Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 3.211
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3.211.1
स तु विप्रो महाप्राज्ञ धर्मव्याधमपृच्छत ।
शिष्टाचारं कथमहं विद्यामिति नरोत्तम ॥ ३.२११.१ ॥
The great-minded brahmin then asked Dharmavyādha: "Best of men, how may I come to know the conduct of the virtuous?"
3.211.2
पञ्च कानि पवित्राणि शिष्टाचारेषु नित्यदा ।
एतदिच्छामि भद्रं ते श्रोतुं धर्मभृतांवर।
त्वत्तो महामते व्याध तद्ब्रवीहि यथातथम् ॥ ३.२११.२ ॥
Mārkaṇḍeya said: "What are the five things that always purify in the conduct of the virtuous? I wish to hear this from you, best of the upholders of dharma; may good befall you. O hunter of great mind, tell me exactly as it is."
3.211.3
यज्ञो दानं तपो वेदाः सत्यं च द्विजसत्तम ।
पञ्चैतानि पवित्राणि शिष्टाचारेषु नित्यदा ॥ ३.२११.३ ॥
The hunter said: "Sacrifice, giving, austerity, the Vedas and truthfulness — these five, best of twice-born, are always purifying in the conduct of the virtuous."
3.211.4
कामक्रोधौ वशे कृत्वा दम्भं लोभमनार्जवम् ।
धर्ममित्येवं संतुष्टास्ते शिष्टाः शिष्टसंमताः ॥ ३.२११.४ ॥
The hunter said: "Those who keep desire and anger under control, who abandon hypocrisy, greed and crookedness, and are content, thinking 'this is dharma' — they are the virtuous, accepted by the virtuous."
3.211.5
न तेषां भिद्यते वृत्तं यज्ञस्वाध्यायशीलिनाम् ।
आचारपालनं चैव द्वितीयं शिष्टलक्षणम् ॥ ३.२११.५ ॥
The hunter said: "The conduct of those devoted to sacrifice and study is never broken; observance of proper conduct is the second mark of the virtuous."
3.211.6
गुरुशुश्रूषणं सत्यमक्रोधो दानमेव च ।
एतच्चतुष्टयं ब्रह्मञ्शिष्टाचारेषु नित्यदा ॥ ३.२११.६ ॥
The hunter said: "Service to the teacher, truthfulness, freedom from anger, and giving — these four, O brahmin, are always present in the conduct of the virtuous."
3.211.7
शिष्टाचारे मनः कृत्वा प्रतिष्ठाप्य च सर्वशः ।
यामयं लभते तुष्टिं सा न शक्या ह्यतोऽन्यथा ॥ ३.२११.७ ॥
The contentment that a man obtains when he fixes his mind on the conduct of the good and firmly establishes it in every way cannot be attained otherwise than this.
3.211.8
वेदस्योपनिषत्सत्यं सत्यस्योपनिषद्दमः ।
दमस्योपनिषत्त्यागः शिष्टाचारेषु नित्यदा ॥ ३.२११.८ ॥
The essence of the Veda is truth; the essence of truth is self-restraint; the essence of self-restraint is renunciation. In the conduct of the good these are always present.
3.211.9
ये तु धर्मानसूयन्ते बुद्धिमोहान्विता नराः ।
अपथा गच्छतां तेषामनुयाता च पीड्यते ॥ ३.२११.९ ॥
But men who, endowed with confusion of mind, find fault with dharma walk off the path, and those who follow them are afflicted.
3.211.10
ये तु शिष्टाः सुनियताः श्रुतित्यागपरायणाः ।
धर्मपन्थानमारूढाः सत्यधर्मपरायणाः ॥ ३.२११.१० ॥
But those who are virtuous, well restrained, devoted to the abandonment of mere scriptural teaching, who have climbed the path of dharma and are devoted to truth and dharma—
3.211.11
नियच्छन्ति परां बुद्धिं शिष्टाचारान्विता जनाः ।
उपाध्यायमते युक्ताः स्थित्या धर्मार्थदर्शिनः ॥ ३.२११.११ ॥
People endowed with the conduct of the good restrain the supreme intellect; devoted to the teaching of their teacher, and steadfast, they see dharma and artha.
3.211.12
नास्तिकान्भिन्नमर्यादान्क्रूरान्पापमतौ स्थितान् ।
त्यज ताञ्ज्ञानमाश्रित्य धार्मिकानुपसेव्य च ॥ ३.२११.१२ ॥
Abandon the atheists, those who break the bounds of propriety, the cruel, and those who abide in sinful minds; take refuge in knowledge and serve the righteous.
3.211.13
कामलोभग्रहाकीर्णं पञ्चेन्द्रियजलां नदीम् ।
नावं धृतिमयीं कृत्वा जन्मदुर्गाणि संतर ॥ ३.२११.१३ ॥
Cross the river, crowded with the crocodiles of desire and greed and with the five senses for its waters, having made a boat of steadfastness; cross also the fortresses of birth.
3.211.14
क्रमेण संचितो धर्मो बुद्धियोगमयो महान् ।
शिष्टाचारे भवेत्साधू रागः शुक्ले व वाससि ॥ ३.२११.१४ ॥
Dharma, accumulated gradually, consisting of the discipline of the intellect, is great; one should be good in the conduct of the learned, as colour takes hold of a white garment.
3.211.15
अहिंसा सत्यवचनं सर्वभूतहितं परम् ।
अहिंसा परमो धर्मः स च सत्ये प्रतिष्ठितः।
सत्यं कृत्वा प्रतिष्ठां तु प्रवर्तन्ते प्रवृत्तयः ॥ ३.२११.१५ ॥
Non-violence and truthful speech are the supreme good of all beings. Non-violence is the highest dharma, and it is established in truth. Having made truth the foundation, activities arise.
3.211.16
सत्यमेव गरीयस्तु शिष्टाचारनिषेवितम् ।
आचारश्च सतां धर्मः सन्तो ह्याचारलक्षणाः ॥ ३.२११.१६ ॥
Truth alone is more weighty, practised by the learned in their conduct. The conduct of the good is dharma, and the good are characterized by their conduct.
3.211.17
यो यथा प्रकृतिर्जन्तुः स स्वां प्रकृतिमश्नुते ।
पापात्मा क्रोधकामादीन्दोषानाप्नोत्यनात्मवान् ॥ ३.२११.१७ ॥
Whatever creature is of such a nature, it attains its own nature. The one of sinful mind, lacking self-mastery, obtains the faults of anger, desire and the like.
3.211.18
आरम्भो न्याययुक्तो यः स हि धऱ्म इति स्मृतः ।
अनाचारस्त्वध्रमेति एतच्छिष्टानुशासनम् ॥ ३.२११.१८ ॥
The undertaking that is endowed with justice is remembered as dharma. And improper conduct is adharma — this is the instruction of the learned.
3.211.19
अक्रुध्यन्तोऽनसूयन्तो निरहंकारमत्सराः ।
ऋजवः शमसंपन्नाः शिष्टाचारा भवन्ति ते ॥ ३.२११.१९ ॥
Those who are not angry, do not find fault, are free of pride and envy, straightforward and endowed with calm — they are the ones of proper conduct.
3.211.20
त्रैविद्यवृद्धाः शुचयो वृत्तवन्तो मनस्विनः ।
गुरुशुश्रूषवो दान्ताः शिष्टाचारा भवन्त्युत ॥ ३.२११.२० ॥
Those who are elders in the three Vedas, pure, of good conduct, thoughtful, devoted to serving their teachers, and self-controlled — indeed they are the ones of proper conduct.
3.211.21
तेषामहीनसत्वानां दुष्कराचारकर्मणाम् ।
स्वैः कर्मभिः सत्कृतानां घोरत्वं संप्रणश्यति ॥ ३.२११.२१ ॥
For those whose vitality is undiminished, whose conduct and deeds are difficult, and who are honoured by their own actions, their harshness is utterly destroyed.
3.211.22
तं तदाचारमाश्चर्यं पुराणं शाश्वतं ध्रुवम् ।
धर्म्यं धर्मेण पश्यन्तः स्वर्गं यान्ति मनीषिणः ॥ ३.२११.२२ ॥
Wise men who see that conduct — wondrous, ancient, eternal and steadfast — as lawful and dharmic, through dharma itself, go to heaven.
3.211.23
आस्तिका मानहीनाश्च द्विजातिजनपूजकाः ।
श्रुतवृत्तोपसंपन्नास्ते सन्तः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥ ३.२११.२३ ॥
Believers, free of pride, who honour the twice-born, endowed with learning and good conduct — such good people go to heaven.
3.211.24
वेदोक्तः प्रथमो धर्मो धर्मशास्त्रेषु चापरः ।
शिष्टाचीर्णश् शिष्टानां त्रिविधं धर्मलक्षणम् ॥ ३.२११.२४ ॥
The dharma declared in the Vedas is the first; that set out in the law-treatises is the second; and the conduct practised by the good is the third — these are the threefold marks of dharma.
3.211.25
धारणं चापि वेदानां तीर्थानामवगाहनम् ।
क्षमा सत्यार्जवं शौचं शिष्टाचारनिदर्शनम् ॥ ३.२११.२५ ॥
Holding the Vedas in memory, bathing at sacred fords, forbearance, truth and straightforwardness, purity — these are the evidence of the conduct of the virtuous.
3.211.26
सर्वभूतदयावन्तो ह्यहिंसानिरताः सदा ।
परुषं च न भाषन्ते सदा सन्तो द्विजप्रियाः ॥ ३.२११.२६ ॥
Full of compassion for all beings, always devoted to non-injury, never speaking harsh words — the good are dear to the twice-born.
3.211.27
शुभानामशुभानां च कर्मणां सबलाश्रयम् ।
विपाकमभिजानन्ति ते शिष्टाः शिष्टसंमताः ॥ ३.२११.२७ ॥
Those who fully know the ripening of good and evil deeds, together with their strength and their basis — these are the virtuous, esteemed by the virtuous.
3.211.28
न्यायोपेता गुणोपेताः सर्वलोकहितैषिणः ।
सन्तः स्वर्गजितः शक्त्या सन्निविष्टाश्च सत्पथे।
दातारः संविभक्तारो दीनानुग्रहकारिणः ॥ ३.२११.२८ ॥
Endowed with justice and good qualities, seeking the welfare of all worlds, the good, conquerors of heaven by their strength, are firmly set on the good path. They are givers, sharers, and bestowers of favour on the wretched.
3.211.29
सर्वपूज्याः श्रुतधनास्तथैव च तपस्विनः ।
सर्वभूतदयावन्तस्ते शिष्टाः शिष्टसंमताः ॥ ३.२११.२९ ॥
Worthy of honour by all, whose wealth is learning, likewise ascetics, full of compassion for all beings — they are the virtuous, esteemed by the virtuous.
3.211.30
दाननित्याः सुखान्याशु प्राप्नुवन्त्यपि च श्रियम् ।
पीडया च कलत्रस्य भृत्यानां च समाहिताः ॥ ३.२११.३० ॥
Those constant in giving quickly obtain happiness and also prosperity; and they remain attentive to the distress of their wives and servants.
3.211.31
अतिशक्त्या प्रयच्छन्ति सन्तः सद्भिः समागताः ।
लोकयात्रां च पशय्न्तो धर्ममात्महितानि च।
एवं सन्तोवर्तमानास्त्वेधन्ते शाश्वतीः समाः ॥ ३.२११.३१ ॥
The good give with great strength, gathered together with the good; seeing the course of worldly life, dharma, and what benefits themselves, the good who conduct themselves thus flourish for eternal years.
3.211.32
अहिंसा सत्यवचनमानृशंस्यवथार्जवम् ।
अद्रोहो नातिमानश्च ह्रीस्तितिक्षा दमः शमः ॥ ३.२११.३२ ॥
Non-violence, truthful speech, kindness, straightforwardness, absence of malice, absence of excessive pride, modesty, patience, self-restraint, and tranquillity.
3.211.33
धीमन्तो धृतिमन्तश्च भूतानामनुकम्पकाः ।
अकामद्वेषसंयुक्तास्ते सन्तो लोकसत्कृताः ॥ ३.२११.३३ ॥
The wise, the steadfast, compassionate toward beings, free from desire and hatred — those good people are honoured by the world.
3.211.34
त्रीण्येव तु पदान्याहुः सतां वृत्तमनुस्मरन् ।
न चैव द्रुह्येद्दद्याच्च सत्यं चैव सदा वदेत् ॥ ३.२११.३४ ॥
Recalling the conduct of the good, they speak of only three steps: one should not do harm, one should give, and one should always speak the truth.
3.211.35
सर्वत्र च दयावन्तः सन्तः करुणवेदिनः ।
गच्छन्तीह सुसंतुष्टा धर्म्यं पन्थानमुत्तमम् ॥ ३.२११.३५ ॥
Everywhere compassionate, knowing mercy, the good, well content, walk here the supreme righteous path.
3.211.36
शिष्टाचारा महात्मानो येषां धर्मः सुनिश्चितः ।
अनसूया क्षमा शान्तिः संतोषः प्रियवादिता ॥ ३.२११.३६ ॥
Great souls of proper conduct, whose dharma is firmly settled: freedom from envy, forgiveness, peace, contentment, and pleasant speech.
3.211.37
कामक्रोधपरित्यागः शिष्टाचारनिषेवणम् ।
कर्म च श्रुतसंपन्नं सतां मार्गमनुत्तमम् ॥ ३.२११.३७ ॥
Abandoning desire and anger, practising the conduct of the good, and action endowed with learning — this is the supreme path of the virtuous.
3.211.38
शिष्टाचारं निषेवन्ते नित्यं ध्रममनुव्रताः ।
प्रज्ञाप्रासादमारूह्य मुह्यतो महतो जनान् ॥ ३.२११.३८ ॥
Those steadfast in vows always practise the conduct of the good and dharma; having climbed the palace of wisdom, they look down upon great people who are bewildered.
3.211.39
प्रेक्षन्ते लोकवृत्तानि विविधानि द्विजोत्तमाः ।
अतिषुण्यानि दानानि तानि द्विजवरोत्तम ॥ ३.२११.३९ ॥
O best of the twice-born, they behold the many kinds of worldly conduct; and gifts, too, are most meritorious — O best of the excellent twice-born, those also.
3.211.40
एतत्ते सर्वमाख्यातं यथाप्रज्ञं यथाश्रुतम् ।
शिष्टाचारगुणान्ब्रह्मन्पुरस्कृत्य द्विजर्षभ ॥ ३.२११.४० ॥
O Brahmin, O bull among the twice-born, all this has been told to you as my understanding and what I have heard allow, placing the qualities of good conduct foremost.