Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 14.46
हिन्दी · தமிழ் · తెలుగు · ಕನ್ನಡ · മലയാളം · বাংলা · मराठी · ગુજરાતી · ਪੰਜਾਬੀ · ଓଡ଼ିଆ · اردو · English · Español · Français · Deutsch · Português · Русский · 中文 · 日本語 · العربية · Bahasa Indonesia · ไทย
14.46.1
एवमेतेन मार्गेण पूर्वोक्तेन यथाविधि ।
अधीतवान्यथाशक्ति तथैव ब्रह्मचर्यवान् ॥ १४.४६.१ ॥
Thus, by this path described earlier, having studied according to rule and to one's capacity, and likewise keeping the vow of celibacy.
14.46.2
स्वधर्मनिरतो विद्वान्सर्वेन्द्रिययतो मुनिः ।
गुरोः प्रियहिते युक्तः सत्यधर्मपरः शुचिः ॥ १४.४६.२ ॥
A learned sage, intent on his own duty, with all senses restrained, devoted to what is dear and beneficial to his teacher, intent on truth and dharma, pure.
14.46.3
गुरुणा समनुज्ञातो भुञ्जीतान्नमकुत्सयन् ।
हविष्यभैक्ष्यभुक् चापि स्थानासनविहारवान् ॥ १४.४६.३ ॥
Having been permitted by his teacher, he should eat food without disparaging it; he should eat clarified-butter fare or alms-food, and be restrained in standing, sitting and moving about.
14.46.4
द्विकालमग्निं जुह्वानः शुचिर्भूत्वा समाहितः ।
धारयीत सदा दण्डं बैल्वं पालाशमेव वा ॥ १४.४६.४ ॥
Offering into the fire twice a day, becoming pure and concentrated, he should always carry a staff made of bilva or palāśa wood.
14.46.5
क्षौमं कार्पासिकं वाऽपि मृगाजिनमथापि वा ।
सर्वं काषायरक्तं वा वासो वाऽपि द्विजस्य ह ॥ १४.४६.५ ॥
The garment of a twice-born man should be of silk or cotton, or of deerskin, or entirely dyed ochre-red.
14.46.6
मेखला च भवेन्मौञ्जी जटो नित्योदकस्तथा ।
यज्ञोपवीती स्वाध्यायी अलुप्तनियतव्रतः ॥ १४.४६.६ ॥
His girdle should be of munja grass; he should wear matted hair and bathe in water daily; wearing the sacred thread, devoted to self-study, he should keep his prescribed vows unbroken.
14.46.7
पूताभिश्च तथैवाद्भिः सदा दैवततर्पणम् ।
भावेन नियतः कुर्वन्ब्रह्मचारी प्रशस्यते ॥ १४.४६.७ ॥
Who always makes offerings to the gods with purified water in the same way, and, self-controlled in devotion, performs his duties, the celibate student is praised.
14.46.8
एवं युक्तो जयेत्स्वर्गमूर्ध्वरेताः समाहितः ।
न संसरति जातीषु परमं स्थानमाश्रितः ॥ १४.४६.८ ॥
Thus engaged, with upward-directed seed and concentrated mind, he conquers heaven; having resorted to the supreme state, he does not wander among births.
14.46.9
संस्कृतः सर्वसंस्कारैस्तथैव ब्रह्मचर्यवान् ।
ग्रामान्निष्क्रम्य चारण्ये मुनिः प्रव्रजितो वसेत् ॥ १४.४६.९ ॥
Consecrated by all the rites, likewise possessing celibacy, having left the village, he should dwell in the forest as a sage gone forth as an ascetic.
14.46.10
चर्मवल्कलसंवासी सायं प्रातरुपस्पृशेत् ।
अरण्यगोचरो नित्यं न ग्रामं प्रविशेत्पुनः ॥ १४.४६.१० ॥
Dwelling in garments of hide and bark, he should sip water at evening and at morning; living on what the forest yields, he should never again enter a village.
14.46.11
अर्चयन्नतिथीन्काले दद्याच्चापि प्रतिश्रयम् ।
फलपत्रावरैर्मूलैः श्यामाकेन च वर्तयन् ॥ १४.४६.११ ॥
Honouring guests at the proper time, he should also give them shelter, sustaining himself on fruit, leaves, roots, and millet.
14.46.12
स नित्यमुदकं वायुं सर्वं वानेयमाश्रयेत् ।
प्राश्नीयादानुपूर्व्येण यथादीक्षमतन्द्रितः ॥ १४.४६.१२ ॥
He should always rely on water, air, and all that grows in the forest, and eat in due order, according to his vow, without sloth.
14.46.13
समूलफलशाकाद्यैरर्चेदतिथिमागतम् ।
यद्भक्षः स्यात्ततो दद्याद्भिक्षां नित्यमतन्द्रितः ॥ १४.४६.१३ ॥
He should honour a guest who comes with roots, fruits, vegetables and the like, and always, unwearied, give alms from whatever food he himself eats.
14.46.14
देवतातिथिपूर्वं च सदा प्राश्नीत वाग्यतः ।
अस्कन्दितमनाश्चैव लघ्वाशी देवताश्रयः ॥ १४.४६.१४ ॥
Having first offered to the gods and the guest, he should always eat with speech restrained, his mind unwavering, eating little, and resorting to the gods.
14.46.15
दान्तो मैत्रः क्षमायुक्तः कशाञ्शमश्रु च धारयन् ।
जुह्वन्स्वाध्यायशीलश्च सत्यधर्मपरायणः ॥ १४.४६.१५ ॥
He should be self-controlled, friendly, patient, bearing matted locks and a beard, offering oblations, devoted to Vedic study, and intent on truth and dharma.
14.46.16
न्यस्तदेहः सदा दक्षो वननित्यः समाहितः ।
एवं युक्तो जयेत्स्वर्गं वानप्रस्थो जितेन्द्रियः ॥ १४.४६.१६ ॥
Having cast off attachment to the body, always skilful, constant in the forest, composed, thus disciplined, the forest-dweller who has conquered his senses wins heaven.
14.46.17
गृहस्थो ब्रह्मचारी च वानप्रस्थोऽथवा पुनः ।
य इच्छेन्मोक्षमास्थातुमुत्तमां वृत्तिमाश्रयेत् ॥ १४.४६.१७ ॥
Whether he is a householder, a celibate student, or again a forest-dweller, whoever desires to attain liberation should take up the highest way of life.
14.46.18
अभयं सर्वभूतेभ्यो दत्त्वा नैष्कर्म्यमाचरेत् ।
सर्वभूतहितो मैत्रः सर्वेन्द्रिययतो मुनिः ॥ १४.४६.१८ ॥
Having given fearlessness to all beings, he should practise freedom from action: a sage, benefactor of all beings, friendly, restraining all the senses.
14.46.19
अयाचितमसंक्लृप्तमुपपन्नं यदृच्छया ।
कृत्वा प्राह्णे चरेद्भैक्ष्यं विधूमे भुक्तवज्जने ॥ १४.४६.१९ ॥
Unasked, not arranged in advance, come by chance, having taken that, one should go for alms in the forenoon, when the smoke has cleared and people have eaten.
14.46.20
वृत्ते शरावसम्पाते भैक्ष्यं लिप्सेत मोक्षवित् ।
लाभेन च न हृष्येत नालाभे विमना भवेत्।
न चातिभिक्षां भिक्षेत केवलं प्राणयात्रिकः ॥ १४.४६.२० ॥
When the time comes and the clatter of alms-bowls begins, one who knows liberation should seek alms. He should not rejoice at gain, nor be downcast at no gain. One who lives merely to sustain life should not beg excessively.
14.46.21
यात्रार्थी कालमाकाङ्क्षंश्चरेद्भैक्ष्यं समाहितः ।
लाभं साधारणं नेच्छेन्न भुञ्जीताभिपूजितः ॥ १४.४६.२१ ॥
One who seeks only the journey of life should go for alms, awaiting the right time, with a composed mind. He should not desire common gain, and though honoured, he should not eat.
14.46.22
अभिपूजितलाभाद्वि विजुगुप्सेत भिक्षुकः ।
भुक्तान्यन्नानि तिक्तानि कषायकटुकानि च ॥ १४.४६.२२ ॥
Indeed, a mendicant should be disgusted by gain obtained with honour. Foods that are eaten turn bitter, astringent and pungent.
14.46.23
नास्वादयीत भुञ्जानो रसांश्च मधुरांस्तथा ।
यात्रामात्रं च भुञ्जीत केवलं प्राणधारणम् ॥ १४.४६.२३ ॥
While eating, one should not relish sweet flavours. One should eat only enough for the journey of life, merely to sustain the breath.
14.46.24
असंरोधेन भूतानां वृत्तिं लिप्सेत मोक्षवित् ।
न चान्यमन्नं लिप्सेत भिक्षमाणः कथञ्चन ॥ १४.४६.२४ ॥
One who knows liberation should seek a livelihood without obstructing beings. While begging, he should not seek any other food in any way.
14.46.25
न सन्निकाशयेद्धर्मं विविक्ते चारजाश्चरेत् ।
शून्यागारमण्यं वा वृक्षमूलं नदीं तथा ॥ १४.४६.२५ ॥
He should not display his dharma; in seclusion he should wander. He should dwell in an empty house, a hermitage, at the root of a tree, or likewise by a river.
14.46.26
प्रतिश्रयार्थं सेवेत पार्वतीं वा पुनर्गुहाम् ।
ग्रामैकरात्रिको ग्रीष्मे वर्षास्वेकत्र वा वसेत् ॥ १४.४६.२६ ॥
For shelter he should resort to a mountain or a cave; staying one night in a village, in summer he should wander, and in the rainy seasons he should dwell in one place.
14.46.27
अध्वा सूर्येणि निर्दिष्टः कीटवच्च चरेन्महीम् ।
दयार्तं चैव भूतानां समीक्ष्य पृथिवीं चरेत् ॥ १४.४६.२७ ॥
Along a path marked out by the sun, he should roam the earth like an insect; afflicted with compassion for beings, having looked carefully upon the earth, he should walk.
14.46.28
सञ्चयांश्च न कुर्वीत स्नेहवासं च वर्जयेत् ।
पूताभिरद्भिर्नित्यं वै कार्यं कुर्वीत मोक्षवित् ॥ १४.४६.२८ ॥
He should not make hoards, and should avoid dwelling in affectionate attachment; the knower of liberation should always perform his duties with pure waters.
14.46.29
उपस्पृशेदुद्दृताभिरद्भिश्च पुरुषः सदा ।
अहिंसा ब्रह्मचर्यं च सत्यमार्जवमेव च ॥ १४.४६.२९ ॥
A man should always sip purifying water, strained; and also observe non-injury, celibacy, truthfulness and uprightness.
14.46.30
अक्रोधश्चानसूया च दमो नित्यमपैशुनम् ।
अष्टस्वेतेषु युक्तः स्याद्व्रतेषु नियतेन्द्रियः ॥ १४.४६.३० ॥
Free from anger, free from envy, self-restrained, and always free from slander, he should be devoted to these eight vows, with his senses held in check.
14.46.31
अपापमशठं वृत्तमजिह्मं नित्यमाचरेत् ।
जोषयेत सदा भोज्यं ग्रासमागतमस्पृहः ॥ १४.४६.३१ ॥
Let him always conduct himself without sin, without deceit, and straightforwardly; and let him always accept, without craving, the morsel of food that comes to him.
14.46.32
यात्रामात्रं च भुञ्जीत केवलं प्राणयात्रिकम् ।
धर्मलब्धमथाश्नीयान्न काममनुवर्तयेत् ॥ १४.४६.३२ ॥
He should eat only what is needed to carry on the journey of life, eat what is obtained by dharma, and not follow desire.
14.46.33
ग्रासादाच्छादनादन्यन्न गृह्णीयात्कथञ्चन ।
यावदाहारयेत्तावत्प्रतिगृह्णीत नाधिकम् ॥ १४.४६.३३ ॥
He should never accept anything at all beyond a morsel of food and clothing; he should accept only as much as he eats, and no more.
14.46.34
परेभ्यो न प्रतिग्राह्यं न च देयं कदाचन ।
दैन्यभावाच्च भूतानां संविभज्य सदा बुधः ॥ १४.४६.३४ ॥
One should never accept anything from others, nor ever give anything; but out of regard for the wretched state of beings, the wise man should always share before he eats.
14.46.35
नाददीत परस्वानि न गृह्णीयान्न याचयेत् ।
न किञ्चिद्विषयं भुक्त्वा स्पृहयेत्तस्य वै पुनः ॥ १४.४६.३५ ॥
He should not take another's property, nor accept it, nor beg for it; and having enjoyed any sense-object, he should not crave it again.
14.46.36
मृदमापस्तथाऽन्नानि पत्रपुष्पफलानि च ।
असंवृतानि गृह्णीयात्प्रवृत्तानि च कार्यवान् ॥ १४.४६.३६ ॥
Earth, water, foods, leaves, flowers and fruits — those that are unenclosed and have come forth of themselves — a man with a need may take.
14.46.37
न शिल्पजीविकां जीवेद्द्विरन्नं नोत कामयेत् ।
न द्वेष्टा नोपदेष्टा च भवेच्च निरुपस्कृतः ॥ १४.४६.३७ ॥
One should not live by a craft, nor desire a second meal; one should be neither a hater nor an instructor, and not one who is artificial in conduct.
14.46.38
श्रद्धापूतानि भुञ्जीत निमित्तानि च वर्जयेत् ।
मुधावृत्तिरसक्तश्च सर्वभूतैरसंधितः ॥ १४.४६.३८ ॥
One should eat food purified by faith and avoid omens. Living on unasked-for means, unattached, and not bound by agreement with any being.
14.46.39
आशीर्युक्तानि सर्वाणि हिंसायुक्तानि यानि च ।
लोकसङ्ग्रहधर्मं च नैव कुर्यान्न कारयेत् ॥ १४.४६.३९ ॥
All deeds connected with desire for reward, those connected with harm, and the duty of gathering the world—one should neither do nor cause them to be done.
14.46.40
सर्वभावानतिक्रम्य लघुमात्रः परिव्रजेत् ।
समः सर्वेषु भूतेषु स्थावरेषु चरेषु च ॥ १४.४६.४० ॥
Having transcended all states of being, one should wander as a renunciant with minimal possessions, even-minded toward all beings, both the immobile and the mobile.
14.46.41
परं नोद्वेजयेत्कञ्चिन्न च कस्यचिदुद्विजेत् ।
विश्वास्यः सर्वभूतानामग्र्यो मोक्षविदुच्यते ॥ १४.४६.४१ ॥
One should not disturb anyone, nor be disturbed by anyone. He is called trustworthy to all beings, foremost, and a knower of liberation.
14.46.42
अनागतं च न ध्यायेन्नातीतमनुचिन्तयेत् ।
वर्तमानमुपेक्षेत कालाकाङ्क्षी समाहितः ॥ १४.४६.४२ ॥
One should not meditate on the future, nor dwell again and again on the past. One should disregard the present, awaiting the proper time, with a composed mind.
14.46.43
न चक्षुषा न मनसा न वाचा दूषयेत्क्वचित् ।
न प्रत्यक्षं परोक्षं वा किञ्चिद्दुष्टं समाचरेत् ॥ १४.४६.४३ ॥
Neither by sight, nor by mind, nor by speech should one ever defile anyone; neither openly nor in secret should one do any wrong.
14.46.44
इन्द्रियाण्युपसंहृत्य कूर्मोऽङ्गानीव सर्वशः ।
क्षीणेन्द्रियमनोबुद्धिर्निरीहः सर्वतत्त्ववित् ॥ १४.४६.४४ ॥
Like a tortoise drawing in its limbs on every side, having withdrawn the senses, one whose senses, mind and intellect are spent, free from striving, knower of all truths.
14.46.45
निर्द्वन्द्वो निर्नमस्कारो निःस्वाहाकार एव च ।
निर्ममो निरहङ्कारो निर्योगक्षेम आत्मवान् ॥ १४.४६.४५ ॥
Free from pairs of opposites, without salutation or oblation, without 'mine' or egoism, free from concern for acquisition and preservation, self-possessed.
14.46.46
निराशीर्निर्गुणः शान्तो निरासक्तो निराश्रयः ।
आत्मसङ्गी च तत्त्वज्ञो मुच्यते नात्र संशयः ॥ १४.४६.४६ ॥
Free from desire, beyond the qualities, peaceful, unattached, without support, clinging to the self, a knower of truth — he is liberated; there is no doubt here.
14.46.47
अपादपाणिपृष्ठं तदशिरस्कमनूदरम् ।
अभिन्नगुणकर्माणं केवलं विमलं स्थिरम् ॥ १४.४६.४७ ॥
Without feet, hands, or back; without head or belly; undivided in qualities and actions; pure, stainless, and steady.
14.46.48
अगन्धमरसस्पर्शमरूपाशब्दमेव च ।
अनुगम्यमनासक्तममांसमपि चैव यत् ॥ १४.४६.४८ ॥
Without smell, taste, touch, form, or sound; to be attained, unattached, and without flesh, that is immaterial.
14.46.49
निशअचिन्तमव्ययं दिव्यं गृहस्थमपि सर्वदा ।
सर्वभूतस्थमात्मानं ये पश्यन्ति न ते मृताः ॥ १४.४६.४९ ॥
Those who always see the self — free from care, imperishable, divine, abiding in all beings even while dwelling as householders — are not dead.
14.46.50
न तत्र क्रमते बुद्धिर्नेन्द्रियाणि न देवताः ।
वेदा यज्ञाश्च लोकाश्च न तपो न व्रतानि च ॥ १४.४६.५० ॥
There the intellect does not proceed, nor the senses, nor the gods; not the Vedas, nor sacrifices, nor worlds, nor austerity, nor vows.
14.46.51
यत्र ज्ञानवतां प्राप्तिलिङ्गग्रहणा स्मृता ।
तस्मादलिङ्गधर्मज्ञो धर्मतत्त्वमुपाचरेत् ॥ १४.४६.५१ ॥
Where the attainment of the knowers is said to be without grasping of marks, therefore one who knows the dharma without marks should practise the essence of dharma.
14.46.52
गूढधर्माश्रितो विद्वान्विज्ञानचरितं चरेत् ।
अमूढो मूढरूपेण चरेद्धर्ममदूषयन् ॥ १४.४६.५२ ॥
The learned one, relying on hidden dharma, should practise the conduct of knowledge; not deluded, he should move in the form of one deluded, without defiling dharma.
14.46.53
यथैनमवमन्येरन्परे सततमेव हि ।
तथावृत्तश्चरेच्छान्तः सतां धर्मानकुत्सयन् ॥ १४.४६.५३ ॥
Just as others might constantly despise him, so calmly should he conduct himself, without disparaging the dharmas of the good.
14.46.54
य एवं वृत्तसम्पन्नः स मुनिः श्रेष्ठ उच्यते ।
इन्द्रियाणीन्द्रियार्थांश्च महाभूतानि पञ्च च ॥ १४.४६.५४ ॥
He who is thus endowed with proper conduct is called the best of sages — who has mastered the senses, their objects, and the five great elements.
14.46.55
मनो बुद्धिरहङ्कारमव्यक्तं पुरुषं तथा ।
एतत्सर्वं प्रसङ्ख्याय यथावत्तत्त्वनिश्चयात् ॥ १४.४६.५५ ॥
Having fully discerned mind, intellect, ego-sense, the unmanifest, and the person (puruṣa), as they truly are, through the firm ascertainment of the principles.
14.46.56
ततः स्वर्गमवाप्नोति विमुक्तः सर्वबन्धनैः ।
एतावदन्तवेलायां परिसङ्ख्याय तत्त्ववित् ॥ १४.४६.५६ ॥
Then, freed from all bonds, he attains heaven; at the moment of death, the knower of truth having fully reckoned thus far.
14.46.57
ध्यायेदेकान्तमास्थाय मुच्यतेऽथ निराश्रयः ।
निर्मुक्तः सर्वसङ्गेभ्यो वायुराकाशगो यथा ॥ १४.४६.५७ ॥
Having resorted to solitude, let him meditate; then, without support and freed from all attachments, he is liberated, like the wind moving through space.
14.46.58
क्षीणकोशो निरातङ्कस्तथेदं प्राप्नुयात्परम् ॥ १४.४६.५८ ॥
With his sheath worn away and free from fear, he should attain that supreme state in this very way.