Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 14.99
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14.99.1
श्रुत्वैवं सात्विकं दानं राजसं तामसं तथा ।
पृथक्पृथक्त्वेन गतिं फलं चापि पृथक्पृथक् ॥ १४.९९.१ ॥
Having heard thus of gifts of the sattva, rajas and tamas kinds, and also their separate courses and fruits,
14.99.2
अवितृप्तः प्रहृष्टात्मा पुण्यं धर्मामृतं पुनः ।
युधिष्ठिरो धर्मरतः केशवं पुनरब्रवीत् ॥ १४.९९.२ ॥
Still unsatisfied, his heart rejoicing in the meritorious nectar of dharma, Yudhiṣṭhira, delighting in dharma, again spoke to Keśava.
14.99.3
बीजयोनिविशुद्धानां लक्षणानि वदस्व मे ।
बीजदोषेण लोकेश जायन्ते च कथं नराः ॥ १४.९९.३ ॥
Tell me the marks of those purified in seed and womb. O lord of worlds, how are men born through a fault of the seed?
14.99.4
आचारदोषं देवेशं वक्तुगर्हस्यशेषतः ।
ब्राह्मणानां विशेषं च गुणदोषौ च केशव ॥ १४.९९.४ ॥
O lord of gods, you ought to speak fully of the fault of conduct, the distinction of brahmins, and their virtues and faults, O Keśava.
14.99.5
चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य कुत्स्नस्य वर्तमानाः प्रतिग्रहे ।
केन विप्रा विशेषेण तरन्ते तारयन्ति च।
एतान्कथय देवेश त्वद्भक्तस्य नमोस्तु ते ॥ १४.९९.५ ॥
Among all four varṇas, those who are engaged in receiving gifts — how do brahmins in particular cross over and cause others to cross? Tell me these things, O lord of gods. Homage be to you, your devotee.
14.99.6
शृणु राजन्यथावृत्तं बीजयोनिं शुभाशुभम् ।
येन तिष्ठति लोकोयं विनश्यति च पाण्डव ॥ १४.९९.६ ॥
Listen, O king, as it truly is, to the good and bad of seed and womb, by which this world endures and is destroyed, O Pāṇḍava.
14.99.7
अविप्लुतब्रह्मचर्यो यस्तु विप्रो यथाविधि ।
स बीजं नाम विज्ञेयं तस्य बीजं शुभं भवेत् ॥ १४.९९.७ ॥
The brahmin who keeps unbroken celibate discipline according to the rule — he should be known as the 'seed'; his seed is auspicious.
14.99.8
कन्या चाक्षतयोनिः स्यात्कुलीना पितृमातृतः ।
ब्राह्मणादिषु विवाहेषु परिणीता यथाविधि।
सा प्रशस्ता वरारोहा तस्या योनिः प्रशस्यते ॥ १४.९९.८ ॥
A maiden with an unbroken womb, of good family on both her father's and mother's side, given in marriage according to the rule in brahmin and similar marriages — she is praised; the womb of that fair-hipped woman is commended.
14.99.9
मनसा कर्मणा वाचा या गच्छेत्परपूरुषम् ।
योनिस्तस्या नरश्रेष्ठ गर्भाधानं न चार्हति ॥ १४.९९.९ ॥
The womb of a woman who goes in mind, deed and speech to another man, O best of men, does not deserve conception.
14.99.10
स्वैरिण्या यस्तु पापात्मा संतानार्थमिहेच्छति ।
स कुलान्पातयत्याशु दशपूर्वान्दशापरान् ॥ १४.९९.१० ॥
The sinful man who here desires offspring from a wanton woman quickly brings down families, ten generations before and ten after.
14.99.11
दुष्टयोनौ तु यो मोहाद्रेतः सिञ्चति मूढधीः ।
तद्रेतसा समुत्पन्नः षडङ्गविदपि द्विजः।
साधुभिः स बहिष्कार्यः श्वापाक इव पार्थिवा ॥ १४.९९.११ ॥
The dull-minded man who out of delusion sprinkles seed into a defiled womb — the twice-born born of that seed, though learned in the six Vedāṅgas, should be cast out by the good like a dog-cooker, O king.
14.99.12
कर्मणा मनसा वाचा या भवेत्स्वैरचारिणी ।
सा कुलघ्रीति विज्ञेया तस्यां जातः श्वपाचकः ॥ १४.९९.१२ ॥
The woman who by deed, mind and speech is wanton and free-roaming should be known as a destroyer of her family; the son born of her is a dog-cooker.
14.99.13
दैवे पित्र्ये तथा दाने भोजने सहभाषणे ।
शयने सहसंबन्धे न योग्या दृष्टयोनिजाः ॥ १४.९९.१३ ॥
In sacred rites, rites for the ancestors, gifts, meals, conversation together, lying together and kinship bonds, those born of a known tainted womb are not fit.
14.99.14
न तस्माद्दुष्टयोन्यां तु गर्भमुत्पादयेद्बुधः ।
मोहेन कुरुते यस्तु कुलं हन्ति त्रिपूरुषम् ॥ १४.९९.१४ ॥
Therefore a wise man should not beget offspring in a tainted womb. He who does so through delusion destroys his family for three generations.
14.99.15
कानीकनश्च सहोञश्च तथोभौ कुण्डगोलकै ।
आरूढपतिताज्जातः परितस्यापि यः सुतः।
षडेते विप्रचण्डाला निकृष्टाः श्वपचादपि ॥ १४.९९.१५ ॥
Kānīka and Sahoña, likewise both the kuṇḍa and the golaka, and the son born of an ārūḍha or of a fallen woman—these six are brahmin outcastes, lower even than the dog-cooker.
14.99.16
यो यत्र तत्र वा रेतः सिक्त्वा शूद्रासु वा चरेत् ।
कामचारी स पापात्मा बीजं तस्याशुभं भवेत् ॥ १४.९९.१६ ॥
He who sprinkles his seed wherever he goes, and roams with Śūdra women, is a follower of desire and sinful at heart; his seed becomes inauspicious.
14.99.17
अशुद्धं तद्भवेद्बीजं शुद्धां योनि न चार्हति ।
दूषयत्यपि तां योनिं शुना लीढं हविर्यथा ॥ १४.९९.१७ ॥
That seed becomes impure and does not deserve a pure womb. It defiles even that womb, as an oblation licked by a dog.
14.99.18
शूद्रयोनौ पतेद्बीजं हाहाशब्दं द्विजन्मनः ।
कुर्यात्पुरीषगर्तेषु पतितोऽस्मीति दुःखितः ॥ १४.९९.१८ ॥
If the seed of a twice-born man falls into a Śūdra womb, he should cry out 'alas, alas!' and, grieving like one fallen into a pit of filth, say: 'I have fallen.'
14.99.19
मामधःपातयन्नेष पापात्मा काममोहितः ।
अधोगतिं प्रजोत्क्षिप्रमिति शप्त्वा पतेत्तु तत् ॥ १४.९९.१९ ॥
This sinful-souled man, deluded by desire, is casting me down. Having cursed, 'Let his offspring quickly come to a downward course,' may he himself fall.
14.99.20
आत्मा हि शुक्लमुद्दिष्टं दैवतं परमं महत् ।
तस्मात्सर्वप्रयत्नेन निरुन्ध्याच्छुक्लमात्मनः ॥ १४.९९.२० ॥
The self is declared to be the pure (white), the supreme and great deity. Therefore one should restrain one's own white (seed) with every effort.
14.99.21
आयुस्तेजो बलं वीर्यं प्रज्ञा श्रीश्च महद्यशः ।
पुण्यं च मत्प्रियत्वं च लभते ब्रह्मचर्यया ॥ १४.९९.२१ ॥
Long life, radiance, strength, vigor, wisdom, fortune, great fame, merit, and being dear to me — through brahmacharya one obtains these.
14.99.22
अविप्लुतब्रह्मचर्यैर्गृहस्थश्रममाश्रितैः ।
पञ्चयज्ञपरैर्धर्मः स्थाप्यते पृथिवीतले ॥ १४.९९.२२ ॥
By those whose celibacy is unbroken, who have taken up the householder stage and are devoted to the five sacrifices, dharma is established upon the earth.
14.99.23
सायंप्रातस्तु ये सन्ध्यां सम्यङ्नित्यमुपासते ।
नावं वेदमयीं कृत्वा तरन्ते तारयन्ति च ॥ १४.९९.२३ ॥
Those who constantly and properly perform the twilight worship at evening and morning, having made a boat of the Vedas, cross over and carry others across too.
14.99.24
यो जपेत्पावनीं देवीं गायत्रीं वेदमातरम् ।
न सीदेत्प्रतिगृह्णानः पृथिवीं च ससागराम् ॥ १४.९९.२४ ॥
He who recites the purifying goddess Gāyatrī, mother of the Vedas, does not sink even while accepting gifts — even if he accepts the earth with its oceans.
14.99.25
ये चास्य दुःस्थिताः केचिद्ग्रहाः सूर्यादयो दिवि ।
ते चास्य सौम्या जायन्ते शिवाः शुभकरास्तथा ॥ १४.९९.२५ ॥
And whatever ill-placed planets there are in the sky, beginning with the sun, become gentle, auspicious and beneficial for him.
14.99.26
यत्र यत्र स्थिताश्चैव दारुणाः पिशिताशनाः ।
घोररूपा महाकाया धर्षयन्ति न तं द्विजम् ॥ १४.९९.२६ ॥
Wherever terrible flesh-eating creatures of dreadful form and huge bodies may be, they do not assail that twice-born man.
14.99.27
पुनन्तीह पृथिव्यां च चीर्णवेदव्रता नराः ।
चतुर्णामपि वेदानां सा हि राजन्गरीयसी ॥ १४.९९.२७ ॥
Men who have completed the Vedic vows purify here on earth; O king, that is weightier even than all four Vedas.
14.99.28
अचीर्णिव्रतवेदा ये विकर्मफलमाश्रिताः ।
ब्राह्ममा नाममात्रेण तेऽपि पूज्या युधिष्ठिर।
किं पुनर्यस्तु सन्ध्ये द्वे नित्यमेवोपतिष्ठते ॥ १४.९९.२८ ॥
Even brahmins in name only, who have not kept the Vedic vows and rely on the fruits of evil deeds, are to be honored, O Yudhiṣṭhira; how much more so one who worships constantly at both twilights.
14.99.29
शीलमध्ययनं दानं शौचं मार्दवमार्जवम् ।
तस्माद्वेदाद्विशिष्टानि मनुराह प्रजापतिः ॥ १४.९९.२९ ॥
Good conduct, study, giving, purity, gentleness and straightforwardness — Manu, lord of creatures, declared these superior even to the Veda.
14.99.30
भूर्भुवस्स्वरिति ब्रह्म यो वेदनिरतो द्विजः ।
स्वदारनिरतो दान्तः स विद्वान्स च भूसुरः ॥ १४.९९.३० ॥
The twice-born who is devoted to the sacred formula "bhūḥ bhuvaḥ svaḥ" and to the Veda, devoted only to his own wife and self-controlled — he is learned, and he is an earth-god.
14.99.31
सन्ध्यामुपासते ये वै नित्यमेव द्विजोत्तमाः ।
ते यान्ति नरशार्दूल ब्रह्मलोकं न संशयः ॥ १४.९९.३१ ॥
Tiger among men, the best of twice-born men who always perform the twilight worship go to the world of Brahmā, without doubt.
14.99.32
सावित्रीमात्रसारोपि वरो विप्रः सुयन्त्रितः ।
नायन्त्रितश्चतुर्वेदी सर्वाशी सर्वविक्रयी ॥ १४.९९.३२ ॥
A brahmin who has only the essence of the Sāvitrī but is well restrained is excellent; the four-Veda knower who is unrestrained eats everything and sells everything.
14.99.33
सावित्रीं चैव वेदांश्च तुलयाऽतोलयन्पुरा ।
सदेवर्षिगणाश्चैव सर्वे ब्रह्मपुरस्सराः।
चतुर्णामपि वेदानां सा हि राजन्गरीयसी ॥ १४.९९.३३ ॥
In former times the gods and groups of sages, all led by Brahmā, weighed the Sāvitrī and the Vedas on a balance; O king, she alone was weightier than all four Vedas.
14.99.34
यथा विकसिते पुष्पे मधु गृह्णन्ति षट्पदाः ।
एवं गृहीता सावित्री सर्ववेदे च पाण्डवः ॥ १४.९९.३४ ॥
As bees gather honey from an opened flower, so, O Pāṇḍava, the Sāvitrī is grasped within all the Vedas.
14.99.35
तस्मात्तु सर्ववेदानां सावित्री प्राण उच्यते ।
निर्जीवा हीतरे वेदा विना सावित्रिया नृपः ॥ १४.९९.३५ ॥
Therefore the Sāvitrī is called the life-breath of all the Vedas; O king, without the Sāvitrī the other Vedas are indeed lifeless.
14.99.36
नायन्त्रितश्चतुर्वेदी शीलभ्रष्टः स कुत्सितः ।
शीलवृत्तसमायुक्तः सावित्रीपाठको वरः ॥ १४.९९.३६ ॥
The unrestrained knower of the four Vedas has fallen from good conduct and is despicable; the reciter of the Sāvitrī endowed with good character and conduct is the excellent one.
14.99.37
सहस्रपरमां देवीं शतमध्यां दशावराम् ।
सावित्रीं जप कौतेय सर्वपापप्रणाशिनीम् ॥ १४.९९.३७ ॥
Son of Kuntī, recite the goddess Sāvitrī, a thousand-fold supreme, a hundred-fold middling, ten-fold lowest, destroyer of all sins.
14.99.38
त्रैलोक्यनाथ हे कृष्ण सर्वभूतात्मको ह्यसि ।
नानायोगपर श्रेष्ठ तुष्यसे केन कर्मणा ॥ १४.९९.३८ ॥
Lord of the three worlds, Kṛṣṇa, you are the self of all beings. Best of those devoted to many yogas, by what action are you pleased?
14.99.39
यदि भारसहस्रं तु गुग्गुल्वादि प्रधूपयेत् ।
करोति चेन्नमस्कारमुपहारं च कारयेत् ॥ १४.९९.३९ ॥
If one burns a thousand loads of guggulu and the like as incense, makes obeisance, and also causes offerings to be made,
14.99.40
स्तौति यः स्तुतिभिर्मां च ऋग्यजुस्सामभिः सदा ।
न तोषयति चेद्धिप्रान्नाहं तुष्यामि भारत ॥ १४.९९.४० ॥
One who always praises me with the hymns of the Ṛg, Yajus and Sāma, but does not please the brahmins—O Bhārata, I am not pleased.
14.99.41
ब्राह्मणे पूजिते नित्यं पूजितोस्मि न संशयः ।
आक्रुष्टे चाहमाक्रुष्टो भवामि भरतर्षभ ॥ १४.९९.४१ ॥
When a brahmin is always honored, I am honored, without doubt; when he is reviled, I too am reviled, O bull of the Bharatas.
14.99.42
परा मयि गतिस्तेषां पूजयन्ति द्विजं हि ये ।
यदहं द्विजरूपेण वसामि वसुधातले ॥ १४.९९.४२ ॥
Those who honor the brahmin have their supreme goal in me, for I dwell upon the surface of the earth in the form of a brahmin.
14.99.43
यस्तान्पूजयति प्राज्ञो मद्गतेनान्तरात्मना ।
तमहं स्वेन रूपेण पश्यामि नरपुङ्गव ॥ १४.९९.४३ ॥
The wise man who honours them, with his inner self turned toward me, I see him in my own form, O best of men.
14.99.44
कुब्जाः काणा वामनाश्च दरिद्रा व्याधितास्तथा ।
नावमान्या द्विजाः प्राज्ञैर्मम रूपा हि ते द्विजाः ॥ १४.९९.४४ ॥
Hunchbacks, one-eyed men, dwarfs, the poor, and the sick likewise — wise men should not disdain those brahmins; they are my forms.
14.99.45
ये केचित्सागरान्तायां पृथिव्यां द्विजसत्तमाः ।
मम रूपं हि तेष्वेवमर्चितेष्वर्चितोऽस्म्यहम् ॥ १४.९९.४५ ॥
Whichever excellent brahmins there are on the earth up to the ocean's shore — my form is in them; when they are honoured, I am honoured.
14.99.46
बहवस्तु न जानन्ति नरा ज्ञानबहिष्कृताः ।
यदहं द्विजरूपेण वसामि वसुधातले ॥ १४.९९.४६ ॥
But many men, cut off from knowledge, do not know that I dwell on the surface of the earth in the form of a brahmin.
14.99.47
अवमन्यन्ति ये विप्रान्स्वधर्मान्पातयन्ति ते ।
प्रेषणैः प्रेषयन्ते च शुश्रूषां कारयन्ति च ॥ १४.९९.४७ ॥
Those who disdain brahmins fall from their own duties; they send them on errands and make them perform service.
14.99.48
मृतांश्चात्र परत्रेमान्यमदूता महाबलाः ।
निकृन्तन्ति यथाकामं सूत्रमार्गेण शिल्पिनः ॥ १४.९९.४८ ॥
Those who have died here and in the hereafter, the mighty messengers of Yama cut at will, as craftsmen cut along the line of a thread.
14.99.49
आक्रोशपरिवादाभ्यां ये रमन्ते द्विजातिषु ।
तान्मृतान्यमलोकस्थान्निपात्य पृथिवीतले ॥ १४.९९.४९ ॥
Those who delight in abusing and reviling the twice-born, the dead who dwell in Yama's realm are cast down upon the surface of the earth...
14.99.50
आक्रम्योरसि पादेन क्रूरः संरक्तलोचनः ।
अग्निवर्णैस्तु संदंशैर्यमो जिह्वां समुद्धरेत् ॥ १४.९९.५० ॥
Pressing his foot upon the chest, the cruel Yama, with reddened eyes, pulls out his tongue with tongs the colour of fire...
14.99.51
ये च विप्रान्निरीक्षन्ते पापाः पापेन चक्षुषा ।
अब्रह्मण्याः श्रुतेर्बाह्या नित्यं ब्रह्मद्विषो नराः ॥ १४.९९.५१ ॥
The sinful men who look upon brahmins with a sinful gaze, who show no respect for brahmins, who stand outside the Veda, and who are always hostile to the brahman...
14.99.52
तेषां घोरा महाकाया वक्रतुण्डा महाबलाः ।
उद्धरन्ति मुहूर्तेन स्वगाश्चक्षुर्यमाज्ञया ॥ १४.९९.५२ ॥
Their terrible, huge-bodied, crooked-beaked, very mighty servants drag them out in an instant, by Yama's command...
14.99.53
यः प्रहारं द्विजेन्द्राय दद्यात्कुर्याच्च शोणितम् ।
अस्थिभङ्गं च यः कुर्यात्प्राणैर्वा विप्रयोजयेत्।
सोनुपूर्व्येण यातीमान्नरकानेकविंशतिम् ॥ १४.९९.५३ ॥
He who strikes a foremost twice-born, draws blood, breaks his bones, or separates him from life, goes in due order to these twenty-one hells...
14.99.54
शूलमारोप्यते पश्चाज्ज्वलने परिपच्यते ।
बहुवर्षसहस्राणि पच्यमानस्त्ववाक्छिराः।
नावमुच्येत दुर्मेदा न तस्य क्षीयते गतिः ॥ १४.९९.५४ ॥
Afterwards he is impaled on a stake and cooked thoroughly in the fire. Roasting head-downward for many thousands of years, the dull-witted one is not released; the course of his fate is never exhausted...
14.99.55
ब्राह्मणान्वा विचार्यैव व्रजन्तै वधकाङ्क्षया ।
शतर्वषसहस्राणि तामिस्रे परिपच्यते ॥ १४.९९.५५ ॥
Those who, having deliberated, go with the desire to kill brahmins are cooked in the hell Tāmisra for hundreds of thousands of years.
14.99.56
उत्पाद्य शोणितं गात्रात्संरंभमतिपूर्वकम् ।
सपर्ययेण यातीमान्नरकानेकविंशतिम् ॥ १४.९९.५६ ॥
He who, in extreme fury, draws blood from a body goes in turn through these twenty-one hells.
14.99.57
तस्मान्नाकुशलं ब्रूयान्न शुष्कां गतिमीरयेत् ।
न ब्रूयात्परुषां वाणीं न चैवैनानतिक्रमेत् ॥ १४.९९.५७ ॥
Therefore one should not speak inauspiciously, should not set a dry course, should not speak harsh words, and should not transgress against them.
14.99.58
ये विप्राञ्श्लक्ष्णया वाचा पूजयन्ति नरोत्तमाः ।
अर्चितश्च स्तुतश्चैव तैर्भवामि न संशयः ॥ १४.९९.५८ ॥
Those excellent men who honour brahmins with gentle speech — by them I, worshipped and praised, am indeed made manifest, without doubt.
14.99.59
तर्जयन्ति च ये विप्रान्क्रोशयन्ति च भारत ।
आक्रुष्टस्तर्जितश्चाहं तैर्भवामि न संशयः ॥ १४.९९.५९ ॥
O Bhārata, those who threaten brahmins and revile them — by them I, reviled and threatened, am indeed made manifest, without doubt.
14.99.60
यश्चन्दनैश्चागरुधूपदीपै-
रभ्यर्चयेत्काष्ठमयीं ममार्चाम्।
तेनार्चितो नैव भवामि सम्य-
ग्विप्रार्चनादस्मि समर्चितोऽहम् ॥ १४.९९.६० ॥
He who worships my wooden image with sandalwood, aloe incense and lamps is not truly worshipped by me; I am fully worshipped only through the worship of brahmins.
14.99.61
विप्रप्रसादाद्धरणीधरोऽहं ।
विप्रप्रसादादसुराञ्जयामि।
विप्रप्रसादाच्च सदक्षिणोऽहं ।
विप्रप्रसादादजितोऽहमस्मि ॥ १४.९९.६१ ॥
By the grace of the brahmins I bear up the earth. By the grace of the brahmins I conquer the asuras. By the grace of the brahmins I am endowed with the sacrificial fee. By the grace of the brahmins I am unconquered.