Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 3.31
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3.31.1
वल्गु चित्रपदं श्लक्ष्णं याज्ञसेनि त्वया वचः ।
उक्तं तच्छ्रुतमस्माभिर्नास्तिक्यं तु प्रभाषसे ॥ ३.३१.१ ॥
O daughter of Yajñasena, we have heard your pleasing words, ornate and gentle; but you speak of atheism.
3.31.2
नाहं धर्मफलाकाङ्क्षी राजपुत्रि चराम्भुत ।
ददामि देयमित्येव यजे यष्टव्यमित्युत ॥ ३.३१.२ ॥
O princess, O wondrous one, I do not practise dharma desiring its fruit; I give because giving is to be done, and I sacrifice because sacrifice is to be performed.
3.31.3
अस्तु वाऽत्र फलं मा वा कर्तव्यं पुरुषेण यत् ।
गृहे निवसता कृष्णे यथाशक्ति करोमि तत् ॥ ३.३१.३ ॥
Whether there is fruit here or not, O Kṛṣṇā, I do what a man must do, dwelling in the house, according to my ability.
3.31.4
धर्मं चरामि सुश्रोणि न धर्मफलकारणात् ।
आगमाननतिक्रम्य सतां वृत्तमवेक्ष्य च ॥ ३.३१.४ ॥
O lovely-hipped one, I practise dharma not for the sake of its fruit; without transgressing the scriptures, and having considered the conduct of the good, I follow dharma.
3.31.5
धर्म एव मनः कृष्णे स्वभावाच्चैव मे धृतम् ।
धर्मवाणिज्यको हीनो जघन्यो धर्मवादिनाम् ॥ ३.३१.५ ॥
O Kṛṣṇā, my mind is fixed on dharma alone, and by my very nature I hold to it; one who trades in dharma is the lowest and most base among those who speak of dharma.
3.31.6
न धर्मफलमाप्नोति यो धर्मं दोग्धुमिच्छति ।
यश्चैनं शङ्कते कृत्वा नास्तिक्यात्पापचेतनः ॥ ३.३१.६ ॥
He who wishes to milk dharma for gain does not obtain the fruit of dharma; and he who doubts it, out of atheism, becomes evil-minded.
3.31.7
अतिवादान्मदाच्चैव मा धर्ममभिशङ्कथाः ।
धर्मातिशङ्की पुरुषस्तिर्यग्गतिपरायणः ॥ ३.३१.७ ॥
Do not doubt dharma out of excessive boasting or arrogance. A man who excessively doubts dharma is bent on a crooked path.
3.31.8
धर्मो यस्यातिशङ्क्यः स्यादार्षं वा दुर्बलात्मनः ।
वेदाच्छूद्र इवापेयात्स लोकादजरामरात् ॥ ३.३१.८ ॥
For one to whom dharma becomes excessively doubtful, or for a weak-minded man to whom the sages' word is doubtful, he is cut off from the Veda like a Śūdra, like something unfit to drink, and he is cut off from the ageless, deathless world.
3.31.9
वेदाध्यायी धर्मपरः कुले जातो मनस्विनि ।
स्थविरेषु स योक्तव्यो राजभिर्धर्मचारिभिः ॥ ३.३१.९ ॥
One who studies the Veda, is devoted to dharma, and is born in a noble family should be appointed among the elders by kings who follow dharma.
3.31.10
पापीयान्स हि शूद्रेभ्यस्तस्करेभ्यो विशिष्यते ।
शास्त्रातिगो मन्दबुद्धिर्यो धर्ममतिशङ्कते ॥ ३.३१.१० ॥
That dull-witted man who transgresses the scripture and excessively doubts dharma is worse than a Śūdra and surpasses even thieves in sinfulness.
3.31.11
प्रत्यक्षं हि त्वया दृष्ट ऋषिर्गच्छन्महातपाः ।
मार्कण्डेयोऽप्रमेयात्मा धर्मेण चिरजीविता ॥ ३.३१.११ ॥
You yourself have seen before your eyes the great ascetic sage Mārkaṇḍeya, of immeasurable self, walking about; through dharma he has long life.
3.31.12
व्यासो वसिष्ठो मैत्रेयो नारदो लोमशः शुकः ।
अन्ये च ऋषयः सर्वे धर्मेणैव सुचेतसः ॥ ३.३१.१२ ॥
Vyāsa, Vasiṣṭha, Maitreya, Nārada, Lomaśa, Śuka, and all the other sages of sound mind are so through dharma alone.
3.31.13
प्रत्यक्षं पश्यसि ह्येतान्दिव्ययोगसमन्वितान् ।
शापानुग्रहणे शक्तान्देवेभ्योऽपि गरीयसः ॥ ३.३१.१३ ॥
You see before you these men, endowed with divine power, able to curse and to bestow favour, greater even than the gods.
3.31.14
एते हि धर्ममेवादौ वर्णयन्ति सदाऽनधे ।
कर्तव्यममरप्रख्याः प्रत्यक्षागमबुद्धयः ॥ ३.३१.१४ ॥
O sinless one, these men always first proclaim dharma and teach what is to be done; like the immortals, their understanding rests on direct knowledge and scripture.
3.31.15
अतो नार्हसि कल्याणि धातारं धर्ममेव च ।
रजोमूढेन मनसा क्षेप्तुं शङ्कितुमेव च ॥ ३.३१.१५ ॥
Therefore, O auspicious lady, it is not fitting for you, with a mind deluded by passion, to revile or to doubt the Creator and dharma itself.
3.31.16
उन्मत्तान्मन्यते बालः सर्वानागतनिश्चयान् ।
धर्मातिशङ्की नान्यस्मिन्प्रमाणमधिगच्छति ॥ ३.३१.१६ ॥
The fool takes everyone of settled conviction for a madman; one who doubts dharma excessively finds no authority in anything else.
3.31.17
इन्द्रियप्रीतिसंबद्धं यदिदं लोकसाक्षिकम् ।
एतावन्मन्यते बालो मोहमन्यत्र गच्छति ॥ ३.३१.१७ ॥
The fool thinks that this alone—bound to the pleasures of the senses and witnessed by the world—is all there is, and goes astray into another delusion.
3.31.18
प्रायश्चित्तं न तस्यास्ति यो धर्ममतिशङ्कते ।
ध्यायन्स कृपणः पापो न लोकान्प्रतिपद्यते ॥ ३.३१.१८ ॥
There is no expiation for one who excessively doubts dharma; wretched and sinful, brooding on it, he does not attain the worlds.
3.31.19
प्रमाणाद्धि निवृत्तो हि वेदशास्त्रार्थनिन्दकः ।
कामलोभानुगो मूढो नरकं प्रतिपद्यते ॥ ३.३१.१९ ॥
The deluded man who turns away from authority, reviles the meaning of the Veda and the scriptures, and follows desire and greed, attains hell.
3.31.20
आर्षं प्रमाणमुत्क्राम्य धर्मं न प्रतिपालयन् ।
सर्वशास्त्रातिगो मूढः शं जन्मसु न विन्दति ॥ ३.३१.२० ॥
The deluded man who transgresses the authority of the sages, does not uphold dharma, and goes beyond all scriptures finds no happiness in future births.
3.31.21
यस्तु नित्यं कृतमतिर्धर्ममेवाभिपद्यते ।
अशङ्कमानः कल्याणि सोऽमुत्रानन्त्यमश्नुते ॥ ३.३१.२१ ॥
He who, with resolute mind, always takes refuge in dharma alone, without doubt, O auspicious one, enjoys infinite bliss in the other world.
3.31.22
यस्य नार्षं प्रमाणं स्याच्छिष्टाचारश्च भामिनि ।
न वै तस्य परो लोको नायमस्तीति निश्चयः ॥ ३.३१.२२ ॥
For one who has neither the authority of the sages nor the conduct of the learned, O lady, there is no other world and no this world—this is the certainty.
3.31.23
शिष्टैराचरितं धर्मं कृष्णे मास्मातिशङ्कथाः ।
पुराणमृषिभिः प्रोक्तं सर्वज्ञैः सर्वदर्शिभिः ॥ ३.३१.२३ ॥
O Kṛṣṇā, do not doubt excessively the dharma practised by the learned; it is the ancient lore declared by the sages, the all-knowing and all-seeing.
3.31.24
धर्म एव प्लवो नान्यः स्वर्गं द्रौपदि गच्छताम् ।
सैवः नौः सागरस्येव वणिजः पारमिच्छतः ॥ ३.३१.२४ ॥
O Draupadī, for those going to heaven dharma alone is the boat, and no other; like a ship to a merchant who wishes to cross the ocean.
3.31.25
अफलो यदि धर्मः स्याच्चरितो धर्मचारिभिः ।
अप्रतिष्ठे तमस्येतज्जगन्मज्जेदनिन्दिते ॥ ३.३१.२५ ॥
If dharma practised by the righteous were fruitless, this world would sink into groundless darkness, O blameless one.
3.31.26
निर्वाणं नाधिगच्छेयुर्जीवेयुः पशुजीविकाम् ।
विघातेनैव युज्येयुर्न चार्थं कंचिदाप्नुयुः ॥ ३.३१.२६ ॥
They would not attain liberation, would live the life of beasts, would be joined only to destruction, and would obtain no gain whatsoever.
3.31.27
तपश्च ब्रह्मचर्यं च यज्ञः स्वाध्याय एव च ।
दानमार्जवमेतानि यदि स्युरफलानि वै ॥ ३.३१.२७ ॥
If austerity, celibate studentship, sacrifice, the study of scripture, giving, and uprightness were indeed all fruitless.
3.31.28
नाचरिष्यन्परे धर्मं परे परतरेऽपि च ।
दानमार्जवमेतानि यदि स्युरफलानि वै ॥ ३.३१.२८ ॥
Others, later ones, and even more distant ones would not practise dharma, if giving and uprightness were fruitless.
3.31.29
ऋषयस्चैव देवाश्च गन्धर्वासुरराक्षसाः ।
ईश्वराः कस्य हेतोस्ते चरेयुर्धर्ममादृताः ॥ ३.३१.२९ ॥
Sages, gods, gandharvas, asuras and rākṣasas, those mighty beings, for what reason would they practise dharma reverently?
3.31.30
फलदं त्विह विज्ञाय धातारं श्रेयसि स्थितम् ।
धर्मं तेऽव्यचरन्कृष्णे स हि धर्म सनातनः ॥ ३.३१.३० ॥
Knowing here the fruit-giving Dhātṛ abiding in welfare, they practise dharma. O Kṛṣṇā, that dharma is indeed eternal.
3.31.31
स चायं सफलो धर्मो न धर्मोऽफल उच्यते ।
दृश्यन्तेऽपि हि विद्यानां फलानि तपसां तथा ॥ ३.३१.३१ ॥
This dharma bears fruit; dharma is not called fruitless. The fruits of knowledges and likewise of austerities are indeed seen.
3.31.32
त्वय्येतद्वै विजानीहि जन्म कृष्णे यथाश्रुतम् ।
वेत्थ चापि यथा जातो धृष्टद्युम्नः प्रतापवान् ॥ ३.३१.३२ ॥
Know this birth of yours, Kṛṣṇā, just as it has been heard; and you also know how the mighty Dhṛṣṭadyumna was born.
3.31.33
एतावदेव पर्याप्तमुपमानं शुचिस्मिते ।
कर्मणां फलमस्तीति धीरोऽल्पेनापि तुष्यति ॥ ३.३१.३३ ॥
This much, indeed, is a sufficient example, O pure-smiling one, that there is a fruit of actions; the steady man is content even with little.
3.31.34
बहुनाऽपि ह्यविद्वांसो नैव तुष्यन्त्यबुद्धयः ।
तेषां न ध्मजं किंचित्प्रेत्य कर्मास्ति शर्म वा ॥ ३.३१.३४ ॥
Even with much, the unlearned and unwise are not content; for them, after death, there is nothing from action, nor any happiness.
3.31.35
कर्मणामुत पुण्यानां पापानां च फलोदयः ।
प्रभवश्चाप्ययश्चैव देवगुह्यानि भामिनि ॥ ३.३१.३५ ॥
The rising of the fruits of actions, meritorious and sinful, and their origin and dissolution—these are the secrets of the gods, O radiant one.
3.31.36
नैतानि वेद यः कश्चिन्मुह्यन्त्यत्र प्रजा इमाः ।
अपि कल्पसहस्रेण न च श्रेयोऽधिगच्छति ॥ ३.३१.३६ ॥
Whoever does not know these, here these creatures are deluded; even in a thousand kalpas he does not attain the highest good.
3.31.37
रक्ष्याण्येतानि देवानां गूढमाया हि देवताः ।
कृशाङ्गाः सुब्रताश्चैव तपसा दग्धकिल्विषाः।
प्रसन्नैर्मानसैर्युक्ताः पश्यन्त्येतानि वै द्विजाः ॥ ३.३१.३७ ॥
These are guarded by the gods, for the gods possess hidden power. Lean of body, of good vows, their sins burnt away by austerity, the twice-born, with serene minds, indeed see these.
3.31.38
न फलादर्सनाद्धर्मः शङ्कितव्यो न देवताः ।
यष्टव्यं च प्रयत्नेन दातव्यं चानमूयता ॥ ३.३१.३८ ॥
Dharma should not be doubted because its fruit is not seen, nor the gods. One should perform sacrifice with effort, and give gifts without envy.
3.31.39
कर्मणां फलमस्तीह तथैतद्धर्मशासनम् ।
ब्रह्मा प्रोवाच पुत्राणां यदृषिर्वेद काश्यपः ॥ ३.३१.३९ ॥
There is fruit of actions here, and this is the teaching of dharma. Brahmā declared this to his sons, as the sage Kāśyapa knows.
3.31.40
तस्मात्ते संशयः कृष्णे नीहार इव नश्यतु ।
विमृश्य सर्वमस्तीति नास्तिक्यं भावमुत्सृज ॥ ३.३१.४० ॥
Therefore, O Kṛṣṇa, let your doubt perish like mist. Having reflected that all things exist, abandon the attitude of atheism.
3.31.41
ईश्वरं चापि भूतानां धातारं मा च वै क्षिप ।
शिक्षस्वैनं नमस्वैनं मा तेऽभूद्बुद्धिरीदृशी ॥ ३.३१.४१ ॥
Do not revile the Lord of beings or the Creator. Strive to know him, bow to him; may your mind never be such.
3.31.42
यस्य प्रसादात्तद्भक्तो मर्त्यो गच्छत्यमर्त्यताम् ।
उत्तमां देवतां कृष्णे मातिवोचः कथंचन ॥ ३.३१.४२ ॥
By whose grace his devotee, though mortal, attains immortality, of that supreme deity Kṛṣṇa do not speak ill in any way.