मत्सायुज्यं व्रजन्ति ते ॥ १४.११६.२७ ॥
Those who worship me, who dwell in the heart of all beings, by the path taught in the Veda, attain union with me.
14.116.28
मद्भक्तानां हितायैव प्रादुर्भावः कृतो मया ।
प्रदुर्भावकृता काचिदर्चनीया युधिष्ठिर ॥ १४.११६.२८ ॥
Indeed, for the welfare of my devotees I have manifested myself; O Yudhiṣṭhira, one particular form of that manifestation is to be worshipped.
14.116.29
आसामन्यतमां मूर्तिं यो मद्भक्त्या समर्चति ।
तेनैव परितुष्टोऽहं भविष्यामि न संशयः ॥ १४.११६.२९ ॥
Whoever worships with devotion to me any one of these forms, with that very form I shall be fully pleased; there is no doubt.
14.116.30
मृदा च मणिरत्नैश्च ताम्रेण रजतेन च ।
कृत्वा प्रतिकृतिं कुर्यादर्चनां काञ्चनेन वा।
पुण्यं दशगुणं विद्यादेतेषामुत्तरोत्तरम् ॥ १४.११६.३० ॥
Having made an image of clay, of gems and jewels, of copper or of silver, one should worship; or with gold. Among these, the merit is to be understood as ten times greater at each successive step.
14.116.31
जपकामो भवेद्राजा विद्याकामो द्विजोत्तमः ।
वैश्यो वा धनकामस्तु शूद्रः सुखफलप्रियः।
सर्वकामाः स्त्रियो वाऽपि सर्वान्कामानवाप्नुयुः ॥ १४.११६.३१ ॥
Let one who desires recitation become a king; let the foremost twice-born who desires knowledge become a learned brahmin; let the merchant who desires wealth obtain it; let the servant who loves the fruit of happiness obtain it. Let women too obtain all their desires.