Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 3.314

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3.314.1

स ददर्श हतान्भ्रातृँल्लोकपालानिव च्युतान् ।
युगान्ते समनुप्राप्ते शक्रवैश्रवणोपमान् ॥ ३.३१४.१ ॥

He saw his brothers slain, like the world-guardians fallen at the end of an age, equal to Indra and Vaiśravaṇa.

3.314.2

विनिकीर्णधनुर्बाणं दृष्ट्वा निहतमर्जुनम् ।
भीमसेनं यमौ चैव निर्विचेष्टान्गतायुषः ॥ ३.३१४.२ ॥

Seeing Arjuna slain, his bow and arrows scattered, and Bhīmasena and the twins motionless, their lives gone.

3.314.3

सदीर्घमुष्णं निःश्वस्य शोकबाष्पपरिप्लुतः ।
तान्दृष्ट्वा पतितान्भ्रातॄन्सर्वांश्चिन्तासमन्वितः। ॥ ३.३१४.३ ॥

Sighing long and hot, overwhelmed with grief and tears, seeing all his brothers fallen, he was filled with anxiety.

3.314.4

ननु त्वया महाबाहो प्रतिज्ञातं वृकोदर ।
सुयोधनस्य भेत्स्यामि गदया सक्थिनी रणे ॥ ३.३१४.४ ॥

Did you not vow, O mighty-armed Vṛkodara, that in battle I will break both thighs of Suyodhana with my mace?

3.314.5

व्यर्थं तदद्य मे सर्वं त्वयि वीरे निपातिते ।
महात्मनि महाबाहो कुरूणां कीर्तिवर्धने ॥ ३.३१४.५ ॥

Today all of that is in vain, now that you, O hero, great-souled and mighty-armed, increaser of the glory of the Kurus, have fallen.

3.314.6

मनुष्यसंभवा वाचो विधर्मिण्यः प्रतिश्रुताः ।
भवतां दिव्यवाचस्तु ता भवन्तु कथं मृषा ॥ ३.३१४.६ ॥

Human words may be pledged contrary to dharma, but how could your divine words become false?

3.314.7

देवाश्चापि यदाऽवोचन्मूतके त्वां धनंजय ।
सहस्राक्षादनवरः कुन्ति पुत्रस्तवेति वै ॥ ३.३१४.७ ॥

When the gods too spoke of you at your birth-rite, Dhanaṃjaya: 'You are not inferior to the thousand-eyed one; you are Kuntī's son, and truly yours.'

3.314.8

उत्तरे पारियात्रे च जगुर्भूतानि सर्वशः ।
विप्रनष्टां श्रियं चैषामाहर्ता पुनरोजसा ॥ ३.३१४.८ ॥

In the north and on the Pāriyātra mountains all beings sang that he would bring back their lost fortune again by his own strength.

3.314.9

नास्य जेता रणे कश्चिदजेता नैष कस्यचित् ।
सोयं मृत्युवशं यातः कथं जिष्णुर्महाबलः ॥ ३.३१४.९ ॥

No one could conquer him in battle, and he was not unconquered by anyone. How has this mighty Jiṣṇu gone under the power of death?

3.314.10

अयं ममाशां संहत्य शेते भूमौ धनंजयः ।
आश्रित्ययं वयं नाथं दुःखान्येतानि सेहिम ॥ ३.३१४.१० ॥

Having shattered my hope, Dhanaṃjaya lies upon the ground. Relying on this lord, we bore these sorrows.

3.314.11

रणे प्रगल्भौ वीरौ च सदा शत्रुनिबर्हणौ ।
कथं रिपुवशं यातौ कुन्तीपुत्रौ महाबलौ।
यौ सर्वास्त्रा प्रतिहतौ भीमसेनधनंजयौ ॥ ३.३१४.११ ॥

Bold heroes, always slayers of enemies, unassailable by every weapon, the two mighty sons of Kuntī, Bhīmasena and Dhanaṃjaya — how have they fallen under the enemy's power?

3.314.12

अश्मसारमयं नूनं हृदयं मम दुर्हृदः ।
यमौ यदेतौ दृष्ट्वाऽद्य पतितौ नावदीर्यते ॥ ३.३१४.१२ ॥

Surely my heart is made of iron and stone, hard-hearted, since it does not break apart, seeing these twins fallen today.

3.314.13

शास्त्रज्ञा देशकालज्ञास्तपोयुक्ताः क्रियान्विताः ।
अकृत्वा सदृशं कर्म किं शेध्वं पुरुषर्षभाः ॥ ३.३१४.१३ ॥

Knowers of the scriptures, knowers of place and time, endowed with asceticism and devoted to action, bulls among men, why do you lie here without having performed any fitting deed?

3.314.14

अविक्षतशरीराश्चाप्यप्रमृष्टशरासनाः ।
असंज्ञा भुवि संगम्य किं शेष्वमपराजिताः ॥ ३.३१४.१४ ॥

With unwounded bodies and bows not yet wiped clean, unconscious and gathered together on the ground, unconquered ones, why do you lie here?

3.314.15

सानूनि वाद्रेः संसुप्तान्दृष्ट्वा भ्रातृन्महामतिः ।
सुखं प्रसुप्तान्प्रस्विन्नः खिन्नः कष्टां दशां गतः ॥ ३.३१४.१५ ॥

Seeing his brothers sleeping soundly on the slopes of the mountain, the wise one, sweating and distressed, fell into a painful state.

3.314.16

एवमेवेदमित्युक्त्वा धर्मात्मा स नरेश्वरः ।
शोकसागरमध्यस्थो दध्यौ कारणमाकुलः ॥ ३.३१४.१६ ॥

Saying, 'It is indeed so,' that righteous-souled lord of men, plunged in the midst of an ocean of grief, agitated, pondered the cause.

3.314.17

इतिकर्तव्यतां चेति देशकालविभागवित् ।
नाभिपेदे महाबाहुश्चिन्तयानो महामतिः ॥ ३.३१४.१७ ॥

Pondering what was to be done, the mighty-armed wise one, knower of the divisions of place and time, could find no way forward.

3.314.18

अथ संस्तभ्य धर्मात्मा तदाऽऽत्मानं तपःसुतः ।
एवं विलप्य बहुधा धर्मपुत्रो युधिष्ठिरः।
बुद्ध्या विचिन्तयामास वीराः केन निपातिताः ॥ ३.३१४.१८ ॥

Then the righteous-souled son of austerity steadied himself. Lamenting in many ways, Yudhiṣṭhira, son of Dharma, reflected with his intellect: 'By whom have these heroes been struck down?'

3.314.19

नैषां शस्त्रप्रहारोस्ति पदं नेहास्ति कस्यचित् ।
भूतं महदेदं मन्ये भ्रातरो येन मे हताः ॥ ३.३१४.१९ ॥

There is no mark of weapon-blows on these men, and no footprint of anyone here. I think it is some great spirit that has slain my brothers.

3.314.20

एकाग्रं चिन्तयिष्यामि पीत्वा वेत्स्यामि वा जलम् ।
भ्रातॄणां न्न्यसनं घोरं सममेव महात्मनाम् ॥ ३.३१४.२० ॥

I shall think with one-pointed mind, or I shall know after drinking water. This terrible downfall of my great-souled brothers came all at once.

3.314.21

स्यात्तु दुर्योधनेनेदमुपांशु परिकल्पितम् ।
गान्धारराजरचितं सततं जिह्मबुद्धिना ॥ ३.३१४.२१ ॥

Surely this was secretly devised by Duryodhana, contrived by the king of Gandhāra, by the one of crooked mind at all times.

3.314.22

यस् कार्यमकार्यं वा सममेव भवत्युत ।
कस्तस्य विश्वसेद्वीरो दुष्कृतेरकृतात्मनः ॥ ३.३१४.२२ ॥

Whatever is to be done or not done, it becomes the same. What hero would trust him, the wicked one of unrefined soul?

3.314.23

अथवा पुरुषैर्गूढैः प्रयोगोऽयंदुरात्मनः ।
भवेदिति महाबुद्धिर्बहुधा समचिन्तयत् ॥ ३.३१४.२३ ॥

Or else this may be a stratagem carried out by the secret agents of that wicked one. Thus the great-minded one reflected in many ways.

3.314.24

आचार्यं किं नु वक्ष्यामि कृपं भीष्ममहं नु किम् ।
विदुरं किं नु वक्ष्यामि बृहस्पतिसमं नये ॥ ३.३१४.२४ ॥

What shall I say to the teacher? What shall I say to Kṛpa and Bhīṣma? What shall I say to Vidura, equal to Bṛhaspati in counsel?

3.314.25

अम्बां च किं नु वक्ष्यामि सर्वदा दुःखभागिनीम् ।
दृष्ट्वा मां भ्रातृभिर्हीनं पृच्छन्तीं पुत्रगृद्धिनीम् ॥ ३.३१४.२५ ॥

What shall I say to mother Ambā (Kuntī), ever a sharer in sorrow, when, seeing me bereft of my brothers, she asks, eager for her sons?

3.314.26

यदा त्वं भ्रातृभिः सर्वैः शक्रतुल्यपराक्रमैः ।
सार्धं वनं गतो वीरैः कथमेकस्त्वमागतः ॥ ३.३१४.२६ ॥

When you went to the forest together with all your brothers, heroes equal to Indra in valour, how have you come back alone?

3.314.27

कस्य किं नु विषेणेदमुदकं दूषितं यथा ।
मृतानामपि चैतेषां विकृतं नैव जायते।
मुखवर्णाः प्रसन्ना मे भ्रातॄणामित्यचिन्तयत् ॥ ३.३१४.२७ ॥

"By whom, and with what poison, has this water been polluted? Even though they are dead, no change appears in them; the faces of my brothers remain serene." Thus he reflected.

3.314.28

एकैकशश्चौघबलानिमान्पुरुषसत्तमान् ।
कोऽन्यः प्रतिसमासेत कालान्तक यमादृते ॥ ३.३१४.२८ ॥

Who else, except Yama, the ender of time, could withstand these best of men, whose strength is like a flood, one by one?

3.314.29

एतेन व्यवसायेन तत्तोयं व्यवगाढवान् ।
पातुकामश्च तत्तोयमन्तरिक्षात्स शुश्रुवे ॥ ३.३१४.२९ ॥

With this resolve he plunged into that water; and as he went down to drink, he heard a voice from the sky.

3.314.30

अहं बकः शैवलमत्स्यभक्षो ।
नीता मया प्रेतवशं तवानुजाः।
त्वं पञ्चमो भविता राजपुत्र ।
न चेत्प्रश्नान्पृच्छतो व्याकरोषि ॥ ३.३१४.३० ॥

I am a crane, eater of moss and fish. Your younger brothers I have taken to the power of death. O prince, if you do not answer my questions, you will be the fifth.

3.314.31

मा तात साहसं कार्षीर्मम पूर्वपरिग्रहः ।
प्रश्नानुक्त्वा तु कौन्तेय ततः पिब हरस्व च ॥ ३.३१४.३१ ॥

Dear child, do not act rashly on water already claimed by me. Son of Kuntī, answer the questions first, then drink and take it.

3.314.32

रुद्राणां वा वसूनां वा मरुतां वा प्रधानभाक् ।
पृच्छामि को भवान्देवो नैतच्छकुनिना कृतम् ॥ ३.३१४.३२ ॥

Foremost among the Rudras, Vasus, or Maruts, I ask you: who are you, god? This was not done by Śakuni.

3.314.33

हिमवान्पारियात्रश्च विन्ध्यो मलय एव च ।
चत्वारः पर्वताः केन पातिता भुवि तेजसा ॥ ३.३१४.३३ ॥

Himālaya, Pāriyātra, Vindhya, and Malaya — these four mountains, by whose power were they felled upon the earth?

3.314.34

त्वयाऽतीव महत्कर्म कृतं च बलिनां वर ।
विनिघ्नता महेष्वासांश्चतुरोपि ममात्मजान् ॥ ३.३१४.३४ ॥

Best of the mighty, you have done a very great deed, slaying my four sons, great archers though they were.

3.314.35

यान्न देवा न गन्धर्वा नासुराश्च न राक्षसाः ।
विपहेरन्महायुद्धे कृतं ते तन्महाद्भुतम् ॥ ३.३१४.३५ ॥

Those whom neither gods, gandharvas, asuras, nor rākṣasas could withstand in a great battle — this is your most wondrous deed.

3.314.36

न ते जानामि यत्कार्यं नाभिजानामि काङ्क्षितम् ।
कौतूहलं महज्जातं साध्वसं चागतं मम ॥ ३.३१४.३६ ॥

I do not know your purpose, nor do I understand what you desire. A great curiosity has arisen in me, and fear has come upon me.

3.314.37

येनास्स्युद्विग्नहृदयः समुत्पन्न शिरोज्वरः ।
पृच्छामि भगवंस्तस्मात्को भवानिह तिष्ठति ॥ ३.३१४.३७ ॥

Because my heart is troubled and a fever has arisen in my head, therefore I ask, O revered one: who are you who stand here?

3.314.38

यक्षोऽहमस्मि भद्रं ते नास्मि पक्षी जलेचरः ।
मयैते निहता सर्वे भ्रातरस्ते निवारिताः ॥ ३.३१४.३८ ॥

I am a yaksha; may good be yours. I am not a bird that moves in water. By me all these brothers of yours were slain and held back.

3.314.39

ततस्तामशिवां श्रुत्वा वाचं स परुषाक्षराम् ।
यक्षस्य ब्रुवतो राजन्नाकम्पत तदाऽऽस्थितः ॥ ३.३१४.३९ ॥

Then, having heard that inauspicious speech harsh in its syllables, O king, while the yaksha was speaking, he did not tremble; he remained steady.

3.314.40

विरूपाक्षं महाकायं यक्षं तालसमुच्छ्रयम् ।
ज्वलनार्कप्रतीकाशमधृष्यं पर्वतोपमम् ॥ ३.३१४.४० ॥

He saw the yaksha with distorted eyes and a vast body, tall as a palm tree, like blazing fire and the sun, unassailable, like a mountain.

3.314.41

सेतुमाश्रित्य तिष्ठन्तं ददर्श भरतर्षभः ।
मेघगम्भीरनादेन तर्जयन्तं महास्वनम् ॥ ३.३१४.४१ ॥

The bull of the Bharatas saw him standing, leaning on the bridge, threatening with a great sound, deep as a thundercloud's voice.

3.314.42

उवाच यक्षः कौन्तेयं भ्रातृशोकप्रपीडितम् ॥ ३.३१४.४२ ॥

The yaksha spoke to the son of Kuntī, tormented by grief for his brothers.

3.314.43

इमे ते भ्रातरो राजन्वार्यमाणा मयाऽसकृत् ।
बलात्तोयं जिहीर्षन्तस्ततो वै मृदिता मया।
न पेयमुदकं राजन्प्राणानिह परीप्सता ॥ ३.३१४.४३ ॥

O king, these brothers of yours, though I forbade them again and again, wished to take the water by force, so I struck them down. O king, one who wishes to save his life here should not drink this water.

3.314.44

पार्थ मा साहसं कार्षीर्मम पूर्वपरिग्रहः ।
प्रश्नानुक्त्वा तु कौन्तेय ततः पिब हरस्व च ॥ ३.३१४.४४ ॥

O son of Pṛthā, do not act rashly with this water, which I have claimed first. O son of Kuntī, answer my questions first, and then drink and take it.

3.314.45

न चाहं कामये यक्ष तव पूर्वपरिग्रहम् ॥ ३.३१४.४५ ॥

And I do not desire your prior claim, O yaksha.

3.314.46

कामं नैतत्प्रशंसन्ति सन्तो हि पुरुषाः सदा ।
यदात्मना स्वमात्मानं प्रशंसेत्पुरुषर्षभ।
यथाप्रज्ञं तु ते प्रश्नान्प्रतिवक्ष्यामि पृच्छ माम् ॥ ३.३१४.४६ ॥

Indeed the good men never praise it when a man praises himself. Yet, O bull among men, I will answer your questions according to my wisdom; ask me.

3.314.47

किंस्विदादित्यमुन्नयति के च तस्याभितश्चराः ।
कश्चैनमस्तं नयति कस्मिंश्च प्रतितिष्ठति ॥ ३.३१४.४७ ॥

Who raises up the sun? Who move around him? Who leads him to setting, and on what does he stand firm?

3.314.48

ब्रह्मादित्यमुन्नयति देवास्तस्याभितश्चराः ।
धर्मश्चास्तं नयति च सत्ये च प्रतितिष्ठति ॥ ३.३१४.४८ ॥

Brahman raises up the sun; the gods move around him. Dharma leads him to setting, and he stands firm in truth.

3.314.49

केन स्विच्छ्रोत्रियो भवति केन स्विद्विन्दते महत् ।
केन स्विद्द्वितीयवान्भवति राजन्केन च बुद्धिमान् ॥ ३.३१४.४९ ॥

By what does one become learned in the Veda? By what does one obtain the great thing? By what, O king, does one become one with a second? And by what does one become wise?

3.314.50

श्रुतेन श्रोत्रियो भवति तपसा विन्दते महत् ।
धृत्या द्वितीयवान्भवति बुद्धिमान्वृद्धसेवया ॥ ३.३१४.५० ॥

By learning one becomes learned in the Veda; by austerity one obtains the great thing; by steadfastness one becomes one with a second; by serving the elders one becomes wise.

3.314.51

किं ब्राह्मणानां देवत्वं कश्च धर्मः सतामिव ।
कश्चैषां मानुषो भावः किमेषामसतामिव ॥ ३.३१४.५१ ॥

What is the divinity of brahmins? What is their duty, like that of the good? What is the human state of these? What is theirs, like that of the wicked?

3.314.52

स्वाध्याय एषां देवत्वं तप एषां सतामिव ।
मरणं मानुषो भावः परिवादोऽसतामिव ॥ ३.३१४.५२ ॥

Their divinity is recitation of the Veda; their austerity is like that of the good; death is their human nature; reproach is like that of the wicked.

3.314.53

किं क्षत्रियाणां देवत्वं कश्च धर्मः सतामिव ।
कश्चैषां मानुषो भावः किमेषामसतामिव ॥ ३.३१४.५३ ॥

What is the divinity of kshatriyas? What is their duty, like that of the good? What is the human state of these? What is theirs, like that of the wicked?

3.314.54

इष्वस्त्रमेषां देवत्वं यज्ञ एषां सतामिव ।
भयं वै मानुषो भावः परित्यागोऽसतामिव ॥ ३.३१४.५४ ॥

Their divinity is arrows and weapons; their sacrifice is like that of the good; fear is indeed their human nature; abandonment is like that of the wicked.

3.314.55

किमेकं यज्ञियं साम किमेकं यज्ञियं यजुः ।
का चैषां वृणुते यज्ञं कां यज्ञो नातिवर्तते ॥ ३.३१४.५५ ॥

What is the one Sāman fit for sacrifice? What is the one Yajus fit for sacrifice? Which of these chooses the sacrifice, and which does the sacrifice never transgress?

3.314.56

प्राणो वै यज्ञियं साम मनो वै यज्ञियं यजुः ।
ऋगेका वृणुते यज्ञं तां यज्ञो नातिवर्तते ॥ ३.३१४.५६ ॥

Breath is indeed the Sāman fit for sacrifice, and mind is indeed the Yajus fit for sacrifice. The single Ṛc chooses the sacrifice, and the sacrifice does not transgress it.

3.314.57

किंस्विदावपतां श्रेष्ठं किंस्विन्निवपतां वरम् ।
किंस्वित्प्रतिष्ठमानानां किस्वित्प्रसवतां वरम् ॥ ३.३१४.५७ ॥

Among those who sow, what is best? Among those who scatter seed, what is excellent? Among those who stand firm, what is best? Among those who bring forth, what is excellent?

3.314.58

वर्षमावपतां श्रेष्ठं बीजं निवपतां वरम् ।
गावः प्रतिष्ठमानानां पुत्रः प्रसवतां वरः ॥ ३.३१४.५८ ॥

Among those who sow, rain is the best; among those who scatter seed, the seed itself is excellent. Among those who stand firm, cows are the best; among those who bring forth, the son is excellent.

3.314.59

इन्द्रियार्थाननुभवन्बुद्धिमाँल्लोकपूजितः ।
संमतः सर्वभूतानामुच्छ्वसन्को न जीवति ॥ ३.३१४.५९ ॥

Who, though intelligent, enjoying the objects of the senses, honored in the world, and esteemed by all beings, breathing yet does not truly live?

3.314.60

देवतातिथिभृत्यानां पितॄणामात्मनश्च यः ।
न निर्वपति पञ्चानामुच्छ्वसन्न स जीवति ॥ ३.३१४.६० ॥

He who makes no offering for these five — the gods, guests, servants, ancestors, and himself — does not truly live, even while breathing.

3.314.61

किंस्विद्गुरुतरं भूमेः किंस्विदुच्चतरं च खात् ।
किंस्विच्छीघ्रतरं वायोः किंस्विद्बहुतरं तृणात् ॥ ३.३१४.६१ ॥

What is heavier than the earth? What is higher than the sky? What is swifter than the wind? What is more numerous than grass?

3.314.62

माता गुरुतरा भूमेः खात्पितोच्चतरस्तथा ।
मनः शीघ्रतरं वाताच्चिन्ता बहुतरी तृणात् ॥ ३.३१४.६२ ॥

A mother is heavier than the earth, a father higher than the sky. The mind is swifter than the wind, and anxiety is more numerous than grass.

3.314.63

किंस्वित्सुप्तं न निमिषति किंस्विज्जातं न चेङ्गते ।
कस्यस्विद्धृदयं नास्ति का स्विद्वेगेन वर्धते ॥ ३.३१४.६३ ॥

What sleeps yet never blinks? What, once born, never moves? Whose heart does not exist? What grows swiftly?

3.314.64

मत्स्यः सुप्तो न निमिषत्यण्डं जातं न चेङ्गते ।
अश्मनो हृदयं नास्ति नदी वेगेन वर्धते ॥ ३.३१४.६४ ॥

A sleeping fish does not blink; a hatched egg does not move. A stone has no heart; a river swells with speed.

3.314.65

किंस्वित्प्रवसतो मित्रं किंस्विन्मित्रं गृहे सतः ।
आतुरस् च किं मित्रं किंस्विन्मित्रं मरिष्यतः ॥ ३.३१४.६५ ॥

Who is the friend of the traveler? Who is the friend of one who stays at home? Who is the friend of the sick? And who is the friend of one about to die?

3.314.66

विद्या प्रवसतो मित्रं भार्या मित्रं गृहे सतः ।
आतुरस्य भिषङ्मित्रं दानं मित्रं मरिष्यतः ॥ ३.३१४.६६ ॥

Learning is the friend of the traveler; a wife is the friend of one who stays at home. The physician is the friend of the sick; giving is the friend of one about to die.

3.314.67

कोऽतिथिः सर्वभूतानां किं स्विद्धर्मं सनातनम् ।
अमृतं किंस्विद्राजेन्द्रकिंस्वित्सर्वमिदं जगत् ॥ ३.३१४.६७ ॥

Who is the guest of all beings? What is the eternal dharma? O lord of kings, what is immortal, and what is this whole world?

3.314.68

अतिथिः सर्वभूतानामग्निः सोमो गवामृतम् ।
सनातनोऽमृतो धर्मो वायुः सर्वमिदं जगत् ॥ ३.३१४.६८ ॥

The fire is the guest of all beings; soma and the milk of cows are nectar. The eternal, immortal dharma is the wind; and this whole world is that too.

3.314.69

किंस्विदेको विचरते जातः को जायते पुनः ।
किंस्विद्धिमस्य भैषज्यं किंस्विदावपनं महत् ॥ ३.३१४.६९ ॥

What alone wanders about? Who, having been born, is born again? What is the remedy for cold, and what is the great field of sowing?

3.314.70

सूर्य एको विचरते चन्द्रमा जायते पुनः ।
अग्निर्हिमस्य भैषज्यं भूमिरावपनं महत् ॥ ३.३१४.७० ॥

The sun alone wanders about; the moon is born again. Fire is the remedy for cold, and the earth is the great field of sowing.

3.314.71

किंस्विदेकपदं धर्म्यं किंस्विदेकपदं यशः ।
किंस्विदेकपदं स्वर्ग्यं किंस्विदेकपदं सुखम् ॥ ३.३१४.७१ ॥

What is the single foothold of dharma? What is the single foothold of fame? What is the single foothold of heaven? What is the single foothold of happiness?

3.314.72

दाक्ष्यमेकपदं धर्म्यं दानमेकपदं यशः ।
सत्यमेकपदं स्वर्ग्यं शीलमेकपदंसुखम् ॥ ३.३१४.७२ ॥

Competence is the single foothold of dharma; giving is the single foothold of fame. Truth is the single foothold of heaven; good conduct is the single foothold of happiness.

3.314.73

किंस्विदात्मा मनुष्यस्य किंस्विद्दैवकृतः सखा ।
उपजीवनं किस्विदस्य किंस्विदस्य परायणम् ॥ ३.३१४.७३ ॥

What is man's self? Who is the friend made by fate? What is his livelihood? What is his highest refuge?

3.314.74

पुत्र आत्मा मनुष्यस्य भार्या दैवकृतः सखा ।
उपजीवनं च पर्जन्यो दानमस्य परायणम् ॥ ३.३१४.७४ ॥

A son is man's self, a wife is the friend made by fate. The rain-cloud is his livelihood, and giving is his highest refuge.

3.314.75

धन्यानामुत्तमं किंस्विद्धनानां स्यात्किमुत्तमम् ।
लाभानामुत्तमं किंस्यात्सुखानां स्यात्किमुत्तमं ॥ ३.३१४.७५ ॥

Among the fortunate, who is the best? Among riches, what is the best? Among gains, what is the best? Among happinesses, what is the best?

3.314.76

धन्यानामुत्तमं दाक्ष्यं धनानामुत्तमं श्रुतम् ।
लाभानां श्रेय आरोग्यं सुखानां तुष्टिरुत्तमा ॥ ३.३१४.७६ ॥

Among the fortunate, the best is skill; among riches, the best is learning. Among gains, the highest good is health; among happinesses, the best is contentment.

3.314.77

किंस्विद्धर्मपरं लोके कश्च धर्मः सदाफलः ।
किं नियम्य न शोचन्ति कैश् सन्धिर्न जीर्यते ॥ ३.३१४.७७ ॥

What is the supreme dharma in the world? And which dharma always bears fruit? Having restrained what do people not grieve? By whom is a bond made that never decays?

3.314.78

आनृशंस्यं परं धर्मो त्रेताधर्मः सदाफलः ।
मनो यम्य न शोचन्ति सन्धिः सद्भिर्न जीर्यते ॥ ३.३१४.७८ ॥

Non-cruelty is the supreme dharma; the dharma of the three Vedas always bears fruit. Having restrained the mind, people do not grieve; the bond made by the good never decays.

3.314.79

किं नु हित्वा प्रियो भवति किंनु हित्वा न शोचति ।
किंनु हित्वाऽर्थवान्भवति किंनु हित्वा सुखी भवेत् ॥ ३.३१४.७९ ॥

By abandoning what does a man become dear? By abandoning what does he not grieve? By abandoning what does he become wealthy? By abandoning what may he become happy?

3.314.80

मानं हित्वा प्रियो भवति क्रोधं हित्वा न शोचति ।
कामं हित्वाऽर्थवान्भवति लोभं हित्वा सुखी भवेत् ॥ ३.३१४.८० ॥

By abandoning pride a man becomes dear; by abandoning anger he does not grieve. By abandoning desire he becomes wealthy; by abandoning greed he may become happy.

3.314.81

किमर्थं ब्राह्मणे दानं किमर्थं नटनर्तके ।
किमर्थं चैव भृत्येषु किमर्थं चैव राजसु ॥ ३.३१४.८१ ॥

For what purpose is a gift given to a brahmin? For what purpose to dancers and actors? And for what purpose to servants and to kings?

3.314.82

धर्मार्थं ब्राह्मणे दानं यशोर्थं नटनर्तके ।
भृत्येषु सङ्ग्रहार्थं च भयार्थं चैव राजसु ॥ ३.३१४.८२ ॥

For the sake of dharma a gift is given to a brahmin; for the sake of fame it is given to dancers and actors. To servants it is given to keep them together, and to kings it is given out of fear.

3.314.83

अज्ञानेनावृतो लोकस्तमसा न प्रकाशते ।
लोभात्त्यजति मित्राणि सङ्गात्स्वर्गं न गच्छति ॥ ३.३१४.८३ ॥

The world, covered by ignorance, does not shine forth in the darkness. From greed a man abandons his friends, and through attachment he does not go to heaven.

3.314.84

अज्ञानेनावृतो लोकस्तमसा न प्रकाशते ।
लोभात्त्यजति मित्राणि सङ्गात्स्वर्गं न गच्छति ॥ ३.३१४.८४ ॥

The world, covered by ignorance, does not shine forth in the darkness. From greed a man abandons his friends, and through attachment he does not go to heaven.

3.314.85

मृतः कथं स्यात्पुरुषः कथं राष्ट्रं मृतं भवत् ।
श्राद्धं मृतंकथं वा स्यात्कथं यज्ञा मृतो भवेत् ॥ ३.३१४.८५ ॥

How does a man become dead? How does a kingdom become dead? How does the śrāddha become dead, or how does a sacrifice become dead?

3.314.86

मृतो दरिद्रः पुरुषो मृतं राष्ट्रमराजकम् ।
मृतमश्रोत्रियं श्राद्धं मृतो यज्ञस्त्वदक्षिणः ॥ ३.३१४.८६ ॥

A poor man is dead; a kingdom without a king is dead; a śrāddha without learned brahmins is dead; a sacrifice without fees to the priests is dead.

3.314.87

का दिक्किमुदकं पार्थ किमन्नं किं च वै विषम् ।
श्राद्धस्य कालमाख्याहि ततः पिब हरस्व च ॥ ३.३१४.८७ ॥

What is the direction? What is water? O Pārtha, what is food, and what is poison? Tell the time of the śrāddha; then drink and take.

3.314.88

सन्तो दिग्जलमाकाशं गौरन्नं ब्राह्मणं विषम् ।
श्राद्धस्य ब्राह्मणः कालः कथं वा यक्ष मन्यसे ॥ ३.३१४.८८ ॥

The good are the direction; the sky is water; the cow is food; the brahmin is poison. The brahmin is the time of the śrāddha—O Yaksha, how do you regard this?

3.314.89

तपः किं लक्षणं प्रोक्तं को दमश्च प्रकीर्तितः ।
क्षमा च का परा प्रोक्ता का च ह्रीः परिकीर्तिता ॥ ३.३१४.८९ ॥

What is declared to be the mark of austerity? What is proclaimed as self-restraint? What is declared to be the supreme forbearance, and what is proclaimed as modesty (hrī)?

3.314.90

तपः स्वधर्मवर्तित्वं मनसो दमनं दमः ।
क्षमा द्वन्द्वसहिष्णुत्वं ह्रीरकार्यनिवर्तनम् ॥ ३.३१४.९० ॥

Austerity is abiding in one's own dharma; self-restraint is the restraining of the mind; forbearance is enduring the pairs of opposites; modesty (hrī) is turning away from improper deeds.

3.314.91

किं ज्ञानं प्रोच्यते राजन्कः शमश्च प्रकीर्तितः ।
दया च का परा प्रोक्ता किं चार्जवमुदाहृतम् ॥ ३.३१४.९१ ॥

O king, what is called knowledge? And what is declared as calm? What is said to be supreme compassion? And what is declared as uprightness?

3.314.92

ज्ञानं तत्त्वार्थसम्बोधः शमश्चित्तप्रशान्तता ।
दया सर्वसुखैषित्वमार्जवं समचित्तता ॥ ३.३१४.९२ ॥

Knowledge is the complete understanding of the true meaning of reality. Calm is the tranquillity of the mind. Compassion is the desire for the happiness of all. Uprightness is evenness of mind.

3.314.93

कः शत्रुर्दुर्जयः पुंसां कश्च व्याधिरनन्तकः ।
कीदृशश्च स्मृतः साधुरसाधुः कीदृशः स्मृतः ॥ ३.३१४.९३ ॥

Who is the enemy of men that is hard to conquer? And what is the endless disease? Of what kind is the good man held to be, and of what kind the bad man?

3.314.94

क्रोधः सुदुर्जयः शत्रुर्लोभो व्याधिरनन्तकः ।
सर्वभूतहितः साधुरसाधुर्निर्दयः स्मृतः ॥ ३.३१४.९४ ॥

Anger is the enemy very hard to conquer, and greed is the endless disease. The one who is beneficial to all beings is held to be good, and the one who is merciless is held to be bad.

3.314.95

को मोहः प्रोच्यते राजन्कश्च मानः प्रकीर्तितः ।
किमालस्यं च विज्ञेयं कश्च शोकः प्रकीर्तितः ॥ ३.३१४.९५ ॥

O king, what is called delusion? And what is declared as pride? What is to be known as laziness? And what is declared as grief?

3.314.96

मोहो हि धर्ममूढत्वं मानस्त्वात्माभिमानिता ।
धर्मनिष्क्रियताऽऽलस्यं शोकस्त्वज्ञानमुच्यते ॥ ३.३१४.९६ ॥

Delusion is indeed bewilderment about dharma. Pride is self-conceit, the sense of one's own importance. Laziness is inaction in dharma. And grief is said to be ignorance.

3.314.97

किं स्थैर्यमृषिभिः प्रोक्तं किं च धैर्यमुदाहृतम् ।
स्नानं च किं परं प्रोक्तं दानं च किमिहोच्यते ॥ ३.३१४.९७ ॥

What have the sages declared to be steadfastness, and what is called firmness? What is declared the supreme bathing, and what is called giving here?

3.314.98

स्वधर्मे स्थिरता स्थैर्यं धैर्यमिन्द्रियनिग्रहः ।
स्नानं मनोमलत्यागो दानं वै भूतरक्षणम् ॥ ३.३१४.९८ ॥

Steadiness in one's own duty is steadfastness; restraint of the senses is firmness. Abandoning the impurities of the mind is bathing; protecting beings is indeed giving.

3.314.99

कः पण्डितः पुमान्ज्ञेयो नास्तिकः कश्च उच्यते ।
को मूर्खः कश्च कामः स्यात्को मत्सर इति स्मृतः ॥ ३.३१४.९९ ॥

Who should be known as a wise man? Who is called an unbeliever? Who is the fool, what is desire, and what is remembered as envy?

3.314.100

धर्मज्ञः पण्डितो ज्ञेयो नास्तिको मूर्ख उच्यते ।
कामः संसारहेतुश्च हृत्तापो मत्सरः स्मृतः ॥ ३.३१४.१०० ॥

The knower of dharma should be known as the wise man. The unbeliever and the fool are so called. Desire is the cause of worldly existence, and the heart's torment is remembered as envy.

3.314.101

कोऽहंकार इति प्रोक्तः कश्च दम्भः प्रकीर्तितः ।
किं तद्दैवं परं प्रोक्तं किं तत्पैशुन्यमुच्यते ॥ ३.३१४.१०१ ॥

What has been declared egoism, and what is proclaimed hypocrisy? What has been declared the supreme fate, and what is called slander?

3.314.102

महाऽज्ञानमहंकारो दम्भो धर्मो ध्वजोच्छ्रयः ।
दैवं दानफलं प्रोक्तं पैशुन्यं परदूषणम् ॥ ३.३१४.१०२ ॥

Great ignorance is egoism; hypocrisy is raising the banner of dharma. Fate is declared to be the fruit of giving; slander is defaming others.

3.314.103

धर्मश्चार्थश्च कामश्च परस्परविरोधिनः ।
एषां नित्यविरुद्धानां कथमेकत्र संगमः ॥ ३.३१४.१०३ ॥

Dharma, wealth and desire are mutually opposed. How can these eternally opposed things meet in one place?

3.314.104

यदा धर्मश्भार्या च परस्परवशानुगौ ।
तदा धर्मार्थकामानां त्रयाणामपि संगमः ॥ ३.३१४.१०४ ॥

When dharma and the wife follow each other, subject to each other's control, then the union of all three—dharma, wealth and desire—takes place.

3.314.105

अक्षयो नरकः केन प्राप्यते भरतर्षभ ।
एतन्मे पृच्छतः प्रश्नं तच्छीघ्रं वक्तुमर्हसि ॥ ३.३१४.१०५ ॥

O bull of the Bharatas, by whom is the imperishable hell attained? Since I ask this question, you should tell me quickly.

3.314.106

ब्राह्मणं स्वयमाहूय याचमानमकिंचनम् ।
पश्चान्नास्तीति यो ब्रूयात्सोऽक्षयं नरकं व्रजेत् ॥ ३.३१४.१०६ ॥

He who, having summoned a brahmin himself, then tells the begging, destitute brahmin, "There is nothing," goes to the imperishable hell.

3.314.107

वेदेषु धर्मशास्त्रेषु मिथ्या यो वै द्विजातिषु ।
देवेषु पितृधर्मेषु सोऽक्षयं नरकं व्रजेत् ॥ ३.३१४.१०७ ॥

He who speaks falsely about the Vedas and the law-treatises, toward the twice-born, the gods and the duties to the ancestors, goes to the imperishable hell.

3.314.108

विद्यमाने धने लोभाद्दानभोगविवर्जितः ।
पश्चान्नास्तीति यो ब्रूयात्सोऽक्षयं नरकं व्रजेत् ॥ ३.३१४.१०८ ॥

He who, though wealth is present, out of greed, devoid of giving and enjoyment, afterwards says, "There is nothing," goes to the imperishable hell.

3.314.109

राजन्कुलेन वृत्तेन स्वाध्यायेन श्रुतेन वा ।
ब्राह्मण्यं केन भवति प्रब्रूह्येतत्सुनिश्चितम् ॥ ३.३१४.१०९ ॥

O king, by lineage, by conduct, by study of the Veda, or by learning — by what does brahmanhood come about? Tell this with certainty.

3.314.110

शृणु यक्ष कुलं तात न स्वाध्यायो न च श्रुतम् ।
कारणं हि द्विजत्वे च वृत्तमेव न संशयः ॥ ३.३१४.११० ॥

Listen, Yakṣa, dear one. Not lineage, not study of the Veda, nor learning — the cause of being twice-born is conduct alone; there is no doubt of this.

3.314.111

वृत्तं यत्नेन संरक्ष्यं ब्राह्मणेन विशेषतः ।
अक्षीणवृत्तो न क्षीणो वृत्ततस्तु हतो हतः ॥ ३.३१४.१११ ॥

Conduct must be guarded with effort, especially by a brahmin. He whose conduct is undiminished is not diminished; but he who is ruined through conduct is indeed already dead.

3.314.112

पठकाः पाठकाश्चैव ये चान्ये शास्त्रचिन्तकाः ।
सर्वे व्यसनिनो मूर्खा यः क्रियावान्स पण्डितः ॥ ३.३१४.११२ ॥

Reciters, readers, and others who ponder the scriptures — if they are all addicted to vice and foolish, the one who acts rightly is the wise man.

3.314.113

चतुर्वेदोऽपि दुर्वृत्तः स शूद्रादतिरिच्यते ।
योऽग्निहोत्रपरो दान्तः स ब्राह्मण इति स्मृतः ॥ ३.३१४.११३ ॥

Even one who knows the four Vedas, if of bad conduct, is lower than a śūdra; he who is devoted to the agnihotra and self-controlled is remembered as a brahmin.

3.314.114

प्रियवचनवादी किं लभते ।
विमृशितकार्यकरः किं लभते।
बहुमित्रकरः किं लभते ।
धर्मे रतः किं लभते कथय ॥ ३.३१४.११४ ॥

What does one gain who speaks pleasing words? What does one gain who acts after deliberation? What does one gain who makes many friends? What does one gain who delights in dharma? Tell me.

3.314.115

प्रियवचनवादी प्रियो भवति ।
विमृशितकार्यकरोऽधिकं जयति।
बहुमित्रकरः सुखं वसते ।
यश्च धर्मरतः स गतिं लभते ॥ ३.३१४.११५ ॥

One who speaks pleasing words becomes beloved. One who acts after careful deliberation conquers greatly. One who makes many friends dwells in happiness. And he who delights in dharma obtains the goal.

3.314.116

को मोदते किमाश्चर्यं कः पन्थाः का च वार्तिका ।
वद मे चतुरः प्रश्नान्मृता जीवन्तु बान्धवाः ॥ ३.३१४.११६ ॥

Who rejoices? What is the marvel? What is the path? And what is the news? Answer my clever questions, that the dead kinsmen may live.

3.314.117

पञ्चमेऽहनि षष्ठे वा शाकं पचति स्वे गृहे ।
अनृणी चाप्रवासी च स वारिचर मोदते ॥ ३.३१४.११७ ॥

He who cooks greens in his own house on the fifth or sixth day, who is free from debt and does not dwell abroad — O water-wanderer, he rejoices.

3.314.118

अहन्यहनि भूतानि गच्छन्तीह यमालयम् ।
शेषाः स्थावरमिच्छन्ति किमाश्चर्यमतः परम् ॥ ३.३१४.११८ ॥

Day after day beings here go to the abode of Yama, yet the rest desire permanence. What greater wonder could there be than this?

3.314.120

तर्कोऽप्रतिष्ठः श्रुतयो विभिन्ना ।
नैको मुनिर्यस्य मतं प्रमाणम्।
धर्मस्य तत्त्वं निहितं गुहायां ।
महाजनो येन गतः स पन्था
पृथ्वी विभाण्डं गगनं पिघानं ।
सूर्याग्निना रात्रिदिवेन्धनेन।
मासर्तुदर्वीपरिघट्टनेन ।
भूतानि कालः पचतीति वार्ता ॥ ३.३१४.१२० ॥

Reasoning is without firm ground, the scriptures differ, and no single sage's opinion is authority. The essence of dharma lies hidden in a cave; the path is the one the great ones have trodden. The earth is the vessel, the sky the lid, the fire of the sun, with night and day as fuel, and the months and seasons the stirring of the ladle — Time cooks all beings. This is the news.