Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 14.32
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14.32.1
त्रयो वै रिपवो लोके नवधा गुणतः स्मृताः ।
हर्षः स्तंभोतिमानश्च त्रयस्ते सात्विका गुणाः ॥ १४.३२.१ ॥
In the world there are three enemies, declared in nine kinds according to the qualities. Joy, rigidity and excessive pride — these three are the sāttvika qualities.
14.32.2
शोकः क्रोधाभिसंरम्भो राजसास्ते गुणाः स्मृताः ।
स्वप्नस्तन्द्रा च मोहश्च त्रयस्ते तामसा गुणाः ॥ १४.३२.२ ॥
Grief and the fierce agitation of anger are declared to be the rājasika qualities. Sleep, drowsiness and delusion — these three are the tāmasika qualities.
14.32.3
एतान्निकृत्य धृतिमान्बाणसङ्घैरतन्द्रितः ।
जेतुं परानुत्सहते प्रशान्तात्मा जितेन्द्रियः ॥ १४.३२.३ ॥
Having cut these down with volleys of arrows, the steadfast, unwearied man of tranquil mind who has conquered his senses is able to conquer others.
14.32.4
अत्र गाथाः कीर्तयन्ति पुराकल्पविदो जनाः ।
अम्बरीषेण या गीता राज्ञा राज्यं प्रशासता ॥ १४.३२.४ ॥
Here those who know the ancient traditions recite the verses that King Ambarīṣa sang while ruling the kingdom.
14.32.5
समुदीर्णेषु दोषेषु बाध्यमानेषु साधुषु ।
जग्राह तरसा राज्यमम्बरीष इति श्रुतिः ॥ १४.३२.५ ॥
When faults had fully arisen and the good were being oppressed, Ambarīṣa forcibly took hold of the kingdom, so the tradition has it.
14.32.6
स निगृह्यात्मनो दोषान्साधून्समभिपूज्य च ।
जगाम महतीं सिद्धिं गाथाश्चेमा जगाद ह ॥ १४.३२.६ ॥
Having restrained his own faults and duly honored the good, he attained great perfection; and he spoke these verses.
14.32.7
भूयिष्ठं विजिता दोषा निहताः सर्वशत्रवः ।
एको दोषो वरिष्ठश्च वध्यः स न हतो मया ॥ १४.३२.७ ॥
Most faults have been conquered and all enemies slain; yet the one fault that is foremost, and fit to be slain, has not been slain by me.
14.32.8
यत्प्रयुक्तो जन्तुरयं वैतृष्ण्यं नाधिगच्छति ।
तृष्णार्त इव निम्नानि धावमानो न बुध्यते ॥ १४.३२.८ ॥
Impelled by which, this creature does not attain freedom from craving; like one afflicted by thirst running toward low places, it does not perceive it.
14.32.9
अकार्यमपि येनेह प्रयुक्तः सेवते नरः ।
तं लोभमसिभिस्तीक्ष्णैर्निकृत्य सुखमेधते ॥ १४.३२.९ ॥
That greed which impels a man here to practise even what is not to be done, having cut it down with sharp swords, he thrives in happiness.
14.32.10
लोभाद्धि जायते तृष्णा ततश्चिन्ता प्रवर्तते ।
स लिप्समानो लभते भूयिष्ठं राजसान्गुणान्।
तदवाप्तौ तु लभते भूयिष्ठं तामसान्गुणान् ॥ १४.३२.१० ॥
From greed indeed craving arises, and then anxiety sets in. The one who desires to obtain chiefly gains the qualities of passion, and on obtaining that he chiefly gains the qualities of darkness.
14.32.11
स तैर्गुणैः संहतदेहबन्धनः ।
पुनःपनर्जायति कर्म चेहते।
जन्मक्षये भिन्नविकीर्मदेहो ।
मृत्युं पुनर्गच्छति जन्मनैव ॥ १४.३२.११ ॥
Bound in the body by those qualities, he is born again and again and performs action. When the birth is spent and the body broken and scattered, he again meets death; by birth itself he goes toward death.
14.32.12
तस्मादेतं सम्यगवेक्ष्य लोभं ।
निगृह्य धृत्याऽऽत्मनि राज्यमिच्छेत्।
एतद्राज्यं नान्यदस्तीह राज्य-
मात्मैव राजा विदितो यथावत् ॥ १४.३२.१२ ॥
Therefore, having fully examined this greed and restrained it with steadfastness, one should desire kingship within oneself. There is no other kingdom here than this one; the self alone, rightly known, is the king.
14.32.13
इति राज्ञाऽम्बरीषेण गाथा गीता यशस्विना ।
आधिराज्य पुरस्कृत्य लोभमेकं निकृन्तता ॥ १४.३२.१३ ॥
Thus was this verse sung by the famous king Ambarīṣa, who, placing sovereignty before him, cut away a single greed.