Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 14.96

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Read with meanings

14.96.1

अश्वमेधे पुरावृत्ते केशवं केशिसूदनम् ।
धर्मसंशयमुद्दिश्य किमपृच्छत्पितामहः ॥ १४.९६.१ ॥

At the horse sacrifice of old, concerning a doubt about dharma, what did the grandfather ask Keśava, the slayer of Keśin?

14.96.2

पश्चिमेनाश्वमेधेन यदा स्नातो युधिष्ठिरः ।
तदा राजा नमस्कृत्य केशवं पुनरब्रवीत् ॥ १४.९६.२ ॥

When Yudhiṣṭhira had bathed after the final horse sacrifice, the king bowed to Keśava and spoke again.

14.96.3

भववन्वैष्णवा धर्माः किंफलाः किंपरायणाः ।
किं धर्ममधिकृत्याथ भवतोत्पादिताः पुरा ॥ १४.९६.३ ॥

On what dharma did you formerly teach these Vaiṣṇava duties? What fruit do they bear, and what is their supreme goal?

14.96.4

यदि तेहमनुग्राह्यः प्रियोस्मि मधुसूदन ।
श्रोतव्या यदि मे कृष्ण तन्मे कथय सुव्रत ॥ १४.९६.४ ॥

O Madhusūdana, if I am worthy of your favour and dear to you, and if it is fit to be heard, O Kṛṣṇa, then tell it to me, O one of good vows.

14.96.5

पवित्रा किल ते धर्माः सर्वपापप्रणाशनाः ।
सर्वधर्मोत्तमाः पुण्या भगवंस्त्वन्मुखोद्गताः ॥ १४.९६.५ ॥

Your dharmas are indeed pure, destroying all sins, the best of all dharmas and meritorious, O blessed lord, issued from your own mouth.

14.96.6

याञ्श्रुत्वा ब्रह्महा गोघ्नो मातृहा गुरुतल्पगः ।
पाकर्भेदी कृतघ्नश्च सुरापो ब्रह्मविक्रयी ॥ १४.९६.६ ॥

Those who, having heard them, a slayer of a brahmin, a slayer of a cow, a slayer of a mother, one who lies with a teacher's wife, a betrayer of trust, an ungrateful man, a drinker of liquor, and a seller of sacred knowledge—

14.96.7

मित्रविश्वासघाती च वीरहा भ्रूणहा तथा ।
तपोविक्रयिणश्चैव दानविक्रयिणस्तथा ॥ १४.९६.७ ॥

Betrayers of a friend's trust, slayers of heroes, slayers of the unborn, sellers of asceticism, and likewise sellers of gifts.

14.96.8

आत्मविक्रमयिणो मूढा जीवेद्यश्च विकर्मभिः ।
पापाः शठा नैकृतिका डांभिका दूषकास्तथा ॥ १४.९६.८ ॥

Deluded sellers of themselves, those who live by wrongful deeds, sinners, deceivers, fraudsters, hypocrites, and defilers.

14.96.9

रसभेदकरा ये च ये च स्युर्ब्रह्मघातकाः ।
शूद्रप्रेष्यकराश्चोरा विप्रा ये च पुरोहिताः ॥ १४.९६.९ ॥

Corrupters of flavors, slayers of brahmins, those who serve śūdras as servants, thieves, and brahmins who are household priests.

14.96.10

निक्षेपहारिणः स्त्रीघ्नास्तथा ये पारदारिकाः ।
एते चान्ये च पापा ये मुच्यन्तेतेऽपि किल्बिषात् ॥ १४.९६.१० ॥

Thieves of deposits, killers of women, and adulterers—these and other sinners too are freed from sin.

14.96.11

तानाचक्ष्व सुरश्रेष्ठ त्वद्भक्तस्य ममाच्युत ॥ १४.९६.११ ॥

Describe them to me, O best of gods, O Acyuta, your devotee.

14.96.12

इत्येवं कथिते देवे धर्मपुत्रेण संसदि ।
वसिष्ठाद्यास्तपोयुक्ता मुनयस्तत्वदर्शिनः ॥ १४.९६.१२ ॥

When the god had spoken thus in the assembly of the son of Dharma, the ascetic sages who see the truth, led by Vasiṣṭha, were present.

14.96.13

श्रोतुकामाः परं गुह्यं वैष्णवं धर्ममुत्तमम् ।
तथा भागवताश्चैव ततस्तं पर्यवारयन् ॥ १४.९६.१३ ॥

Desiring to hear the supreme secret, the highest Vaishnava dharma, and likewise the Bhāgavatas surrounded him.

14.96.14

तत्वतस्तव भावेन पादमूलमुपागतम् ।
यदि जानासि मां भक्तं स्निग्धं वा भक्तवत्सल ॥ १४.९६.१४ ॥

O lover of devotees, if in truth, through your devotion, you know me as one who has come to the foot of your feet as a devotee, or as one dear to you...

14.96.15

धर्मगुह्यानि सर्वाणि वेत्तुमिच्छामि तत्वतः ।
धर्मान्कथय मे देव यद्यनुग्रहभागहम् ॥ १४.९६.१५ ॥

I wish to know all the secrets of dharma in truth. O god, if I am worthy of your grace, tell me the dharmas.

14.96.16

श्रुता मे मानवा धर्मा वासिष्ठाः काश्यपास्तथा ।
गार्गीया गौतमीयाश्च तथा गोपालकस्य च ॥ १४.९६.१६ ॥

I have heard the dharmas of Manu, those of Vasiṣṭha and of Kāśyapa, and those of the Gārgīyas and Gautamīyas, and of Gopālaka.

14.96.17

पराशरकृताः पूर्वा मैत्रेयस्य च धीमतः ।
औमा माहेश्वराश्चैव नन्दिधर्माश्च पावनाः ॥ १४.९६.१७ ॥

The earlier dharmas composed by Parāśara, those of the wise Maitreya, and the purifying dharmas of Umā, Maheśvara and Nandin.

14.96.18

ब्रह्मणा कथिता ये च कौमाराश्च श्रुता मया ।
धूमायनकृता धर्माः काण्डवैश्वानरा अपि ॥ १४.९६.१८ ॥

The dharmas declared by Brahmā, the Kumāra dharmas that I have heard, the dharmas composed by Dhūmāyana, and also those of Kāṇḍa and Vaiśvānara.

14.96.19

भार्गवा याज्ञवल्क्याश्च मार्कण्डेयकृता अपि ।
भारद्वाजकृता ये च बृहस्पतिकृताश्च ये ॥ १४.९६.१९ ॥

The teachings of the Bhṛgu lineage, of Yājñavalkya, composed by Mārkaṇḍeya, composed by Bhāradvāja, and composed by Bṛhaspati — these too I have heard.

14.96.20

कुणेश्च कुणिबाहोश्च विश्वामित्रकृताश्च ये ।
सुमन्तुजैमिनिकृताः शाकुनेयास्तथैव च ॥ १४.९६.२० ॥

Those of Kuṇi and of Kuṇibāhu, those composed by Viśvāmitra, those composed by Sumantu and Jaimini, and likewise those of Śākuneya — these too I have heard.

14.96.21

पुलस्त्यपुलहोद्गीताः पावकीयास्तथैव च ।
अगस्त्यगीता मौद्गल्याः शाण्डिल्याः शलभायनाः ॥ १४.९६.२१ ॥

Those sung by Pulastya and Pulaha, those of the Pāvakīyas, likewise those sung by Agastya, those of the Maudgalyas, the Śāṇḍilyas and the Śalabhāyanas — these too I have heard.

14.96.22

वालखिल्यकृता ये च ये च सप्तर्षिभिस्तथा ।
आपस्तंबकृता धर्माः शङ्खस्य लिखितस्य च ॥ १४.९६.२२ ॥

Those composed by the Vālakhilyas and those by the seven sages, likewise the teachings of dharma composed by Āpastamba, and those of Śaṅkha and of Likhita — these too I have heard.

14.96.23

प्राजापत्यास्तथा याम्या माहेन्द्राश्च श्रुता मया ।
वैयाघ्रव्यासकीयाश्च विभण्डककृताश्च ये ॥ १४.९६.२३ ॥

I have heard the teachings of Prajāpati, likewise those of Yama, and those of Indra; those of Vaiyāghra and of Vyāsaka, and those composed by Vibhaṇḍaka — these too.

14.96.24

नारदीयाः श्रुता धर्माः कापोताश्च श्रुता मया ।
तथा विदुरवाक्यानि भृगोरङ्गिरसस्तथा ॥ १४.९६.२४ ॥

I have heard the teachings of Nārada, and those of the Kāpotas; likewise the sayings of Vidura, and those of Bhṛgu and of Aṅgiras.

14.96.25

क्रौञ्चा मृदङ्गगीताश्च सौर्या हारीतकाश्च ये ।
ये पिशङ्गकृताश्चापि कातपायाः सुवालकाः ॥ १४.९६.२५ ॥

The Krauñcas sung to the mṛdaṅga, the Sauryas and Hārītakas, those composed by Piśaṅga, and the Kātapāyas and Suvālakas.

14.96.26

उद्दालककृता धर्मा औशनस्यास्तथैव च ।
वैशंपायनगीताश्च ये चान्येऽप्येवमादितः ॥ १४.९६.२६ ॥

The dharmas composed by Uddālaka, likewise those of Uśanas, those sung by Vaiśampāyana, and the others beginning thus.

14.96.27

एतेभ्यः सर्वधर्मेभ्यो देव त्वन्मुखनिस्सृताः ।
पावनात्वात्पवित्रत्वाद्विशिष्टा इति मे मतिः ॥ १४.९६.२७ ॥

Above all these dharmas, O god, those issued from your mouth are superior, being purifying and sacred — such is my judgment.

14.96.28

तस्माद्धि त्वां प्रपन्नस्य त्वद्भक्तस्य च केशव ।
युष्मदीयान्वरान्धर्मान्पुण्यान्कथय मेच्युत ॥ १४.९६.२८ ॥

Therefore, O Keśava, to me who have taken refuge in you and am your devotee, tell, O Acyuta, the meritorious boon-teachings that are yours.

14.96.29

एवं पृष्टस्तु धर्मज्ञो धर्मपुत्रेण केशवः ।
उवाच धर्मान्सूक्ष्मार्थान्धर्मपुत्रस्य हर्षितः ॥ १४.९६.२९ ॥

Thus asked by the son of Dharma, Keśava, knower of dharma, delighted, began to speak to the son of Dharma of the teachings of subtle meaning.

14.96.30

एवं ते यस्य कौन्तेय यत्नो धर्मेषु सुव्रत ।
तस्य ते दुर्लभो लोके न कश्चिदपि विद्येत ॥ १४.९६.३० ॥

Son of Kuntī, O one of good vows, for one whose effort in the dharmas is such as yours, you are rare in the world; no one at all would be found.

14.96.31

धर्मः श्रुतो वा दृष्टो वा कथितो वा कृतोपि वा ।
अनुमोदितो वा राजेन्द्र नयतीन्द्रपदं नरम् ॥ १४.९६.३१ ॥

O lord of kings, dharma, whether heard, seen, spoken of, done, or approved, leads a man to the station of Indra.

14.96.32

धर्मः पिता च माता च धर्मो नाथः सुहृत्तथा ।
धर्मो भ्राता सखा चैव धर्मः स्वामी परंतप ॥ १४.९६.३२ ॥

Dharma is father and dharma is mother; dharma is protector, and likewise friend. Dharma is brother, dharma is companion; O scorcher of foes, dharma is lord.

14.96.33

धर्मादर्थश्च कामश्च धर्माद्भोगाः सुखानि च ।
धर्मार्दैश्वर्यमेवाग्र्यं धर्मात्स्वर्गगतिः परा ॥ १४.९६.३३ ॥

From dharma come wealth and desire; from dharma come enjoyments and pleasures. From dharma comes supreme sovereignty, and from dharma the supreme going to heaven.

14.96.34

धर्मोयं सेवितः शुद्धस्त्रायते महतो भयात् ।
धर्माद्द्विजत्वं देवत्वं धर्मः पावयते नरम् ॥ १४.९६.३४ ॥

This pure dharma, when practised, protects from great fear. From dharma come the status of the twice-born and divinity; dharma purifies a man.

14.96.35

यदा च क्षीयते पापं कालेन पुरुषस्य तु ।
तदा संजायते बुद्धिर्धर्मं कर्तुं युधिष्ठिर ॥ १४.९६.३५ ॥

And when a man's sin is diminished in time, then, O Yudhiṣṭhira, the understanding to perform dharma arises.

14.96.36

जन्मान्तरसहस्रैस्तु मनुष्यत्वं हि दुर्लभम् ।
तद्गत्वापीह यो धर्मं न करोति स्ववञ्चितः ॥ १४.९६.३६ ॥

Human birth is hard to obtain even after thousands of other births; whoever, having attained it here, does not perform dharma deceives himself.

14.96.37

कुत्सिता ये दरिद्राश्च विरूपा व्याधितास्तथा ।
परद्वेष्याश्च मूर्खाश्च न तैर्धर्मः कृतः पुरा ॥ १४.९६.३७ ॥

Those who are despised, poor, ugly, diseased, hated by others, and foolish did not perform dharma in the past.

14.96.38

ये च दीर्घायुषः शूराः पण्डिता भोगिनस्तथा ।
नीरोगा रूपसंपन्नास्तैर्धर्मः सुकृतः पुरा ॥ १४.९६.३८ ॥

Those who are long-lived, heroic, learned, enjoyers of pleasure, healthy, and beautiful performed dharma well in the past.

14.96.39

एवं धर्मः कृतः शुद्धो नयते गतिमुत्तमाम् ।
अधर्मं सेवते यस्तु तिर्यग्योन्यां पतत्यसौ ॥ १४.९६.३९ ॥

Thus performed in purity, dharma leads to the highest destination; but he who practises adharma falls into animal wombs.

14.96.40

इदं रहस्यं कौन्तेय शृणु धर्ममनुत्तमम् ।
कथयिष्ये परं धर्मं तव भक्तस्य पाण्डव ॥ १४.९६.४० ॥

Listen, son of Kuntī, to this secret and supreme dharma. Pāṇḍava, since you are my devotee, I shall declare to you the highest dharma.

14.96.41

इष्टस्त्वमसि मेऽत्यर्थं प्रपन्नश्चापि मां सदा ।
परमार्थमपि ब्रूयां किं पुनर्धर्मसंहिताम् ॥ १४.९६.४१ ॥

You are exceedingly dear to me, and you always take refuge in me. I could speak even the supreme truth; how much more the code of dharma?

14.96.42

इदं मे मानुषं जन्म कृतमात्मनि मायया ।
धर्मसंस्थापनार्थाय दुष्टानां नाशनाय च ॥ १४.९६.४२ ॥

I have assumed this human birth in myself by my illusory power, for the establishment of dharma and the destruction of the wicked.

14.96.43

मानुष्यं भावमापन्नं ये मां गृह्णन्त्यवज्ञया ।
संसारान्तर्हि ते मूढास्तिर्यग्योनिष्वनेकशः ॥ १४.९६.४३ ॥

Those who, having taken on a human state, scorn me, are deluded; within saṃsāra they are born again and again in animal wombs.

14.96.44

ये च मां सर्वभूतस्थं पश्यन्ति ज्ञानचक्षुषा ।
मद्भक्तांस्तान्सदा युक्तान्मत्समीपं नयाम्यहम् ॥ १४.९६.४४ ॥

Those who see me dwelling in all beings with the eye of knowledge, my devotees ever absorbed in yoga, I bring near to myself.

14.96.45

मद्भक्ता न विनश्यन्ति मद्भक्ता वीतकल्मषाः ।
मद्भाक्तानां तु मानुष्ये सफल जन्म पाण्डवा ॥ १४.९६.४५ ॥

My devotees do not perish; my devotees are free from stain. O Pāṇḍavas, for my devotees alone human birth bears fruit.

14.96.46

अपि पापेष्वभिरता मद्भक्ताः पाण्डुनन्दन ।
मुच्यन्ते पातकैः सर्वैः पद्मपत्रमिवांभसा ॥ १४.९६.४६ ॥

Even those devoted to sins, my devotees, O son of Pāṇḍu, are freed from all transgressions, as a lotus leaf is untouched by water.

14.96.47

जन्मान्तरसहस्रेषु तपसा भावितात्मनाम् ।
भक्तिरुत्पद्यते तात मनुष्याणां न संशयः ॥ १४.९६.४७ ॥

O dear one, among human beings whose souls are purified by austerity, devotion arises after thousands of births—of this there is no doubt.

14.96.48

यच्च रूपं परं गुह्यं कूटस्तमचलं ध्रुवम् ।
न दृश्यते तता देवैर्मद्भक्तैर्दृश्यते यथा ॥ १४.९६.४८ ॥

That supreme secret form, abiding at the summit, unmoving and steadfast, is not seen by the gods, but is seen by my devotees just as it is.

14.96.49

अपरं यच्च मे रूपं पर्रादुर्भावेषु दृश्यते ।
तदर्चयन्ति सर्वार्थैः सर्वभूतानि पाण्डव ॥ १४.९६.४९ ॥

Another form of mine, which is seen in my later manifestations, O Pāṇḍava, all beings worship with all kinds of offerings.

14.96.50

कल्पकोटिसहस्रेषु व्यतीतेष्वागते च ।
दर्शयामीह तद्रूपं यच्च पश्यन्ति मे सुराः ॥ १४.९६.५० ॥

Though thousands of crores of kalpas have passed and are to come, I show here that form which the gods see of me.

14.96.51

स्तित्युत्पत्त्यव्ययकरं यो मां ज्ञात्वा प्रपद्यते ।
अनुगृह्णाम्यहं तं वै संसारान्मोचयामि च ॥ १४.९६.५१ ॥

Whoever knows me as the sustainer, creator and destroyer and takes refuge in me, I surely show him favor and free him from worldly existence.

14.96.52

अहमादिर्हि देवानां सृष्टा ब्रह्मादयो मया ।
प्रकृतिं स्वामवष्टभ्य जगत्सर्वं सृजाम्यहम् ॥ १४.९६.५२ ॥

I am indeed the origin of the gods; Brahmā and the others were created by me. Supporting my own nature, I alone create the entire world.

14.96.53

तमोमूलोहमव्यक्तो रजोमध्ये प्रतिष्ठितः ।
ऊर्ध्वं सत्त्वं विना लोभं ब्रह्मादिस्तंबपर्यतः ॥ १४.९६.५३ ॥

My root is darkness; I am unmanifest, established in the midst of passion. Without goodness above, extending from Brahmā down to the tuft of grass.

14.96.54

मूर्धानं मे विद्धि दिवं चन्द्रादित्यौ च लोचने ।
गावोग्निर्बाह्मणो वक्त्रं मारुतः श्वसनं च मे ॥ १४.९६.५४ ॥

Know heaven to be my head; the moon and sun are my two eyes. Cows (the earth), fire and the Brahmin are my mouth; the wind is my breath.

14.96.55

दिशो मे बाहवश्चाष्टौ नक्षत्राणि च भूषणम् ।
अन्तरिक्षमुरो विद्धि सर्वभूतावकाशकम्।
मार्गो मेघानिलाभ्यां तु यन्ममोदरमव्ययम् ॥ १४.९६.५५ ॥

The directions are my eight arms, the constellations my ornaments. Know the atmosphere to be my chest, which gives room to all beings; the path of clouds and wind is my imperishable belly.

14.96.56

पृथिवीमण्डलं यद्वै द्वीपार्णवनगैर्युतम् ।
सर्वसंधारणोपेतं पादौ मम युधिष्ठिर ॥ १४.९६.५६ ॥

O Yudhiṣṭhira, this disk of the earth, endowed with islands, oceans and mountains and possessing the power to support all things, is my feet.

14.96.57

स्थितो ह्येकगुणः खेऽहं द्विगुणश्चास्मि मारुते ।
त्रिगुणोग्नौ स्थितोहं वै सलिले च चतुर्गुणः ॥ १४.९६.५७ ॥

In space I abide with one quality, in wind with two; in fire I abide with three, and in water with four.

14.96.58

शब्दाद्या ये गुणाः पञ्च महाभूतेषु पञ्चसु ।
तन्मात्रासंस्थितः सोहं पृथिव्यां पञ्चधास्थितः ॥ १४.९६.५८ ॥

The five qualities, beginning with sound, which are in the five great elements, I am the one established in the subtle elements; on the earth I abide in five forms.

14.96.59

अहं सहस्रसीर्षस्तु सहस्रवदनेक्षणः ।
सहस्रबाहूदरधृक्सहस्रोरुः सहस्रपात् ॥ १४.९६.५९ ॥

I have a thousand heads, a thousand faces and eyes; bearing a thousand arms and bellies, with a thousand thighs and a thousand feet.

14.96.60

धृत्वोर्वीं सर्वतः सम्यगत्यतिष्ठं दशांगुलम् ।
सर्वभूतात्मभूतस्थः सर्वव्यापी ततोस्म्यहम् ॥ १४.९६.६० ॥

Having fully supported the earth on every side, I stand ten fingers' breadth above it. Dwelling as the self of all beings, I am therefore all-pervading.

14.96.61

अचिन्त्योहमनन्तोहमजरोहमजो ह्यहम् ।
अनाद्योऽहमवध्योहमप्रमेयोहमव्ययः ॥ १४.९६.६१ ॥

I am unthinkable, I am endless, I am ageless, indeed I am unborn. I am without beginning, I am indestructible, I am immeasurable, I am imperishable.

14.96.62

निर्गुणोहं निगूढात्मा निर्द्वन्द्वो निर्ममो नृप ।
निष्कलो निर्विकारोहं निदानममृतस्य तु ॥ १४.९६.६२ ॥

I am without qualities, my self is hidden; I am free from pairs of opposites and free from possessiveness, O king. I am without parts and changeless; I am indeed the source of immortality.

14.96.63

सुधा चाहं स्वधा चाहं स्वाहा चाहं नराधिप ।
तेजसा तपसा चाहं भूतग्रामं चतुर्विधम् ॥ १४.९६.६३ ॥

I am sudhā, I am svadhā, and I am svāhā too, O lord of men. By brilliance and by asceticism I am the fourfold host of beings.

14.96.64

स्नेहपाशैर्गुणबद्ध्वा धारयाम्यात्ममायया ।
चातुराश्रमधर्मेहं चातुर्होत्रफलाशनः।
चतुर्मूर्तिश्चतुर्यज्ञश्चतुराश्रमभावनः ॥ १४.९६.६४ ॥

Bound by the nooses of affection and by the qualities, I sustain the world by my own illusion-power. I am the duty of the four stages of life, I am the eater of the fruit of the fourfold priests' rites. I am fourfold in form, the fourfold sacrifice, the fosterer of the four stages of life.