Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 3.209
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3.209.1
कश्चिद्द्विजातिप्रवरो वेदाध्यायी तपोधनः ।
तपस्वी धर्मशीलश्च कौशिको नाम भारत ॥ ३.२०९.१ ॥
There was a certain foremost of the twice-born, a reciter of the Vedas, whose wealth was asceticism, an ascetic of virtuous conduct, named Kauśika, O Bhārata.
3.209.2
साङ्गोपनिषदान्वेदानधीते द्विजसत्तमः ।
सवृक्षमूले कस्मिंश्चिद्वेदानुच्चारयन्स्थितः ॥ ३.२०९.२ ॥
That best of the twice-born studied the Vedas together with their auxiliaries and Upaniṣads; standing at the foot of a tree in a certain place, he was reciting the Vedas aloud.
3.209.3
उपरिष्टाच्च वृक्षस्य बलाका संन्यलीयत ।
तया पुरीषमुत्सृष्टं ब्राह्मणस्य तदोपरि ॥ ३.२०९.३ ॥
Above the tree a crane came and settled, and it dropped its dung upon the brahmin.
3.209.4
समवेक्ष्यततः क्रुद्धः सममध्यायत द्विजः ।
तां बलकां महाराज निलीनां नगमूर्धनि ॥ ३.२०९.४ ॥
Then the brahmin, looking up and angered at once, fixed his thought on that crane, O great king, hidden at the treetop.
3.209.5
भृशं क्रोधाभिभूतेन बलाका सा निरीक्षिता ।
अपध्याता च विप्रेण न्यपतद्धरणीतले ॥ ३.२०९.५ ॥
Overcome by great anger, the brahmin looked at that crane; cursed by the brahmin, it fell down to the ground.
3.209.6
बलाकां पतितां दृष्ट्वा गतसत्वामचेतनाम् ।
कारुण्यादभिसंतप्तः पर्यशोचत तां द्विजः।
अकार्यं कृतवानस्मि द्वेषरागबलात्कृतः ॥ ३.२०९.६ ॥
Seeing the crane fallen, lifeless and senseless, the brahmin, greatly distressed out of pity, lamented over her: "I have done a wrong deed, driven by the force of hatred and attachment."
3.209.7
इत्युक्ताव बहुशो विद्वान्ग्रामं भैक्षाय संश्रितः ।
ग्रामे शुचीनि प्रचरन्कुलानि भरतर्षभ ॥ ३.२०९.७ ॥
Thus having said it many times, the learned man went to the village for alms, going among the pure households in the village, O bull of the Bharatas.
3.209.8
देहीति याचमानोऽसौ तिष्ठेत्युक्तः स्त्रिया ततः ।
शौचं तु यावत्कुरुते भाजनस्य कुटुम्बिवी ॥ ३.२०९.८ ॥
To him, begging with "Give," the woman said, "Wait." Then, while the housewife was cleansing the vessel,
3.209.9
एतस्मिन्नन्तरे राजन्क्षुधासंपीडितो भृशम् ।
भर्ता प्रविष्टः सहसा तस्या भरतसत्तम ॥ ३.२०९.९ ॥
Meanwhile, O king, her husband, greatly tormented by hunger, suddenly entered the house, O best of the Bharatas.
3.209.10
सा तु दृष्ट्वा पतिं साध्वी ब्राह्मणं व्यपहाय तम् ।
पाद्यमाचमनीयं वै ददौ भर्तुस्तथाऽऽसनम् ॥ ३.२०९.१० ॥
That virtuous woman, seeing her husband, set aside that brahmin and gave her husband water for his feet, water for sipping, and a seat.
3.209.11
प्रह्वा पर्यचरच्चापि भर्तारमसितेक्षणा ।
आहारेणाथ भक्ष्यैश्च वाक्यैः सुमधुरैस्तथा ॥ ३.२०९.११ ॥
With bowed head the dark-eyed woman attended her husband, with food, with dainties, and with very sweet words as well.
3.209.12
उच्छिष्टं भाविता भर्तुर्भुङ्क्ते नित्यं युधिष्ठिर ।
दैवतं च पतिं मेने भर्तुश्चित्तानुसारिणी ॥ ३.२०९.१२ ॥
O Yudhiṣṭhira, devoted to her husband, she always ate only what he left over; she regarded her husband as a deity and followed his mind.
3.209.13
कर्मणा मनसा वाचा नात्यश्नान्नापि चापिवत् ।
तं सर्वभावोपगता पतिशुश्रूषणे रता ॥ ३.२०९.१३ ॥
By deed, mind, and speech she neither ate too much nor drank too much; wholly devoted in every way, she delighted in serving her husband.
3.209.14
साध्वाचारा शुचिर्दक्षा कुटुम्बस्य हितैषिणी ।
भर्तुश्चापि हितं यत्तत्सततं साऽनुवर्तते ॥ ३.२०९.१४ ॥
Of virtuous conduct, pure, skilful, and desirous of the household's welfare, she always followed whatever was beneficial to her husband.
3.209.15
देवतातिथिभृत्यानां श्वश्रूश्वशुरयोस्तथा ।
शुश्रूषणपरा नित्यं सततं संयतेन्द्रिया ॥ ३.२०९.१५ ॥
Always intent on serving the gods, guests, and servants, and likewise her mother-in-law and father-in-law, she constantly kept her senses restrained.
3.209.16
सा ब्राह्मणं तदा दृष्ट्वा संस्थितं भैक्षकाङ्क्षिणम् ।
कुर्वती पतिशुश्रूषां सस्माराथ शुभेक्षणा ॥ ३.२०९.१६ ॥
Then the fair-eyed woman saw a brahmin standing there desiring alms, and while attending to her husband's service, she remembered him.
3.209.17
व्रीडिता साऽभवत्साध्वी तदा भरतसत्तम ।
भिक्षामादाय विप्राय निर्जगाम यशस्विनी ॥ ३.२०९.१७ ॥
Then, O best of the Bharatas, that virtuous woman became ashamed, and taking the alms, the glorious woman went out to the brahmin.
3.209.18
किमिदं भवति त्वं मां तिष्ठेत्युक्त्वा वराङ्गने ।
उपरोधं कृतवती न विसर्जितवत्यसि ॥ ३.२०९.१८ ॥
O excellent woman, having said 'Stay,' what is this? You have detained me and have not dismissed me.
3.209.19
ब्राह्मणं क्रोधसंतप्तं ज्वलन्तमिव तेजसा ।
दृष्ट्वा साध्वी मनुष्येन्द्रसान्त्वपूर्वं वचोऽब्रवीत् ॥ ३.२०९.१९ ॥
Seeing the brahmin tormented by anger, blazing as if with fire, the virtuous woman first spoke words of soothing to him, lord of men.
3.209.20
क्षमस्वविप्रप्रवर क्षमस्व स्त्रीजडात्मताम् ।
प्रसीद भगवन्मह्यं कृपां कुरु मयि द्विज ॥ ३.२०९.२० ॥
Forgive me, best of brahmins, forgive the dullness of a woman's nature. Be gracious to me, venerable one; show me compassion, O twice-born.
3.209.21
क्षन्तुमर्हसि मे विद्वन्भर्ता मे दैवतं महत् ।
स चापि क्षुधितः श्रान्तः प्राप्तः शुश्रूषितोमया ॥ ३.२०९.२१ ॥
You ought to forgive me, O learned one; my husband is my great deity. He too came hungry and weary, and I attended to him.
3.209.22
ब्राह्मणआ न गरीयांसो गरीयांस्ते पतिः कृतः ।
गृहस्थधर्मे वर्तन्ती ब्राह्मणानवमन्यसे ॥ ३.२०९.२२ ॥
Are brahmins not greater? You have made your husband greater. Abiding in the duty of a householder, you disregard brahmins.
3.209.23
इन्द्रोऽप्येषां प्रणमते किं पुनर्मानवो भुवि ।
अवलिप्ते न जानीषे वृद्धानां न श्रुतं त्वया ॥ ३.२०९.२३ ॥
Even Indra bows down to them; what then of a human on earth? Arrogant one, do you not know? Have you not heard the words of the elders?
3.209.24
ब्राह्मणा ह्यग्निसदृशा दहेयुः पृथिवीमपि ।
सपर्वतवनद्वीपां क्षिप्रमेवावमानिताः ॥ ३.२०९.२४ ॥
Brahmins, like fire, could burn the earth itself, with its mountains, forests and islands, swiftly once they are insulted.
3.209.25
नाहं बलाका विप्रर्षे त्यज क्रोधं तपोधन ।
अनया क्रुद्धया दृष्ट्या क्रुद्धः किं मां करिष्यसि ॥ ३.२०९.२५ ॥
I am no crane, sage among brahmins. Give up your anger, O rich in asceticism. Angered by this wrathful glance, what will you do to me?
3.209.26
नावजानाम्यहं विप्रान्देवैस्तुल्यान्मनस्विनः ।
अपराधमिमं विप्र क्षन्तुमर्हसि मेऽनघ ॥ ३.२०९.२६ ॥
I do not disrespect brahmins, who are equal to the gods and high-minded. O brahmin, O sinless one, you should pardon this offense of mine.
3.209.27
जानामि तेजो विप्राणआं महाभाग्यं च धीमताम् ।
अपेयः सागरः क्रोधात्कृतो हि लवणोदकः ॥ ३.२०९.२७ ॥
I know the power of brahmins and the great fortune of the wise. Indeed, the ocean was made salt-watered and undrinkable out of anger.
3.209.28
तथैव दीप्ततपसां मुनीनां भावितात्मनाम् ।
येषां क्रोधाग्निरद्यापि समुद्रे नोपशाम्यति।
कस्तान्परिभवेन्मूढो ब्राह्मणानमितौजसः ॥ ३.२०९.२८ ॥
Likewise, the fire of anger of the sages of blazing asceticism and purified self has not been quenched even today in the ocean. What fool would insult such brahmins of immeasurable power?
3.209.29
ब्राह्मणानां परिभवाद्वातापिः सुदुरात्मवान् ।
अगस्त्यमृषिमासाद्य जीर्णः क्रूरो महासुरः ॥ ३.२०९.२९ ॥
Because of insulting brahmins, the very wicked Vātāpi, approaching the sage Agastya, was consumed — that cruel great demon.
3.209.30
बहुप्रभावाः श्रूयन्ते ब्राह्मणानां महात्मनाम् ।
क्रोधः सुविपुलो ब्रह्मन्प्रसादश्च महात्मनाम्।
अस्मिंस्त्वतिक्रमे ब्रह्मन्क्षन्तुमर्हसि मेऽनघ ॥ ३.२०९.३० ॥
Many great powers of the high-souled brahmins are heard of; O brahmin, their anger is very great, and so is the grace of the great-souled. But in this transgression, O brahmin, O sinless one, you should pardon me.
3.209.31
पतिशुश्रूषया धर्मो य स मे रोचते द्विज ।
दैवतेष्वपि सर्वेषु भर्ता मे दैवतं परम् ॥ ३.२०९.३१ ॥
The duty that comes from serving one's husband is pleasing to me, O twice-born. Among all the deities, my husband is my supreme deity.
3.209.32
अविशेषेण तस्याहं कुर्यां धर्मं द्विजोत्तम ।
शुश्रूषायाः फलं पश्य पत्युर्ब्राह्मण यादृशम् ॥ ३.२०९.३२ ॥
O best of the twice-born, I perform my duty to him without reservation. O brahmin, behold the fruit of serving one's husband, such as it is.
3.209.33
बलाका हि त्वया दग्धा रोषात्तद्विदितं मया ।
क्रोधः शत्रुः शरीरस्थो मनुष्याणां द्विजोत्तम ॥ ३.२०९.३३ ॥
O best of the twice-born, out of anger you burned the cranes; I knew this. Anger is the enemy dwelling in the bodies of humans.
3.209.34
मास्म क्रुध्यो बलाकेव न वध्याऽस्मि पतिव्रता ।
यः क्रोधमोहौ त्यजति तं देवा ब्राह्मणं विदुः ॥ ३.२०९.३४ ॥
Do not be angry; like the crane, I am not to be slain, for I am devoted to my husband. The gods know him as a brahmin who abandons anger and delusion.
3.209.35
यो वदेदिह सत्यानि गुरुं संतोषयेत च ।
हिंसितश्च त हिंसेत तं देवा ब्राह्मणं विदुः ॥ ३.२०९.३५ ॥
He who speaks the truth here, who pleases his teacher, and who, though injured, does not injure in return — the gods know him as a brahmin.
3.209.36
जितेन्द्रियो धर्मपरः स्वाध्यायनिरतः शुचिः ।
कामक्रोधौ वशौ यस्य तं देवा ब्राह्मणं विदुः ॥ ३.२०९.३६ ॥
He who has conquered his senses, is intent on dharma and self-study, is pure, and whose desire and anger are under control — the gods know him as a brahmin.
3.209.37
यस्य चात्मसमो लोको धर्मज्ञस्य मनस्विनः ।
सर्वधर्मेषु चरतस्तं देवा ब्राह्मणं विदुः ॥ ३.२०९.३७ ॥
For whom the world is equal to himself, who knows dharma, is wise-minded and conducts himself in all duties, him the gods know as a brahmin.
3.209.38
योऽध्यापयेदधीयीत यजेद्वा याजयीत वा ।
दद्याद्वाऽपि यथाशक्ति तं देवा ब्राह्मणं विदुः ॥ ३.२०९.३८ ॥
He who teaches, studies, sacrifices or causes sacrifice to be performed, or gives according to his ability, him the gods know as a brahmin.
3.209.39
ब्राह्मचारी वदान्यो योप्यधीयाद्द्विजपुङ्गवः ।
स्वाध्यायवानमत्तो वै तं देवा ब्राह्मणं विदुः ॥ ३.२०९.३९ ॥
He who is a celibate, generous, a studying best of the twice-born, devoted to recitation and not intoxicated, him the gods indeed know as a brahmin.
3.209.40
यद्ब्राह्मणानां कुशलं तदेषां परिकीर्तयेत् ।
सत्यं तथा व्याहरतां नानृते रमते मनः ॥ ३.२०९.४० ॥
Whatever is the welfare of brahmins, that one should proclaim of them. The mind of those who speak truth does not delight in falsehood.
3.209.41
धनं तु ब्राह्मणस्याहुः स्वाध्यायं दममार्जवम् ।
इन्द्रियाणां निग्रहं च शाश्वतं द्विजसत्तम ॥ ३.२०९.४१ ॥
Wealth of a brahmin, they say, is study, self-restraint and uprightness; and restraint of the senses, eternal, O best of the twice-born.
3.209.42
सत्यार्जवे धर्ममाहुः परं धर्मविदो जनाः ।
दुर्ज्ञेयः शाश्वतो धर्मः स च सत्ये प्रतिष्ठितः ॥ ३.२०९.४२ ॥
People who know dharma say that the highest dharma lies in truth and uprightness. The eternal dharma is hard to know, and it is established in truth.
3.209.43
श्रुतिप्रमाणो धर्मः स्यादिति वृद्धानुशासनम् ।
बहुधा दृश्यते धर्मः सूक्ष्म एव द्विजोत्तम ॥ ३.२०९.४३ ॥
Dharma should have scripture as its authority, so the elders teach. Dharma is seen in many ways, and, best of the twice-born, it is indeed subtle.
3.209.44
भगवानपि धर्मज्ञः स्वाद्यायनिरतः शुचिः ।
न तु तत्त्वेन भगवन्दर्मं वेत्सीति मे मतिः ॥ ३.२०९.४४ ॥
Though you are venerable, a knower of dharma, devoted to study of the Veda and pure, yet, venerable one, it is my opinion that you do not truly know dharma.
3.209.45
यदि विप्र न जानीषे धर्मं परमकं द्विज ।
धर्मव्याधं तत पृच्छ गत्वा तु मिथिलां पुरीम् ॥ ३.२०९.४५ ॥
If you do not know supreme dharma, O brahmin, O twice-born, go to the city of Mithilā and ask Dharma-vyādha himself.
3.209.46
मातापितृभ्यां शुश्रूपुः सत्यवादी जितेन्द्रियः ।
मिथिलायां वसेद्व्याधः स ते धर्मान्प्रवक्ष्यति ॥ ३.२०९.४६ ॥
That hunter, who serves his mother and father, speaks the truth, and has mastered his senses, dwells in Mithilā; he will explain the dharmas to you.
3.209.47
तत्र गच्छस्व भद्रं ते यथाकामं द्विजोत्तम ।
व्याधः परमधर्मात्मा स ते छेत्स्यति संशयम् ॥ ३.२०९.४७ ॥
Go there, may good fortune be yours; do as you wish, best of the twice-born. That hunter, whose very self is supreme dharma, will cut away your doubt.
3.209.48
अत्युक्तमपि मे सर्वं क्षन्तुमर्हस्यनिन्दित ।
स्त्रियो ह्यवध्याः सर्वेषां ये धर्ममभिविन्दते ॥ ३.२०९.४८ ॥
O blameless one, you should forgive all that I have said, even what was said too far. Women are not to be slain by anyone, especially those who attain dharma.
3.209.49
प्रीतोस्मि तव भद्रं ते गतः क्रोधश्च शोभने ।
उपालम्भस्त्वया प्रोक्तो मम निश्रेयसं परम् ॥ ३.२०९.४९ ॥
I am pleased, may good fortune be yours. O radiant one, my anger has gone too. The reproach you spoke is for me the highest good.
3.209.50
स्वस्ति तेऽस्तु गमिष्यामि साधयिष्यामि शोभने ।
धन्या त्वमसि कल्याणि यस्याः स्याद्वृत्तमीदृशम्। ॥ ३.२०९.५० ॥
May well-being be yours. O radiant one, I shall go and accomplish my task. O auspicious one, you are blessed, you whose conduct is such.
3.209.51
तया विसृष्टो निर्गत्य स्वमेव भवनं ययौ ।
विनिन्दन्स स्वमात्मानं कौशिको द्विजसत्तमः
वस्त्रिणो वस्त्रदा यान्ति अवस्त्रा यान्त्यवस्त्रदाः ॥ ३.२०९.५१ ॥
Dismissed by her, he went out and returned to his own house, Kauśika, best of the twice-born, reproaching himself. Those who give clothing go clothed; those who give no clothing go unclothed.