Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 14.98
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14.98.1
एवं श्रुत्वा वचस्तस्य धर्मपुत्रोऽच्युतस्य तु ।
पप्रच्छ पुनरप्यन्यं धर्मं धर्मात्मजो हरिम् ॥ १४.९८.१ ॥
Having heard his words, the son of Dharma asked Acyuta (Kṛṣṇa) yet another question about dharma.
14.98.2
वृथा च कति जन्मानि वृथा दानानि कानि च ।
वृथा च जीवितं केषां नराणां पुरुषोत्तम ॥ १४.९८.२ ॥
O best of men, how many births are wasted, which gifts are wasted, and whose life among men is wasted?
14.98.3
कीदृशासु ह्यवस्थासु दानं दत्तं जनार्दन ।
इह लोकेऽनुभवति पुरुषः पुरुषोत्तम ॥ १४.९८.३ ॥
O Janārdana, in what kinds of conditions, having given a gift, does a man experience its result in this world, O best of men?
14.98.4
गर्भस्थः किं समश्नाति किं बाल्ये वाऽपि केशव ।
यौवनस्थेऽपि किं कृष्ण वार्धके वाऽपि किं भवेत् ॥ १४.९८.४ ॥
O Keśava, what does a being experience while in the womb, or in childhood? O Kṛṣṇa, what happens in youth, or in old age?
14.98.5
सात्विकं कीदृशं दानं राजसं कीदृशं भवेत् ।
तामसं कीदृशं देव तर्पयिष्यति किं प्रभो ॥ १४.९८.५ ॥
O god, what is a gift of the sattva kind, and what is a gift of the rajas kind? What is a gift of the tamas kind, and whom, O lord, will it satisfy?
14.98.6
उत्तमं कीदृशं दानं तेषां वा किं फलं भवेत् ।
किं दानं नयति ह्यूर्ध्वं किं गतिं मध्यमां नयेत्।
गतिं जघन्यामथवा देवदेव ब्रवीहि मे ॥ १४.९८.६ ॥
What is the supreme gift, and what is its fruit? Which gift leads upward, which leads to a middling destination, or to a lowest one? O god of gods, tell me.
14.98.7
एतदिच्छामि विज्ञातुं परं कौतूहलं हि मे ।
त्वदीयं वचनं सत्यं पुण्यं च मधुसूदन ॥ १४.९८.७ ॥
I wish to know this; my curiosity is great. O Madhusūdana, your words are true and meritorious.
14.98.8
एवं धर्मं प्रयत्नेन पृष्टः पाण्डुसुतेन वै ।
उवाच वासुदेवोऽथ धर्मान्धर्मात्मजस्य तु ॥ १४.९८.८ ॥
Thus, when asked earnestly about dharma by the son of Pāṇḍu, Vāsudeva then spoke of the dharmas to the son of the righteous one.
14.98.9
शृणु राजन्यथान्यायं वचनं तथ्यमुत्तमम् ।
कथ्यमानं मया पुण्यं सर्वपापव्यपोहनम् ॥ १४.९८.९ ॥
O king, listen rightly. This true and supreme word, spoken by me, is meritorious and removes all sins.
14.98.10
वृथा च दश जन्मानि चत्वारि च नराधिप ।
वृथा दानानि पञ्चाशत्पञ्चैव च यथाक्रमम् ॥ १४.९८.१० ॥
O lord of men, ten and four births are in vain; and fifty-five gifts too, in due order, are in vain.
14.98.11
वृथा च जीवितं येषां ते च षट् परिकीर्तिताः ।
अनुक्रमेण वक्ष्यामि तानि सर्वाणि पार्थिव ॥ १४.९८.११ ॥
Those whose life is in vain are declared to be six. O king, I will tell them all in order.
14.98.12
धर्मघ्नानां वृथा जन्म लुब्धानां पापिनां तथा ।
वृथा पाकं च येऽश्नन्ति परदाररताश्च ये।
पाकभेदकरा ये च ये च स्युः सत्यवर्जिताः ॥ १४.९८.१२ ॥
The birth of those who destroy dharma, of the greedy and of the sinful is in vain. Those who eat cooked food in vain, who delight in other men's wives, who cause division over food, and who are devoid of truth, are likewise in vain.
14.98.13
मृष्टमश्नाति यश्चैकः क्लिस्यमानैस्तु बान्धवैः ।
पितरं मातरं चैव उपाध्यायं गुरुं तथा।
मातुलं मातुलानीं च यो निहन्याच्छपेत वा ॥ १४.९८.१३ ॥
He who eats delicacies alone while his kinsmen suffer, and who kills or curses his father, mother, teacher, guru, maternal uncle or maternal aunt.
14.98.14
ब्राह्मणश्चैव यो भूत्वा सन्ध्योपासनवर्जितः ।
निस्स्वाहो निस्स्वधश्चैव शूद्राणामन्नभुग्द्विजः ॥ १४.९८.१४ ॥
A twice-born man who, though a brahmin, is devoid of twilight worship, without svāhā and svadhā offerings, and eats the food of śūdras.
14.98.15
मम वा शंकरस्याथ ब्रह्मणो वा युधिष्ठिर ।
अथवा ब्राह्मणानां तु ये न भक्ता नराधमाः।
वृथाजन्मान्यथैतेषां पापिनां विद्धि डव ॥ १४.९८.१५ ॥
O Yudhiṣṭhira, know that the birth of those sinful lowest of men who are not devoted to me, to Śaṅkara, to Brahmā, or to the brahmins is in vain, ……
14.98.16
अश्रद्धयाऽपि यद्दत्तमवामानेन वाऽपि यत् ।
डंभार्थमपि यद्दत्तं यत्पाषण्डिहृतं नृप ॥ १४.९८.१६ ॥
O king, a gift given without faith, given with contempt, given for the sake of display, or taken by heretics.
14.98.17
शूद्राचाराय यद्दत्तं यद्दत्त्वा चानुकीर्तितम् ।
रोषयुक्तं तु यद्दत्तं यद्दत्तमनुशोचितम् ॥ १४.९८.१७ ॥
A gift given to one of śūdra conduct, a gift proclaimed after giving, a gift given with anger, and a gift regretted afterward.
14.98.18
डंभार्जितं च यद्दत्तं यच्च वाऽप्यनृतार्जितम् ।
ब्राह्मणस्वं च यद्दत्तं चौर्येणाप्यार्जितं च यत् ॥ १४.९८.१८ ॥
A gift given from wealth earned through hypocrisy, wealth earned through falsehood, the property of a brahmin given away, and wealth acquired even by theft.
14.98.19
अभिशास्ताहृतं यत्तु यद्दत्तं पतिते द्विजे ।
निर्ब्रह्माभिहृतं यत्तु यद्दत्तं सर्वयाचकैः ॥ १४.९८.१९ ॥
That which is taken from one accused, that which is given to a fallen twice-born, that which is taken by one who has abandoned the Veda, and that which is given by all beggars—
14.98.20
व्राप्यैस्तु यद्धृतं दानमारूढपतितैश्च यत् ।
यद्दत्तं स्वैरिणीभर्तुः श्वशुराननुवर्तिने ॥ १४.९८.२० ॥
A gift accepted by vrātyas, that taken by those fallen from high estate, that given to the husband of an unchaste woman, and that given to one who follows his father-in-law—
14.98.21
यद्ग्रामयाचकहृतं यत्कृतघ्नहृतं तथा ।
उपपातकिने दत्तं देवविक्रयिणे च यत् ॥ १४.९८.२१ ॥
That taken by a village beggar, that taken by an ungrateful man, likewise that given to one guilty of secondary offences, and that given to one who sells divine things—
14.98.22
स्त्रीजिताय च यद्दत्तं यद्दत्तं राजसेविने ।
गणकाय च यद्दत्तं यच्च कारणिकाय च ॥ १४.९८.२२ ॥
That given to one ruled by women, that given to a servant of the king, that given to an accountant, and that given to a court official—
14.98.23
वृषलीपतये दत्तं यद्दत्तं शस्त्रजीविने ।
भृतकाय च यद्दत्तं व्यालग्राहिहृतं च यत् ॥ १४.९८.२३ ॥
That given to the husband of a śūdra woman, that given to one who lives by weapons, that given to a hired servant, and that taken by a snake-charmer—
14.98.24
पुरोहिताय यद्दत्तं चिकित्सकहृतं च यत् ।
यद्वणिंक्कर्मिणे दत्तं क्षुद्रमन्त्रोपजीविने ॥ १४.९८.२४ ॥
That given to a family priest, that taken by a physician, that given to a merchant, and that given to one who lives by petty spells—
14.98.25
यच्छूद्रजीविने दत्तं यच्च देवलकाय च ।
देवद्रव्याशिने यच्च यद्दत्तं चित्रकर्मिणे ॥ १४.९८.२५ ॥
What is given to one who lives by serving a śūdra, what is given to a temple priest, what is given to one who eats temple property, and what is given to a painter.
14.98.26
रङ्गोपजीविने दत्तं यच्च मांसोपजीविने ।
सेवकाय च यद्दत्तं यद्दत्तं ब्राह्मणब्रुवे ॥ १४.९८.२६ ॥
What is given to one who lives by the stage, what is given to one who lives by selling meat, what is given to a servant, and what is given to one who claims to be a brahmin.
14.98.27
अदेशिने च यद्दत्तं दत्तं वार्धुषिकाय च ।
यदनाचारिणे दत्तं यत्तु दत्तमनग्रये ॥ १४.९८.२७ ॥
What is given to one without a settled home, what is given to a usurer, what is given to one of wicked conduct, and what is given to one without the sacred fire.
14.98.28
असन्ध्योपासिने दत्तं यच्छूद्रग्रामवासिने ।
यन्मिथ्यालिङ्गिने दत्तं दत्तं सर्वाशिने च यत् ॥ १४.९८.२८ ॥
What is given to one who does not perform the twilight rites, what is given to one who dwells in a śūdra village, what is given to one who falsely displays the marks, and what is given to one who eats everything.
14.98.29
नास्तिकाया च यद्दत्तं धर्मविक्रयिणे च यत् ।
वराकाय च यद्दत्तं यद्दत्तं कूटसाक्षिणे ॥ १४.९८.२९ ॥
What is given to a nāstika (one who denies scripture), what is given to one who sells dharma, what is given to a wretched person, and what is given to a false witness.
14.98.30
ग्रामकूटाय यद्दत्तं दानं पार्तिवपुङ्गव ।
वृथा भवति तत्सर्वं नात्र कार्या विचारणा ॥ १४.९८.३० ॥
O best of kings, a gift given to a village deceiver becomes entirely fruitless; there is no need to deliberate on this.
14.98.31
विप्राणामधरा एते लोलुपा ब्राह्मणाधमाः ।
नात्मानं तारयन्त्येते न दातारं युधिष्ठिर ॥ १४.९८.३१ ॥
O Yudhiṣṭhira, these are the basest of brahmins, greedy. They save neither themselves nor the giver.
14.98.32
एतेभ्यो दत्तमात्राणि दानानि सुबहून्यपि ।
वृथा भवन्ति राजेन्द्र भस्मन्याज्याहुतिर्यथा ॥ १४.९८.३२ ॥
O lord of kings, even many gifts given to these become futile, like an oblation of ghee poured into ashes.
14.98.33
एतेषु यत्फलं किंचिद्भविष्यति कथंचन ।
राक्षसाश्च पिशाचाश्च तद्विलुंपन्ति हर्षिताः ॥ १४.९८.३३ ॥
Whatever fruit may somehow arise from these, the rākṣasas and piśācas rejoicing plunder it away.
14.98.34
वृथा ह्येतानि दत्तानि कथितानि समासतः ।
जीवितं तु वृथा येषां चच्छृणुष्व युधिष्ठिर ॥ १४.९८.३४ ॥
I have briefly declared that gifts given to these are futile. Now listen, Yudhiṣṭhira, about those whose very life is in vain.
14.98.35
ये मां न प्रतिपद्यन्ते शङ्करं वा नराधमाः ।
ब्रैह्मणान्वा महीदेवान्वृथा जीवन्ति ते नराः ॥ १४.९८.३५ ॥
Those base men who do not honor me, or Śaṅkara, or the brahmins, the earthly gods, live in vain.
14.98.36
हेतुशास्त्रेषु ये सक्ताः कुदृष्टिपथमाश्रिताः ।
देवान्निन्दन्त्यनाचारा वृथा जीवन्ति ते नराः ॥ १४.९८.३६ ॥
Those men who are attached to the treatises of logic, who take up the path of false views and, of wicked conduct, revile the gods, live in vain.
14.98.37
कुशलैः कृतशास्त्राणि पठित्वा ये नराधमाः ।
विप्रान्निन्दन्ति यज्ञांश्च वृथा जीवन्ति ते नराः ॥ १४.९८.३७ ॥
Those lowest of men who, having studied the treatises composed by skilled scholars, revile the Brāhmaṇas and the sacrifices — those men live in vain.
14.98.38
ये दुर्गां वा कुमारं वा वायुमग्निं जलं रविम् ।
पितरं मातरं चैव गुरुमिन्द्रं निशाकरम्।
मूढा निन्दन्त्यनाचारा वृथा जीवन्ति ते नराः ॥ १४.९८.३८ ॥
Those deluded men of improper conduct who revile Durgā, Kumāra, Vāyu, Agni, Water, the Sun, father and mother, the teacher, Indra, or the Moon — those men live in vain.
14.98.39
विद्यमाने धने यस्तु दानधर्मविवर्जितः ।
मृष्टमश्नाति यश्चैको वृथा जीवति सोपि च ॥ १४.९८.३९ ॥
He who, while wealth is at hand, is bereft of the duty of giving and alone eats fine food — he too lives in vain.
14.98.40
वृथा जीवितमाख्यातं दानकालं ब्रवीमि ते ॥ १४.९८.४० ॥
The life lived in vain has been described; now I tell you the time for giving.
14.98.41
तमोनिविष्टचित्तेन दत्तं दानं तु यद्भवेत् ।
तदस्य फलमश्नाति नरो गर्भगतो नृप ॥ १४.९८.४१ ॥
Whatever gift is given with a mind plunged in darkness, O king — its fruit a man enjoys even while he is in the womb.
14.98.42
ईर्ष्यामत्सरसंयुक्तो डंभार्थं चार्थकारणात् ।
ददाति दानं यो मर्त्यो बालभावे तदश्नुते ॥ १४.९८.४२ ॥
The mortal who gives a gift, filled with envy and jealousy, for the sake of show or for some gain — that he enjoys in his childhood.
14.98.43
भोक्तं भोगमशक्तस्तु व्याधिभिः पीडितो भृशम् ।
ददाति दानं यो मर्त्यो वृद्धभावे तदश्नुते ॥ १४.९८.४३ ॥
A mortal who, afflicted greatly by diseases and unable to enjoy pleasures, gives a gift in old age obtains its fruit.
14.98.44
श्रद्धायुक्तः शुचिः स्नातः प्रसन्नेन्द्रियमानसः ।
ददाति दानं यो मर्त्यो यौवने स तदश्नुते ॥ १४.९८.४४ ॥
A mortal who gives a gift in youth, full of faith, pure, bathed, with senses and mind serene, obtains its fruit.
14.98.45
स्वयं नीत्वा तु यद्दानं भक्त्या पात्रे प्रदीयते ।
तत्सार्वकालिकं विद्धि दानमामरणान्तिकम् ॥ १४.९८.४५ ॥
Know that a gift which one brings oneself and gives with devotion to a worthy recipient is a gift for all times, lasting until death.
14.98.46
राजसं सात्विकं चापि तामसं च युधिष्ठिर ।
दानं दानफलं चैव गतिं च त्रिविधां शृणु ॥ १४.९८.४६ ॥
O Yudhiṣṭhira, hear of gifts of the rajas, the sattva and the tamas kind, their fruit, and the threefold destination.
14.98.47
दानं दातव्यमित्येव मतिं कृत्वा द्विजाय वै ।
उपकारवियुक्ताय यद्दत्तं तद्धि सात्विकम् ॥ १४.९८.४७ ॥
A gift given to a brahmin with the resolve that it must be given, free from any expectation of return, is a gift of the sattva kind.
14.98.48
श्रोत्रियाय दरिद्राय बहुभृत्याय पाण्डव ।
दीयते यत्प्रहृष्टेन तत्सात्विकमुदाहृतम् ॥ १४.९८.४८ ॥
O son of Pāṇḍu, that which is given with joy to a learned brahmin, poor and having many dependents, is declared to be a gift of the sattva kind.
14.98.49
वेदाक्षरविहीनाय यत्तु पूर्वोपकारिणे ।
समृद्धाय च यद्दत्तं तद्दानं राजसं स्मृतम् ॥ १४.९८.४९ ॥
A gift given to one ignorant of the Veda's syllables, to one who has formerly done a service, or to one who is prosperous, is remembered as a gift of passion.
14.98.50
संबन्धिने च यद्दत्तं प्रमत्ताय च पाण्डव ।
फलार्थिभिरपात्राय तद्दानं राजसं स्मृतम् ॥ १४.९८.५० ॥
O Pāṇḍava, a gift given to a kinsman, to one heedless, or to an unworthy person by those seeking a reward, is remembered as a gift of passion.
14.98.51
वैश्वदेवविहीनाय दानमश्रोत्रियाय च ।
दीयते तस्करायापि तद्दानं तामसं स्मृतम् ॥ १४.९८.५१ ॥
A gift given to one lacking the Vaiśvadeva rite, to one not learned in the Veda, and even to a thief, is remembered as a gift of darkness.
14.98.52
सरोषमवधूतं च क्लेशयुक्तमवज्ञया ।
सेवकाय च यद्दतं तत्तामसमुदाहृतम् ॥ १४.९८.५२ ॥
That which is given to a servant with anger, with contempt, with vexation, and with disdain, is declared to be a gift of darkness.
14.98.53
देवाः पितृगणाश्चैव मुनयश्चाग्नयस्तथा ।
सात्विकं दानमश्नन्ति तुष्यन्ति च नरेश्वर ॥ १४.९८.५३ ॥
The gods, the groups of ancestors, the sages, and likewise the fires partake of a gift of goodness and are pleased, O lord of men.
14.98.54
दानवा दैत्यसङ्गाश्च ग्रहा यक्षाः सराक्षसाः ।
राजसं दानमश्नन्ति वर्जितं पितृदैवतैः ॥ १४.९८.५४ ॥
The Dānavas, the companies of Daityas, the planetary spirits, the yakṣas together with the rākṣasas, eat the gift of passion, which is shunned by the ancestors and the gods.
14.98.55
पिशाचाः प्रेतसङ्घाश्च कश्मला ये मलीमसाः ।
तामसं दानमश्नन्ति गतिं च त्रिविधां शृणु ॥ १४.९८.५५ ॥
Piśācas, hosts of departed spirits, and the defiled impure kaśmalas consume the dark-quality gift. Hear now the threefold destiny.
14.98.56
सात्विकानां तु दानानामुत्तमं फलमश्नुते ।
मध्यमं राजसानां तु तामसानां तु पश्चिमम् ॥ १४.९८.५६ ॥
Of sattvic gifts one obtains the highest fruit; of rajasic gifts the middling, and of tamasic gifts the last.
14.98.57
अभिगम्योपनीतानां दानानामुत्तमं फलम् ।
मध्यमं तु समाहूय जघन्यं याचते फलम् ॥ १४.९८.५७ ॥
The fruit of gifts brought near (given by approaching) is the highest; of gifts given after summoning, the middling; but he who gives on being asked obtains the lowest fruit.
14.98.58
अयाचितप्रदाता यः स याति गतिमुत्तमाम् ।
समाहूय तु यो दद्यान्मध्यमां स गतिं व्रजेत्।
याचितो यश्च वै दद्याज्जघन्यां स गतिं व्रजेत् ॥ १४.९८.५८ ॥
He who gives unasked goes to the highest destiny; he who gives after summoning goes to the middling destiny; and he who gives when begged goes to the lowest destiny.
14.98.59
उत्तमा दैविकी ज्ञेया मध्यमा मानुषी गतिः ।
गतिर्जघन्या तिर्यक्षु गतिरेषा त्रिधा स्मृता ॥ १४.९८.५९ ॥
The highest destiny is to be known as divine, the middling as human; the lowest destiny is among animals. This destiny is recalled as threefold.
14.98.60
पात्रभूतेषु विप्रेषु संस्थितेष्वाहिताग्निषु ।
यत्तु निक्षिप्यते दानमक्षयं संप्रकीर्तितम् ॥ १४.९८.६० ॥
The gift placed in the hands of worthy brahmins who are established and keep the sacred fires is proclaimed imperishable.
14.98.61
श्रोत्रियाणां दरिद्राणां भरणं कुरु पार्थिव ।
समृद्धानां द्विजातीनां कुर्यास्तेषां तु रक्षणम् ॥ १४.९८.६१ ॥
Vaiśampāyana: O king, support the poor learned brahmins; and protect the prosperous twice-born.
14.98.62
दरिद्रान्वित्तहीनांश्च प्रदानैः सुष्ठु पूजय ।
आतुरस्यैषधैः कार्यं नीरुजस्य किमौषधैः ॥ १४.९८.६२ ॥
Vaiśampāyana: Honour the poor and the wealthless well with gifts. The sick must be treated with medicine; what need has the healthy one of medicine?
14.98.63
पापं प्रतिग्रहीतारं प्रदातुरपगच्छति ।
प्रतिग्रहीतुर्यत्पुण्यं प्रदातारमुपैति तत्।
तस्माद्दानं सदा कार्यं परत्र हितमिच्छता ॥ १४.९८.६३ ॥
A giver's sin passes to the receiver, and the merit of the receiver reaches the giver. Therefore one who desires welfare in the next world should always give gifts.
14.98.64
वेदविद्यावदातेषु सदा शूद्रान्नवर्जिषु ।
प्रयत्नेन विधातव्यो महादानमयो निधिः ॥ १४.९८.६४ ॥
To brahmins purified by knowledge of the Veda, who refuse food from a śūdra, gifts should always be given with effort; this is a treasure made of great gifts.
14.98.65
येषां दाराः प्रतीक्षन्ते सहस्रस्येव लम्भनम् ।
भुक्तशेषस्य भक्तस्य तान्निमन्त्रय पाण्डव ॥ १४.९८.६५ ॥
Those whose wives await the leftovers of the meal as if it were a thousandfold gain, O Pāṇḍava, invite those devoted ones.
14.98.66
आमन्त्र्य तु निराशानि न कर्तव्यानि भारत ।
कुलानि सुदरिद्राणि तेषामाशा हता भवेत् ॥ १४.९८.६६ ॥
O Bhārata, having invited them, one must not leave them disappointed; the hope of very poor families would be destroyed.
14.98.67
मद्भक्ता ये नरश्रेष्ठ मद्गता मत्परायणाः ।
मद्याजिनो मन्नियमास्तान्प्रयत्नेन पूजयेत् ॥ १४.९८.६७ ॥
O best of men, those who are my devotees, who have gone to me, who are intent on me, who sacrifice to me, and who are bound by my observances — they should be honored with care.
14.98.68
तेषां तु पावनायाहं नित्यमेव युधिष्ठिर ।
उभे सन्ध्येऽधितिष्ठामि ह्यस्कन्नं तद्व्रतं मम ॥ १४.९८.६८ ॥
O Yudhiṣṭhira, for their purification I always stand by them at both twilights, for my vow is unfailing.
14.98.69
तस्मादष्टाक्षरं मन्त्रं मद्भक्तैर्वीतकल्मषैः ।
सन्ध्याकाले तु जप्तव्यं सततं चात्मशुद्धये ॥ १४.९८.६९ ॥
Therefore my devotees, free from sin, should constantly recite the eight-syllabled mantra at twilight, also for the purification of the self.
14.98.70
अन्येषामपि विप्राणां किल्बिषं हि विनश्यति ।
उभे सन्ध्येप्युपासीत तस्माद्विप्रो विशुद्धये। ॥ १४.९८.७० ॥
The sin of other brahmins too is destroyed; therefore a brahmin should attend to both twilights for purification.
14.98.71
दैवे श्राद्धेपि विप्रः स नियोक्तव्योऽजुगुप्सया ।
जुगुप्सितस्तु यः श्राद्धं दहत्यग्निरिवेन्धनम् ॥ १४.९८.७१ ॥
Even at the offering to the gods and the ancestral rite, such a brahmin should be appointed without disdain; but a despised one burns the ancestral rite as fire burns fuel.
14.98.72
भारतं मानवो धर्मो वेदाः साङ्गाश्चिकित्सितम् ।
आज्ञासिद्धानि चत्वारि न हन्तव्यानि हेतुभिः ॥ १४.९८.७२ ॥
The Mahābhārata, the dharma of Manu, the Vedas with their limbs, and medicine — these four are established by command and should not be rejected by arguments.
14.98.73
न ब्राह्मणान्परीक्षेत दैवे कर्मणि धर्मवित् ।
महान्भवेत्परीवादो ब्राह्मणानां परीक्षणे ॥ १४.९८.७३ ॥
A knower of dharma should not test brahmins in a divine rite; great reproach comes from testing brahmins.
14.98.74
ब्राह्मणानां परीवादं यः कुर्यात्स नराधमः ।
रासभानां शुनां योनिं गच्छेत्पुरुषदूषकः ॥ १४.९८.७४ ॥
He who slanders brahmins is the lowest of men; the defiler of men goes to the wombs of donkeys and dogs.
14.98.75
श्वत्वं प्राप्नोति निन्दित्वा परीवादात्खरो भवेत् ।
कृमिर्भवत्यभिभवात्कीटो भवति मत्सरात् ॥ १४.९८.७५ ॥
By reviling he attains the state of a dog; by slander he becomes a donkey. By contempt he becomes a worm, and by envy an insect.
14.98.76
दुर्वृत्ता वा सुवृत्ता वा प्राकृता वा सुसंस्कृताः ।
ब्राह्मणा नावमन्तव्या भस्मच्छन्ना इवाग्नयः ॥ १४.९८.७६ ॥
Whether ill-conducted or well-conducted, ordinary or well-cultured, brahmins must not be disrespected; they are like fires covered with ash.
14.98.77
क्षत्रियं चैव सर्पं च ब्राह्मणं च बहुश्रुतम् ।
नावमन्येत मेधावी कृशानपि कदाचन ॥ १४.९८.७७ ॥
A wise man should never disregard a kshatriya, a serpent, or a deeply learned brahmin, even if they are weak.
14.98.78
एतत्त्रयं हि पुरुषं निर्दहेदवमानितम् ।
तस्मादेतत्प्रयत्नेन नावमन्येत बुद्धिमान् ॥ १४.९८.७८ ॥
These three, when disrespected, burn a man to ashes; therefore the wise man should take care never to disrespect them.
14.98.79
यथा सर्वास्ववस्थासु पावको दैवतं महत् ।
तथा सर्वास्ववस्थासु ब्राह्मणो दैवतं महत् ॥ १४.९८.७९ ॥
As fire is a great deity in every condition, so the brahmin is a great deity in every condition.
14.98.80
व्यङ्गाः काणाश्च कुब्जाश्च वामनाङ्गास्तथैव च ।
सर्वे दैवे नियोक्तव्या व्यामिश्रा वेदपारगैः ॥ १४.९८.८० ॥
The maimed, the one-eyed, the hunchbacked and the dwarfish should all be employed in the sacred work of the gods, mixed in with others, by those who have mastered the Vedas.
14.98.81
मन्युं नोत्पादयेत्तेषां न चारिष्टं समाचरेत् ।
मन्युप्रहरणा विप्रा न विप्राः शश्त्रपाणयः ॥ १४.९८.८१ ॥
One should not stir anger against them, nor do them harm. Brahmins have anger as their weapon, not weapons in their hands.
14.98.82
मन्युना घ्नन्ति ते शत्रून्वज्रेणेन्द्र इवासुरान् ।
ब्राह्मणो हि महद्दैवं जातिमात्रेण जायते ॥ १४.९८.८२ ॥
With anger they strike down their enemies, as Indra strikes the asuras with the thunderbolt. The brahmin, indeed, is born a great deity by birth alone.
14.98.83
ब्राह्मणः सर्वभूतानां धर्मकोशस्य गुप्तये ।
किं पुनर्ये च कौन्तेय सन्ध्यां नित्यमुपासते ॥ १४.९८.८३ ॥
The brahmin exists for the protection of all beings and of the treasury of dharma. What then, son of Kuntī, of those who constantly perform the twilight worship!
14.98.84
यस्यास्येन समश्नन्ति हव्यानि त्रिदिवौकसः ।
कव्यानि चैव पितरः किं भूतमधिकं ततः ॥ १४.९८.८४ ॥
Through whose mouth the dwellers of heaven consume the oblations and the ancestors their offerings, what being could be higher than that?
14.98.85
उत्पत्तिरेव विप्रस्य मूर्तिधर्मस्य शाश्वती ।
स हि धर्मार्थमुत्पन्नो ब्रह्मभूयाय कल्पते ॥ १४.९८.८५ ॥
The very birth of a brahmin is the eternal embodiment of dharma. Born for the sake of dharma, he is fit to attain the state of Brahman.
14.98.86
स्वमेव ब्राह्मणो भुङ्क्ते स्वं वस्ते स्वं ददाति च ।
आनृशंस्याद्ब्राह्मणस्य भुञ्जते हीतरे जनाः।
तस्मात्ते नावमन्तव्या मद्भक्ता हि द्विजाः सदा ॥ १४.९८.८६ ॥
A brahmin eats only what is his own, dwells in what is his own, and gives what is his own. Other people enjoy their portion through the brahmin's compassion. Therefore the twice-born who are my devotees must never be despised.
14.98.87
आरण्यकोपनिषदि ये तु पश्यन्ति मां द्विजाः ।
निगूढं निष्कलावस्थं तान्प्रयत्नेन पूजय ॥ १४.९८.८७ ॥
Honour with effort those twice-born who, in the Āraṇyaka and the Upaniṣads, see me hidden, in my partless state.
14.98.88
स्वगृहे वा प्रवासे वा दिवारात्रमथापि वा ।
श्रद्धया ब्राह्मणाः पूज्या मद्भक्ता ये च पाण्डव ॥ १४.९८.८८ ॥
Whether at home or abroad, by day or by night, brahmins should be honoured with faith; and those who are my devotees, O Pāṇḍava, are worthy of honour too.
14.98.89
नास्ति विप्रसमं दैवं नास्ति विप्रसमो गुरुः ।
नास्ति विप्रात्परो बन्धुर्नास्ति विप्रात्परो निधिः।
नास्ति विप्रात्परं तीर्थं न पुण्यं ब्राह्मणात्परम्। ॥ १४.९८.८९ ॥
There is no god equal to a brahmin, and no teacher equal to a brahmin. There is no kinsman higher than a brahmin, and no treasure higher than a brahmin. There is no sacred ford higher than a brahmin, and no merit higher than a brahmin.
14.98.90
न पवित्रं परं विप्रान्न द्विजात्पावनं परम् ।
नास्ति विप्राप्तरो धर्मो नास्ति विप्रात्परा गतिः ॥ १४.९८.९० ॥
There is nothing purer than a brahmin, nothing more purifying than a twice-born. There is no dharma higher than a brahmin, no goal higher than a brahmin.
14.98.91
पापकर्मसमाक्षिप्तं पतन्तं नरके नरम् ।
त्रायते पात्रमप्येकं पात्रभूते तु तद्द्विजे ॥ १४.९८.९१ ॥
A man falling into hell, hurled down by his sinful deeds, is saved even by one worthy recipient; and that is a twice-born.
14.98.92
बालाहिताग्नयो ये च शान्ताः शूद्रान्नवर्जिताः ।
मामर्चयन्ति तद्भक्तास्तेभ्यो दत्तमिहाक्षयम् ॥ १४.९८.९२ ॥
To those, devoted to Me, who keep the sacred fire tended by boys, who are calm and abstain from a śūdra's food and worship Me, what is given here is imperishable.
14.98.93
प्रदानैः पूजितो विप्रो वन्दितो वापि संस्कृतः ।
सम्भाषितो वा दृष्टो वा मद्भक्तो दिवमुन्नयेत् ॥ १४.९८.९३ ॥
A brahmin honored with gifts, saluted, rightly respected, addressed, or even merely seen—if he is My devotee—lifts a man up to heaven.
14.98.94
ये पठन्ति नमस्यन्ति ध्यायन्ति पुरुषास्तु माम् ।
स तान्स्पृष्ट्वा च दृष्ट्वा च नरः पापैः प्रमुच्यते ॥ १४.९८.९४ ॥
Men who recite Me, bow to Me and meditate upon Me: a man who touches or even sees them is wholly freed from sins.
14.98.95
मद्भक्ता मद्गतप्राणा मद्गीता मत्परायणाः ।
बीजयोनिविशुद्धा यै श्रोत्रियाः संयतेन्द्रियाः।
शूद्रान्नविरता नित्यं ते पुनन्तीह दर्शनात् ॥ १४.९८.९५ ॥
My devotees, whose life-breath is fixed on Me, who sing of Me, are wholly intent on Me, pure in seed and womb, learned in the Veda, with restrained senses, and who always abstain from a śūdra's food: they purify by being seen here.
14.98.96
स्वंय नीत्वा विशेषेण दानं तेषां गृहेष्वथ ।
निवापयेत्तु यद्भक्त्या तद्दानं कोटिसंमितम् ॥ १४.९८.९६ ॥
A gift that one carries oneself, and especially offers with devotion in their homes, is equal to a crore of gifts.
14.98.97
जाग्रतः स्वपतो वापि प्रवासेषु गृहेष्वथ ।
हृदये न प्रणश्यामि यस्य विप्रस्य भावतः ॥ १४.९८.९७ ॥
Whether awake or asleep, abroad or at home, in the heart of the brahmin in whom, through devotion, I never perish.
14.98.98
स पूजितो वा दृष्टो वा स्पृष्टो वापि द्विजोत्तमः ।
सम्भाषितो वा राजेन्द्र पुनात्येव नरं सदा ॥ १४.९८.९८ ॥
Whether that best of the twice-born is honored, seen, touched, or addressed in speech, O lord of kings, he always purifies a man.
14.98.99
एवं सर्वास्ववस्थासु सर्वदानानि पाण्डव ।
मद्भक्तेभ्यः प्रदत्तानि स्वर्गमार्गप्रदानि वै ॥ १४.९८.९९ ॥
Thus, in every condition, O Pāṇḍava, all gifts given to my devotees bestow the path to heaven.