Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 3.213
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3.213.1
धर्मव्याधस्तु निपुणं पुनरेव युधिष्ठिर ।
विप्रर्षभमुवाचेदं सर्वधर्मभृतांवर ॥ ३.२१३.१ ॥
Dharmavyādha, skillfully, spoke again to that best of brahmins, O Yudhiṣṭhira: O best of all who bear dharma.
3.213.2
श्रुतिप्रमाणो धर्मोऽयमिति वृद्धानुशासनम् ।
सूक्ष्मा गतिर्हि धर्मस् बहुशाखा ह्यनन्तिका ॥ ३.२१३.२ ॥
This dharma takes the Śruti as its authority — such is the teaching of the elders. The course of dharma is subtle, and its branches are many and without end.
3.213.3
प्राणान्तिके विवाहे च वक्तव्यमनृतं भवेत् ।
अनृतेन भवेत्सत्यं सत्येनैवानृतं भवेत् ॥ ३.२१३.३ ॥
At the peril of life and in marriage, an untruth may have to be spoken. By an untruth a truth may come about, and by truth itself an untruth may come about.
3.213.4
यद्भूतहितमत्यन्तं तत्सत्यमिति धारणा ।
विपर्ययकृतोऽधर्मः पश्य धर्मस्य सूक्ष्मताम् ॥ ३.२१३.४ ॥
That which is most beneficial to beings — that is truth; such is the conviction. Acting in reversal is unrighteousness. Behold the subtlety of dharma.
3.213.5
यत्करोत्यशुभं कर्म शुभं वा यदि सत्तम ।
अवश्यं तत्समाप्नोति पुरुषो नात्र संशयः ॥ ३.२१३.५ ॥
Whatever inauspicious or auspicious deed a person does, that he will surely obtain — there is no doubt of this, O best of the good.
3.213.6
विषमां च दशां प्राप्तो देवान्गर्हति वै भृशम् ।
आत्मृनः कर्मदोषेण न विजानात्यपण्डितः ॥ ३.२१३.६ ॥
Having fallen into an adverse condition, the unwise man greatly blames the gods; through the fault of his own deeds he does not understand.
3.213.7
मूढो नैकृतिकश्चापि चपलश्च द्विजोत्तम ।
न शुभं कर्म बध्नाति पुरुषं पाषनिश्चयम् ॥ ३.२१३.७ ॥
O best of the twice-born, a foolish, deceitful and fickle man whose resolve is set on evil is not bound by good action.
3.213.8
सुखदुःखविपर्यासो यदा समुपपद्यते ।
नैनं प्रज्ञा सुनीतं वा त्रायते नैव पौरुषम् ॥ ३.२१३.८ ॥
When the reversal of pleasure and pain comes about, neither wisdom, nor good policy, nor human effort protects a man.
3.213.9
यो यमिच्छेद्यथा कामं तं तं कामं स आप्नुयात् ।
यदि स्यादपराधीनं पौरुषस् क्रियाफलम् ॥ ३.२१३.९ ॥
Whoever desires whatever desire, that very desire he would obtain, if the fruit of human effort were not dependent on another.
3.213.10
संयताश्चापि दक्षाश्च मतिमन्तश्च मानवाः ।
दृश्यन्ते निष्फलाः सन्तः प्रहीणाः सर्वकर्मभिः ॥ ३.२१३.१० ॥
Even self-controlled, skilful and intelligent men are seen to be fruitless, deprived of all their actions.
3.213.11
भूतानामपरः कश्चिद्धिंसायां सततोत्थितः ।
वञ्चनायां च लोकस्य स सुखेनैव युज्यते ॥ ३.२१३.११ ॥
Another among beings, always intent on violence and on deceiving the world, he indeed is joined to happiness.
3.213.12
अचेष्टमपि चासीनं श्रीः कंचिदुपतिष्ठति ।
कश्चित्कर्माणि कुर्वन्हि न प्राप्यमधिगच्छति ॥ ३.२१३.१२ ॥
Fortune approaches someone even while he sits idle, while another, doing deeds, does not attain what is to be obtained.
3.213.13
देवानिष्ट्वा तपस्तप्त्वा कृपणैः पुत्रगृध्नुभिः ।
दशमासधृता गर्भा जायन्ते कुलपांसनाः ॥ ३.२१३.१३ ॥
Having sacrificed to the gods and performed penance, wretched men greedy for sons: embryos carried for ten months are born as defilers of the family.
3.213.14
अपरे धनधान्यैश्च भोगैश्च पितृसंचितैः ।
विपुलैरभिजायन्ते लब्धास्तैरेव मङ्गलैः ॥ ३.२१३.१४ ॥
Others are born, having obtained abundant blessings, with wealth and grain and enjoyments accumulated by their ancestors, and by those very blessings.
3.213.15
न देहजा मनुष्याणां व्याधयो द्विजसत्तम ।
कर्मजा हि मनुष्याणां रोगा नास्त्यत्र संशयः ॥ ३.२१३.१५ ॥
Diseases of men, best of the twice-born, are not born of the body; the illnesses of men are indeed born of their deeds. There is no doubt here.
3.213.16
आधिभिश्चैव बाध्यन्ते व्यालैः क्षुद्रमृगा इव ।
व्याधयो विनिवार्यन्ते मृगा व्याधैरिव द्विज ॥ ३.२१३.१६ ॥
As small beasts are afflicted by fierce predators, so men are afflicted by mental distresses; and, O twice-born, as deer are held back by hunters, so diseases are warded off.
3.213.17
येषामस्ति च भोक्तव्यं ग्रहणीरोगपीडिताः ।
न शक्नुवन्ति ते भोक्तुं चेष्टितं पूर्वकर्मया ॥ ३.२१३.१७ ॥
For those who have food to eat, but are afflicted by the disease of digestion, they are not able to eat; by former deeds their effort fails to eat.
3.213.18
अपरे बाहुबलिनः क्लिश्यन्ति बहवो जनाः ।
दुःखेन चाधिगच्छनति भोजनं द्विजसत्तम ॥ ३.२१३.१८ ॥
Others, many people strong of arm, suffer; and, best of the twice-born, they obtain food with difficulty.
3.213.19
इति लोकमनाक्रन्दं देहशङ्कापरिप्लुतम् ।
स्रोतसाऽसकृदाक्षिप्तं ह्रियमाणं बलीयसा ॥ ३.२१३.१९ ॥
Thus the world, not lamenting, overwhelmed by fear for the body, was again and again swept away and carried off by the mighty current.
3.213.20
न म्रियेयुर्न जीर्यैयुः सर्वे स्युः सर्वकामिकाः ।
नाप्रियं प्रतिपश्येयुर्विधिश्च यदि नो भवेत् ॥ ३.२१३.२० ॥
If there were no ordinance for us, all would not die nor grow old; all would have all their desires, and they would not see the unpleasant.
3.213.21
उपर्युपरि लोकस्य सर्वो गन्तुं समीहते ।
यतते च यथाथक्ति न च तद्वर्तते तथा ॥ ३.२१३.२१ ॥
In the world everyone strives to rise higher and higher, and exerts himself according to his strength, yet it does not turn out so.
3.213.22
बहवः संप्रदृश्यन्ते तुल्यनक्षत्रमङ्गलाः ।
महत्तु फलवैषम्यं दृश्यते कर्मसिद्धिषु ॥ ३.२१३.२२ ॥
Many are seen with equal stars and auspicious signs, but in the accomplishment of deeds a great inequality of results is seen.
3.213.23
न केचिदीशते ब्रह्मन्स्वयंग्राह्यस्य सत्तम ।
कर्मणां प्राकृतानां वै इह सिद्धिः प्रदृश्यते ॥ ३.२१३.२३ ॥
No one, O brahmin, O best of the good, controls what is to be grasped by oneself; here only the success of ordinary actions is seen.
3.213.24
तथा श्रुतिरियंब्रह्मञ्जीवः किल सनातनः ।
शरीरमध्रुवं लोके सर्वेषां प्राणिनामिह ॥ ३.२१३.२४ ॥
So is this scriptural teaching, O brahmin: the soul is indeed eternal, while the body of all living beings in this world is impermanent.
3.213.25
वध्यमाने शरीरे तु देहनाशो भवत्युत ।
जीवः संक्रमतेऽन्यत्रकर्मबनधनिबन्धनः ॥ ३.२१३.२५ ॥
When the body is struck down, the body perishes; but the soul, bound by the bondage of karma, passes over to another place.
3.213.26
कथं धर्मविदांश्रेष्ठ जीवो भवति शाश्वतः ।
एतदिच्छाम्यहं ज्ञातुं तत्त्वेन वदतांवर ॥ ३.२१३.२६ ॥
How, best of those who know dharma, does the soul become eternal? I wish to know this truly, best of speakers.
3.213.27
न जीवनाशोस्ति हि देहभेदे ।
मिथ्यैतदाहुर्म्रियतीति मूढाः।
जीवस्तु देहान्तरितः प्रयाति ।
दशार्धतैवास् शरीरभेदः ॥ ३.२१३.२७ ॥
There is no destruction of the soul when the body is broken. The deluded say 'it dies', but that is false; the soul, having passed into another body, departs; such is the breaking of the body.
3.213.28
अन्यो हि नाश्नाति कृतं हि कर्म ।
मनुष्यलोके मनुजस् कश्चित्।
यत्तेन किंचिद्धि कृतंहि कर्म ।
तदश्नुते नास्ति कृतस्य नाशः ॥ ३.२१३.२८ ॥
In the human world, no one else enjoys the deed another has done; whatever deed a man has done, that very deed he experiences. There is no destruction of what has been done.
3.213.29
सुपुण्यशीला हि भवन्ति पुण्या ।
नराधमाः पापकृतो भवन्ति।
नरोऽनुयातस्त्विह कर्मभिः स्वै-
स्ततः समुत्पद्यति भावितस्तैः ॥ ३.२१३.२९ ॥
Those of very virtuous conduct become meritorious, and the lowest of men become doers of evil. A man here is followed by his own deeds; shaped by them, he is born there.
3.213.30
कथं संभवते योनौ कथं वा पुण्यपापयोः ।
जातीः पुण्या ह्यपुण्याश् कथं गच्छति सत्तम ॥ ३.२१३.३० ॥
How does birth arise in a womb, and how through merit and sin? How does he go into meritorious and unmeritorious births, best of the good?
3.213.31
गर्भाधानसमायुक्तं कर्मेदं संप्रदृश्यते ।
समासेन तु ते क्षिप्रं प्रवक्ष्यामि द्विजोत्तम ॥ ३.२१३.३१ ॥
This action, bound up with conception in the womb, is seen. Briefly, best of the twice-born, I shall quickly tell you.
3.213.32
यथा संभृतसंभारः पुनरेव प्रजायते ।
शुभकृच्छुभयोनीषु पापकृत्पापयोनिषु ॥ ३.२१३.३२ ॥
Just as one who has gathered his provisions is born again, so the doer of good is born in auspicious wombs, and the doer of evil in evil wombs.
3.213.33
शुभैः प्रयोगैर्देवत्वंव्यामिश्रैर्मानुषो भवेत् ।
मोहनीयैर्वियोनीषु त्वधोगामी च किल्बिषैः ॥ ३.२१३.३३ ॥
By good actions one attains divinity, by mixed actions human birth; by deluding sins, and by sins, one goes downward into wrong wombs.
3.213.34
जातिमृत्युजरादुःखैः सततं समभिद्रुतः ।
संसारे पच्यमानश्च दोषैरात्मकृतैर्नरः ॥ ३.२१३.३४ ॥
The man, constantly beset by the sorrows of birth, death and old age, cooked in saṃsāra by faults of his own making.
3.213.35
तिर्यग्योनिसहस्राणि गत्वा नरकमेव च ।
जीवाः संपरिवर्तन्ते कर्मबन्धनिबन्धनाः ॥ ३.२१३.३५ ॥
Having gone through thousands of animal wombs and even hell, living beings keep circling, bound by the fetters of their deeds.
3.213.36
जन्तुस्तु कर्मभिस्तैस्तैः स्वकृतैः प्रेत्य दुःखितः ।
तद्दुःखप्रतिघातार्थमपुण्यां योनिमाप्नुते ॥ ३.२१३.३६ ॥
The living being, suffering after death through those various deeds of his own doing, attains an inauspicious womb in order to counter that very suffering.
3.213.37
ततः कर्म समादत्ते पुनरन्यन्नवं बहु ।
पच्यते तु पुनस्तेन भुक्त्वाऽपथ्यमिवातुरः ॥ ३.२१३.३७ ॥
Then he takes up again many other new actions, and by them he is again ripened, like a sick man who has eaten unwholesome food.
3.213.38
अजस्रमेव दुःखार्तोऽदुःखितः सुखिसंज्ञितः ।
ततो निवृत्तबन्धत्वात्कर्मणामुदयादपि ॥ ३.२१३.३८ ॥
Constantly afflicted by suffering, yet called happy as one who does not suffer; then, because the bondage has ceased, and also because of the arising of actions.
3.213.39
परिक्रामति संसारे चक्रवद्बहुवेदनः ।
स चेन्निवृत्तबन्धस्तु विशुद्धश्चापि कर्मभिः ॥ ३.२१३.३९ ॥
He wanders in the cycle of rebirth like a wheel, full of much pain. If his bondage has ceased, and he is also purified by actions.
3.213.40
तपोयोगसमारम्भं कुरुते द्विजसत्तम ।
कर्मभिर्बहुभिश्चापि लोकानश्नाति कर्मभिः ॥ ३.२१३.४० ॥
O best of the twice-born, he undertakes austerity and yoga; by many actions, and by actions indeed, he obtains the worlds.
3.213.41
स चेन्निवृत्तबन्धस्तु विशुद्धश्चापि कर्मभिः ।
प्राप्नोति सुकृताँल्लोकान्यत्रगत्वा न शोचति ॥ ३.२१३.४१ ॥
If his bondage has ceased, and he is also purified by actions, he obtains the worlds of good deeds; having gone there, he does not grieve.
3.213.42
पापं कुर्वनपुण्यवृत्तः पुण्यस्यान्तं न गच्छति ।
पुण्यं कुर्वन्पुण्यवृत्तः पुण्यस्यान्तं न गच्छति।
तस्मात्पुण्यं यतेत्कर्तुं वर्जयीत च पापकम् ॥ ३.२१३.४२ ॥
One who does evil and has unvirtuous conduct does not reach the end of merit. One who does merit and has virtuous conduct also does not reach the end of merit. Therefore one should strive to do merit and avoid evil.
3.213.43
अनसूयुः कृतज्ञश्च कल्याणान्येव सेवते ।
सुखानि धर्ममर्थं च स्वर्गं च लभते नरः ॥ ३.२१३.४३ ॥
The man who is free from envy and grateful practises only good deeds, and obtains happiness, dharma, wealth and heaven.
3.213.44
संस्कृतस्य च दान्तस् नियतस्य यतात्मनः ।
प्राज्ञास्यानन्तरा वृत्तिरिहि लोके परत्र च ॥ ३.२१३.४४ ॥
For the refined, self-controlled, disciplined man of restrained self, the wise man's conduct is unbroken here in this world and in the next.
3.213.45
सतां धऱ्मेण वर्तेत क्रियां शिष्टवदाचरेत् ।
असंक्लेशेन लोकस्य वृत्तिं लिप्सेत वै द्विजः ॥ ३.२१३.४५ ॥
The twice-born man should live by the dharma of the good, act as the virtuous do, and seek his livelihood without causing distress to the world.
3.213.46
सन्ति ह्यागमविज्ञानाः शिष्टाः शास्त्रे विचक्षणाः ।
स्वधर्मेण क्रिया लोके कुर्वाणास्ते ह्यसंकराः ॥ ३.२१३.४६ ॥
There are indeed virtuous people in the world, learned in the scriptural tradition and skilled in the śāstras, who act by their own dharma and are therefore unmixed.
3.213.47
प्राज्ञो धर्मेण रमते धर्मं चैवोपजीवति ।
तस्माद्धर्मादवाप्तेन धनन द्विजसत्तम ॥ ३.२१३.४७ ॥
The wise man rejoices in dharma and lives indeed by dharma; therefore, best of the twice-born, one should live on wealth obtained through dharma.
3.213.48
तस्यैव सिंचते मूलं गुणान्पश्यति यत्र वै ।
धर्मात्मा भवति ह्येवं चित्तं चास्य प्रसीदति।
स मित्रजनसंतुष्ट इह प्रेत्य च नन्दति ॥ ३.२१३.४८ ॥
Wherever he sees virtues, he waters that very root; thus he becomes righteous-souled and his mind is pleased. Content with friends and people, he rejoices here and after death.
3.213.49
शब्दं स्पर्शं तथा रूपं गन्धानिष्टांस्च सत्तम ।
प्रभुत्वं लभते चापि धर्मस्यैतत्फलं विदुः ॥ ३.२१३.४९ ॥
O best of the good, one also obtains lordship over sound, touch, form, and desired scents; this, they say, is the fruit of dharma.
3.213.50
धरमस्य च पलं लब्ध्वा न तुष्यति महाद्विज ।
अतुष्यमाणो निर्वेदमादत्ते ज्ञानचक्षुषा ॥ ३.२१३.५० ॥
O great brahmin, having obtained the fruit of dharma, a man is still not satisfied; unsatisfied, he takes up dispassion with the eye of knowledge.
3.213.51
प्रज्ञाचक्षुर्नर इह दोषं नैवानुरुध्यते ।
विरज्ये यथाकामं न च धर्मं विमुञ्चति ॥ ३.२१३.५१ ॥
The man whose eye is wisdom does not cling to fault here; he becomes dispassionate as he wishes, and does not abandon dharma.
3.213.52
फलत्यागे च यतते दृष्ट्वा लोकं क्रियात्मकम् ।
ततो मोक्षे प्रयतते नानुपायादुपायतः ॥ ३.२१३.५२ ॥
He strives also in renouncing the fruit; having seen the world made of action, he then strives for liberation — by proper means, not by improper ones.
3.213.53
एवं निर्वेदमादत्ते पापं कर्म जहाति च ।
धार्मिकश्चापि भवति मोक्षं च लभते परम् ॥ ३.२१३.५३ ॥
Thus he takes up dispassion and abandons evil deeds; he becomes righteous and obtains supreme liberation.
3.213.54
तपो निःश्रेयसं जन्तोस्तस्य मूलं शमो दमः ।
तेन सर्वानवाप्नोति कामान्यान्मनसेच्छति ॥ ३.२१३.५४ ॥
Austerity is the highest good of a living being, and its root is calm and self-restraint; by it he obtains all the desires he wishes in his mind.
3.213.55
इन्द्रियाणां निरोधेन सत्येन च दमेन च ।
ब्रह्मणः पदमाप्नोति यत्परं द्विजसत्तम ॥ ३.२१३.५५ ॥
By restraining the senses, and by truth and self-control, a man attains that supreme state of Brahman, best of the twice-born.
3.213.56
इन्द्रियाणीति यान्याहुः कानि तानि यतव्रत ।
निग्रहश्च कथं कार्यो निग्रहस्य च किं फलम् ॥ ३.२१३.५६ ॥
Which are those called the senses? O one of firm vows, how is restraint to be practised, and what is its fruit?
3.213.57
कथं च फलमाप्नोति तेषां धर्मभृतांवर ।
एतदिच्छामि तत्त्वेन धर्मं ज्ञातुं सुधार्मिक ॥ ३.२१३.५७ ॥
And how does one obtain their fruit? O best of those who bear dharma, O most righteous one, I wish to know dharma in its truth, and this is what I desire to learn.