Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 3.29
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3.29.1
द्रौपद्या वचनं श्रुत्वा श्लक्ष्णाक्षरपदं शुभम् ।
उवाच द्रौपदीं राजा स्मयमानो युधिष्ठिरः ॥ ३.२९.१ ॥
Hearing Draupadī's words, smooth in their letters and fine in their phrasing, King Yudhiṣṭhira, smiling, spoke to Draupadī.
3.29.2
कारणे भवती क्रुद्धा धार्तराष्ट्रस्य दुर्मतेः ।
येन क्रोधं महाप्रज्ञे बहुधा बहुमन्यसे।
क्रोधमूलं हरं शत्रुं कारणैः शृणु तं मम ॥ ३.२९.२ ॥
You are angry because of the ill-minded son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra. O woman of great wisdom, since in many ways you hold anger in high regard, listen to me now, with reasons, about that enemy who is the root of anger.
3.29.3
क्रोधो हन्ता मनुष्याणां क्रोधो भावयिता पुनः ।
इति विद्धि महाप्रात्रे क्रोधमूलौ भवाभवौ । ॥ ३.२९.३ ॥
Anger destroys men, and anger also brings them into being again. Know, O great one, that existence and non-existence both have anger as their root.
3.29.4
यो हि संहरते क्रोधं भावस्तस्य सुशोभने ।
यो न संहरते क्रोधं तस्याभावो भवत्युत।
अभावकारणं तस्मात्क्रोधो भवति शोभने ॥ ३.२९.४ ॥
For the one who restrains anger, O radiant one, there is prosperity; but for the one who does not restrain anger, there is ruin. Therefore anger is the cause of ruin, O radiant one.
3.29.5
यः पुनः पुरुषः क्रोधं नित्यं विसृजते शुभे ।
तस्याभावाय भवति क्रोधः परमदारुणः ॥ ३.२९.५ ॥
And the man who constantly gives vent to anger, O auspicious one, for him there arises, for his ruin, the most dreadful anger.
3.29.6
क्रोधमूलो विनाशो हि प्रजानामिह दृश्यते ।
तत्कथं मादृशः क्रोधमुत्सृजेल्लोकनाशनम् ॥ ३.२९.६ ॥
Here, the ruin of creatures is seen to have anger as its root. How then should one like me give vent to anger, which destroys the world?
3.29.7
क्रुद्धः पापं नरः कुर्यात्क्रुद्धो हन्याद्गुरूनपि ।
क्रुद्धः परुषया वाचा श्रेयसोऽप्यवमन्यते ॥ ३.२९.७ ॥
An angry man may do wrong; in anger he may even kill his elders. The angry man, with harsh speech, disrespects even the best.
3.29.8
वाच्यावाच्ये हि कुपितो न प्रजानाति कर्हिचित् ।
नाकार्यमस्ति क्रुद्धस्य नावाच्यं विद्यते तथा ॥ ३.२९.८ ॥
The enraged man never knows what may and what may not be said. For the angry man there is nothing that should not be done, and nothing that should not be said.
3.29.9
हिंस्यात्क्रोधादवध्यांस्तु वध्यान्संपूजयीत च ।
आत्मानमपि च क्रुद्धः प्रेषयेद्यमसादनम् ॥ ३.२९.९ ॥
Out of anger he may harm those who should not be harmed, and honor those who should be slain. The angry man may even send himself to the abode of Yama.
3.29.10
एतान्दोषान्प्रपश्यद्भिर्जितः क्रोधो मनीषिभिः ।
इच्छद्भिः परमं श्रेय इह चामुत्र चोत्तमम् ॥ ३.२९.१० ॥
Having clearly seen these faults, the wise, desiring the highest good here and hereafter, have conquered anger.
3.29.11
तं क्रोधं वर्जितं धीरैः कथमस्मद्विधश्ररेत् ।
एतद्द्रौपदि संस्मृत्यन मे मन्युः प्रवर्धते ॥ ३.२९.११ ॥
How should one like me practice that anger which the steadfast have abandoned? O Draupadī, even remembering this, my wrath keeps growing.
3.29.12
आत्मानं च परांश्चैव त्रायते महतो भयात् ।
क्रुध्यन्तमप्रतिक्रुध्यन्दूयोरेष चिकित्सकः ॥ ३.२९.१२ ॥
He who does not return anger to one who is angry protects both himself and others from great danger; he is the physician of both.
3.29.13
मूढो यदि क्लिश्यमानः क्रुध्यतेऽशक्तिमान्नरः ।
बलीयसां मनुष्याणां त्यजत्यात्मानमन्ततः ॥ ३.२९.१३ ॥
If a foolish, powerless man, afflicted, grows angry, in the end he abandons himself before the mighty men.
3.29.14
तस्यात्मानं संत्यजतो लोका नश्यन्त्यनात्मनः ।
तस्माद्द्रौपद्यशक्तस् मन्योर्नियमनं स्मृतम् ॥ ३.२९.१४ ॥
For him who abandons himself and lacks self-control, the worlds perish. Therefore, Draupadī, for the powerless, restraint of anger is declared to be the rule.
3.29.15
विद्वांस्तथैव यः शक्तः क्लिश्यमानः प्रकुप्यति ।
स नाशयित्वा द्वेष्टारं परलोके न नन्दति ॥ ३.२९.१५ ॥
Likewise, the wise and capable man who, afflicted, grows angry, does not rejoice in the next world even after destroying his enemy.
3.29.16
तस्माद्बलवता चैव दुर्बलेन च नित्यदा ।
क्षन्तव्यं पुरुषेणाहुरापत्स्वपि विजानता ॥ ३.२९.१६ ॥
Therefore, both the strong and the weak must always forbear, so they say; even in calamities, a man who knows should forbear in the same way.
3.29.17
मन्योर्हि विजयं कृष्णे प्रशंसन्तीह साधवः ।
क्षमावतो जयो नित्यं साधोरिह सतां मतम् ॥ ३.२९.१७ ॥
O Kṛṣṇā, here the virtuous indeed praise victory over anger; for the forgiving man victory is always there; this, among the good, is held to be the victory of the virtuous man here.
3.29.18
सत्यंचानृततः श्रेयो नृशंसाच्चानृशंसता ।
तमेवं बहुदोषं त क्रोधं सद्भिर्विवर्जितम्।
मादृशो विसृजेत्तस्मात्सर्वलोकविनाशनम् ॥ ३.२९.१८ ॥
Truth is better than falsehood, and kindness is better than cruelty. Therefore, such anger, full of many faults, shunned by the good, destroyer of all worlds, should be abandoned by a man like me.
3.29.19
तेजस्वीति यमाहुर्वै पण्डिता दीर्गदर्शिनः ।
न क्रोधोऽभ्यन्तरस्तस् भवतीति विनिश्चेतम् ॥ ३.२९.१९ ॥
Those learned men of far vision who call a man brilliant — it is certain that within him there is no inner anger.
3.29.20
वस्तु क्रोधं समुत्पन्नं प्रज्ञया परिबाधते ।
तेजस्विनं तं विदुषो मन्यन्ते तत्त्वदर्शिनः ॥ ३.२९.२० ॥
The one who, by wisdom, drives away the anger that has arisen — such a radiant man is regarded as such by the learned who see the truth.
3.29.21
क्रुद्धो हि कार्यं सुश्रोणि न यथावत्प्रपश्यति ।
नाकार्यं न च मर्यादां नरः क्रुद्धोऽनुपश्यति ॥ ३.२९.२१ ॥
O fair-hipped one, an angry man does not see duty as it truly is; the angry man does not perceive what should not be done, nor the boundary of propriety.
3.29.22
हन्त्यवध्यानपि क्रुद्धो गुरून्रूक्षैस्तुदत्यपि ।
तस्मात्तेजसि कर्तव्ये क्रोधो दूरात्प्रतिष्ठितः ॥ ३.२९.२२ ॥
An angry man kills even those who must not be killed, and wounds even his elders with harsh words. Therefore, when one is to act with radiance, anger should be kept far away.
3.29.23
दाक्ष्यं ह्यमर्षः शौर्यं च शीघ्रत्वमिति तेजसः ।
गुणाः क्रोधाभिभूतेन न शक्याः प्राप्तुमञ्जसा ॥ ३.२९.२३ ॥
Skill, impatience of wrong (amarṣa), valour and swiftness — these are the qualities of radiance; they cannot readily be attained by one overcome by anger.
3.29.24
क्रोधं त्यक्त्वा तु पुरुषः सम्यक्तेजोऽभिपद्यते ।
कालयुक्तं महाप्राज्ञैः क्रुद्धैस्तेजः सुदुर्लभम् ॥ ३.२९.२४ ॥
Only when a man has abandoned anger does he fully attain radiance; radiance fitted to the right time, obtained by the very wise, is exceedingly hard for the angry to win.
3.29.25
क्रोधस्त्वपण्डितैः शश्वत्तेज इत्यभिनिश्चितम् ।
रजस्तु लोकनाशाय विहितं मानुषान्प्रति ॥ ३.२९.२५ ॥
Anger, by the unwise, is firmly held to be always brilliance; but passion is ordained against human beings for the destruction of the worlds.
3.29.26
तस्माच्छश्वत्त्यजेत्क्रोधं पुरुषः सम्यगाचरन् ।
श्रेयान्स्वधर्मानपगो न क्रुद्ध इति निश्चितम् ॥ ३.२९.२६ ॥
Therefore a man should always abandon anger, conducting himself rightly; it is better not to stray from one's own duty, and not to be angry — this is certain.
3.29.27
यदि सर्वमबुद्धीनामतिक्रान्तमचेतसाम् ।
अतिक्रमो मद्विधस्य कथं स्वित्स्यादनिन्दिते ॥ ३.२९.२७ ॥
If all the transgressions of the unwise and senseless are passed over, how could there be a transgression for one such as I, O blameless one?
3.29.28
यदि न स्युर्मानुषेषु क्षमिणः पृथिवीसमाः ।
न स्यात्सन्धिर्मनुष्याणां क्रोधमूलो हि विग्रहः ॥ ३.२९.२८ ॥
If there were not among men those forbearing ones who are like the earth, there would be no peace among men, for strife is rooted in anger.
3.29.29
अभिषक्तो ह्यभिषजेदाहन्याद्गुरुणा हतः ।
एवं विनाशो भूतानाममधर्मः प्रथितो भवेत् ॥ ३.२९.२९ ॥
One who is attacked will attack his attacker, and one struck by an elder will strike back; thus would the destruction of beings and unrighteousness become widespread.
3.29.30
आक्रुष्ट पुरुषः सर्वं प्रत्याक्रोशेदनन्तरम् ।
प्रतिहन्याद्धतश्चैव तथा हिंस्याच्च हिंसितः ॥ ३.२९.३० ॥
A man who is reviled will immediately revile in return; one who is struck will strike back, and one who is harmed will harm in return.
3.29.31
हन्युर्हि पितरः पुत्रान्पुत्राश्चापि तथा पितॄन् ।
हन्युश्च पतयो भार्याः पतीन्भार्यास्तथैव च ॥ ३.२९.३१ ॥
Fathers may slay sons, and sons likewise may slay fathers. Husbands may slay wives, and wives likewise may slay husbands.
3.29.32
एवं संकुपिते लोके जन्म कृष्णो न विद्यते ।
प्रजानां सन्धिमूलं हि जन्म विद्धिशुभानने ॥ ३.२९.३२ ॥
When the world is thus agitated, birth (of good) is not found; know, O fair-faced one, that birth is indeed the root of the harmony of creatures.
3.29.33
ताः क्षीयेरन्प्रजाः सर्वाः क्षिप्रं द्रौपदि तादृशाः ।
तस्मान्मन्युर्विनाशाय प्रजानामभवाय च ॥ ३.२९.३३ ॥
O Draupadī, all such creatures would soon perish. Therefore anger is for the destruction and ruin of creatures.
3.29.34
यस्मात्तु लोके दृश्यन्ते क्षमिणः पृथिवीसमाः ।
तस्माज्जन्म च भूतानां भवश्च प्रतिपद्यते ॥ ३.२९.३४ ॥
Because in the world the forbearing are seen to be like the earth, therefore the birth and existence of beings are secured.
3.29.35
क्षन्तव्यं पुरुषेणेह सर्वापत्सु सुशोभने ।
क्षमावतो हि भूतानां जन्म चैव प्रकीर्तितम् ॥ ३.२९.३५ ॥
Here a man must forbear in every calamity, O fair one; for the birth of the forbearing beings is indeed declared to be praiseworthy.
3.29.36
आक्रुष्टस्ताडितः क्रुद्धः क्षमते यो बवीयसा ।
यश्च नित्यं जितक्रोधो विद्वानुत्तमपूरुषः।
प्रभाववानपि नरस्तस्य लोकाः सनातनाः ॥ ३.२९.३६ ॥
The man who, though reviled, struck and angered, forbears before his elder, and who is always victorious over anger, wise and a best of men — even if he be powerful, his worlds are eternal.
3.29.37
क्रोधनस्त्वल्पविज्ञानः प्रेत्य चेह च नश्यति ॥ ३.२९.३७ ॥
But the wrathful man of little understanding perishes, both after death and here.
3.29.38
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीमा गाथा नित्यं क्षमावताम् ।
गीताः क्षमावतां कृष्णे काश्यपेन महात्मना ॥ ३.२९.३८ ॥
Here too these verses are always recited concerning the forbearing; they were sung about the forbearing by the great-souled Kāśyapa.
3.29.39
क्षमा धर्मः क्षमा यज्ञः क्षमा वेदाः क्षमा श्रुतम् ।
यस्तमेवं विजानाति स सर्वं क्षन्तुर्महति ॥ ३.२९.३९ ॥
Forbearance is dharma, forbearance is sacrifice, forbearance is the Vedas, forbearance is what is heard; whoever knows it thus fully attains all that belongs to the forbearing one.
3.29.40
क्षमा ब्रह्म क्षमा सत्यं क्षमा भूतं च भावि च ।
क्षमा तपः क्षमा शौचं क्षमयेदं धृतं जगत् ॥ ३.२९.४० ॥
Forbearance is Brahman, forbearance is truth, forbearance is what has been and what will be; forbearance is austerity, forbearance is purity; by forbearance this world is upheld.
3.29.41
अति यज्ञविदां लोकान्क्षमिणः प्राप्नुवन्ति च ।
अति ब्रह्मविदां लोकानति चापि तपस्विनाम् ॥ ३.२९.४१ ॥
The forbearing attain worlds beyond those of the knowers of sacrifice, beyond those of the knowers of Brahman, and even beyond those of the ascetics.
3.29.42
अन्ये वै यजुषां लोकाः कर्मिणामपरे तथा ।
क्षमावतां ब्रह्मलोके लोकाः परमपूजिताः ॥ ३.२९.४२ ॥
The worlds of the Yajus-knowers are one thing, and those of the performers of rites another; but the worlds of the forbearing are in the world of Brahmā, most highly honoured.
3.29.43
क्षमा तेजस्विनां तेजः क्षमा ब्रह्म तपस्विनाम् ।
क्षमा सत्यं सत्यवतां क्षमा यज्ञः क्षमा शभः ॥ ३.२९.४३ ॥
Forbearance is the radiance of the radiant, forbearance is the sacred knowledge of ascetics. Forbearance is the truth of the truthful; forbearance is sacrifice; forbearance is auspiciousness.
3.29.44
तां क्षमां तादृशीं कृष्णे कथमस्मद्विधस्त्यजेत् ।
यत्रब्रह्म च सत्यं च यज्ञा लोकाश्च धिष्ठिताः ॥ ३.२९.४४ ॥
How could men like us abandon such forbearance as is in Kṛṣṇa, in whom sacred knowledge, truth, sacrifices and the worlds are established?
3.29.45
इज्यन्ते यज्वनां लोकाः क्षमिणामपरे तथा ।
क्षन्तव्यमेव सततं पुरुषेण विजानता।
यदा हि क्षमते सर्वं ब्रह्म संपद्यते तदा ॥ ३.२९.४५ ॥
The worlds of those who sacrifice are honoured, and likewise the worlds of the forbearing. A man who understands should always forbear; when he forbears everything, then he attains Brahman.
3.29.46
क्षमावतामयं लोकः परश्चैव क्षमावताम् ।
इह सन्मानमृच्छन्ति परत्र च परा गतिम् ॥ ३.२९.४६ ॥
This world belongs to the forbearing, and the next world too belongs to the forbearing. Here they receive honour, and there they attain the supreme goal.
3.29.47
येषां मन्युर्मनुष्याणां क्षमयाऽभिहतः सदा ।
तेषां परतरे लोकास्तस्मात्क्षान्तिः परा मता ॥ ३.२९.४७ ॥
For those men whose anger is always subdued by forbearance, there are higher worlds; therefore forbearance is held to be supreme.
3.29.48
इति गीताः काश्यपेन गाथानित्यं क्षमावताम् ।
श्रुत्वा गाथाः क्षमायास्त्वं तुष्यद्रौपदि मा क्रुधः ॥ ३.२९.४८ ॥
Thus have these verses about the forbearing always been sung by Kāśyapa. O Draupadī, having heard these verses on forbearance, be pleased; do not be angry.
3.29.49
पितामहः शान्तनवः रशमं संपूजयिष्यति ।
कृष्णश्च देवकीपुत्रः शमं संपूजयिष्यति ॥ ३.२९.४९ ॥
The grandfather, Śāntanu's son, will honour peace, and Kṛṣṇa, the son of Devakī, will honour peace.
3.29.50
आचार्यो विदुरः क्षत्ता शममेव वदिष्यतः ।
कृपश्च संजयश्चैव शममेव वदिष्यतः ॥ ३.२९.५० ॥
The teacher and the steward Vidura will speak of peace only; and Kṛpa and Sañjaya too will speak of peace only.
3.29.51
सोमदत्तो युयुत्सुश्च द्रोणपुत्रस्तथैव च ।
पितामहश्च नो व्यासः शमं वदति नित्यशः ॥ ३.२९.५१ ॥
Somadatta, Yuyutsu and the son of Droṇa likewise, and our grandfather Vyāsa constantly speaks of peace.
3.29.52
एतैर्हि राजा नियतं चोद्यमानः शमं प्रति ।
राज्यं दातेति मे बुद्धिर्न चेल्लोभान्नशिष्यति ॥ ३.२९.५२ ॥
Urged by all these toward peace, the king will surely give back the kingdom, is my conviction—if greed does not restrain him.
3.29.53
कालोऽयं दारुणः प्राप्तो भरतानामभूतये ।
निश्चितं मे सदैवैतत्पुरस्तादपि भामिति ॥ ३.२९.५३ ॥
O lady, a terrible time has come for the ruin of the Bharatas; this has always been my firm conviction, even before.
3.29.54
सुयोधनो नार्हतीति क्षमा मामेव विन्दति ।
अर्हस्तत्राहमित्येवं तस्मान्मां विन्दते क्षमा ॥ ३.२९.५४ ॥
Since Suyodhana does not deserve it, forbearance finds me; there I am the deserving one — for this reason forbearance finds me.
3.29.55
एतदात्मवतां वृत्तमेष धर्मः सनातनः ।
क्षमा चैवानृशंस्यं च तत्कर्ताऽस्म्यहमञ्जसा ॥ ३.२९.५५ ॥
This is the conduct of the self-controlled; this is eternal dharma. Forbearance and kindness — truly, I am one who practises them.