Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 14.44
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14.44.1
यदादिमध्यपर्यन्तं ग्रहणोपायमेव च ।
नामलक्षणसंयुक्तं सर्वं वक्ष्यामि तत्त्वतः ॥ १४.४४.१ ॥
I shall truly declare all that has beginning, middle and end, the means of apprehending it, and that which is endowed with name and characteristic.
14.44.2
अहः पूर्वं ततो रात्रिर्मासाः शुक्लादयः स्मृताः ।
श्रवणादीनि ऋक्षाणि ऋतवः शिशिरादयः ॥ १४.४४.२ ॥
First the day, then the night; the months beginning with the bright fortnight are declared; the lunar mansions beginning with Śravaṇa, and the seasons beginning with the cool season.
14.44.3
भूमिरादिस्तु गन्धानां रसानामाप एव च ।
रूपाणामादिरग्निस्तु स्पर्शादिर्वायुरुच्यते ॥ १४.४४.३ ॥
Earth is the origin of smells, and water indeed of tastes; fire is the origin of forms, and air, whose first quality is touch, is declared.
14.44.4
शब्दस्यादिस्तथाऽऽकाशमेष भूतकृतो गुणः ।
अतः परं प्रवक्ष्यामि भूतानामादिमुत्तमम् ॥ १४.४४.४ ॥
Likewise the origin of sound is space; this is the quality produced by the elements. After this I shall declare the supreme origin of beings.
14.44.5
आदित्यो ज्योतिषामादिरग्निर्भूतादिरुच्यते ।
सावित्री सर्वविद्यानां देवतानां प्रजापतिः ॥ १४.४४.५ ॥
The sun is the origin of lights, and fire is said to be the origin of beings; Sāvitrī is the origin of all knowledge, and Prajāpati the origin of the gods.
14.44.6
ओङ्कारः सर्ववेदानां वचसां प्राण एव च ।
यदस्मिन्नियतं लोके सर्वं सावित्रमुच्यते ॥ १४.४४.६ ॥
Oṃ is the breath of all the Vedas and of speech; whatever is fixed in this world is said to belong to Sāvitrī.
14.44.7
गायत्री च्छन्दसामादिः प्रजानां सर्ग उच्यते ।
गावश्चतुष्पदामादिर्मनुष्याणां द्विजातयः ॥ १४.४४.७ ॥
Among metres the gāyatrī is the first; among creatures, creation is said to be the first. Among quadrupeds the cows are first; among humans, the twice-born.
14.44.8
श्येनः पतत्रिणामादिर्यज्ञानां हुतमुत्तमम् ।
प्रसर्पिणां तु सर्वेषां ज्येष्ठः सर्पो द्विजोत्तमाः ॥ १४.४४.८ ॥
Among winged birds the hawk is first; among sacrifices the best oblation is first. Among all creeping things the eldest is the serpent, O best of the twice-born.
14.44.9
कृतमादिर्युगानां च सर्वेषां नात्र संशयः ।
हिरण्यं सर्वरत्नानामोषधीनां यवास्तथा ॥ १४.४४.९ ॥
Among the ages the Kṛta age is first, without doubt. Among all jewels gold is first, and among herbs barley likewise.
14.44.10
सर्वेषां भक्ष्यभोज्यानामन्नं परममुच्यते ।
द्रवाणां चैव सर्वेषां पेयानामाप उत्तमाः ॥ १४.४४.१० ॥
Among all edibles and foods, grain is said to be supreme; and among all liquids and drinks, water is the best.
14.44.11
स्थावराणां तु भूतानां सर्वेषामविशेषतः ।
ब्रह्मक्षेत्रं सदा पुण्यं प्लक्षः प्रवरजः स्मृतः ॥ १४.४४.११ ॥
Among immovable beings, without distinction among them all, the field of Brahman is always sacred; the plakṣa tree is remembered as the best-born.
14.44.12
अहं प्रजापतीनां च सर्वेषां नात्र संशयः ।
मम विष्णुरचिन्त्यात्मा स्वयंभूरिति संस्मृतः ॥ १४.४४.१२ ॥
Among all the lords of creatures I am the first; there is no doubt of this. My inconceivable-self, Viṣṇu, is remembered as self-existent.
14.44.13
पर्वतानां महामेरुः सर्वेषामग्रजः स्मृतः ।
दिशां च प्रदिशां चोर्ध्वं दिक्पूर्वा प्रथमा तथा ॥ १४.४४.१३ ॥
Among mountains, the great Meru is remembered as the first-born of all. Among the directions, intermediate directions and the zenith, the east is the first.
14.44.14
तथा त्रिपथगा गङ्गा नदीनामग्रजा स्मृता ।
तथा सरोदपाननां सर्वेषां सागरोऽग्रजः ॥ १४.४४.१४ ॥
Likewise, the Ganges, flowing along three paths, is remembered as the first-born among rivers. And among lakes and wells, the ocean is the first-born of all.
14.44.15
देवदानवभूतानां पिशाचोरगरक्षसाम् ।
नरकिन्नरयक्षाणां सर्वेषामीश्वरः प्रभुः ॥ १४.४४.१५ ॥
Of gods, dānavas, bhūtas, piśācas, uragas, rākṣasas, men, kinnaras and yakṣas — of all of them he is the lord and master.
14.44.16
आदिर्विश्वस्य जगतो विष्णुर्ब्रह्ममयो महान् ।
ततः परतरं यस्मात्त्रैलोक्ये नेह विद्यते ॥ १४.४४.१६ ॥
Viṣṇu is the origin of the universe and the world, made of Brahman and great. Nothing higher than him is found in the three worlds.
14.44.17
आश्रमाणां च सर्वेषां गार्हस्थ्यं नात्र संशयः ।
लोकानामादिरव्यक्तं सर्वस्यान्तस्तदेव च ॥ १४.४४.१७ ॥
Among all the stages of life, the householder stage is the highest, without doubt. The origin of the worlds is the unmanifest, and that same unmanifest is the end of all.
14.44.18
अहान्यस्तमयान्तानि उदयान्ता च शर्वरी ।
सुखस्यान्तं सदा दुःखं दुःखस्यान्तं सदा सुखम ॥ १४.४४.१८ ॥
Days end at sunset, and nights end at sunrise. The end of happiness is always sorrow, and the end of sorrow is always happiness.
14.44.19
सर्वे क्षयान्ता निचयाः पतनान्ताः समुच्छ्रयाः ।
संयोगाश्च वियोगान्ता मरणान्तं च जीवितम् ॥ १४.४४.१९ ॥
All accumulations end in decay, all elevations end in fall; unions end in separation, and life ends in death.
14.44.20
सर्वं कृतं विनाशान्तं जातस्य मरणं ध्रुवम् ।
अशाश्वतं हि लोकेऽस्मिन्सदा स्थावरजङ्गमम् ॥ १४.४४.२० ॥
Everything made ends in destruction; for one who is born, death is certain. In this world, the immobile and the mobile are always impermanent.
14.44.21
इष्टं दत्तं तपोऽधीतं व्रतानि नियमाश्च ये ।
सर्वमेतद्विनाशान्तं ज्ञानस्यान्तो न विद्यते ॥ १४.४४.२१ ॥
Sacrifice, gift, austerity, study, vows, and the observances — all of these end in destruction; knowledge has no end.
14.44.22
तस्माज्ज्ञानेन शुद्धेन प्रशान्तात्मा जितेन्द्रियः ।
निर्ममो निरहंकारो मुच्यते सर्वपाप्मभिः ॥ १४.४४.२२ ॥
Therefore, through pure knowledge, with a tranquil self and senses conquered, free from 'mine' and free from ego, one is released from all sins.