Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 3.32
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3.32.1
नावमन्ये न गर्हे च धर्मं पार्थ कथंचन ।
ईश्वरं कुत एवाहमवमंस्ये प्रजापतिम् ॥ ३.३२.१ ॥
Pārtha, I neither disregard nor blame dharma in any way. How then could I disregard the Lord, the lord of creatures, Prajāpati?
3.32.2
आर्ताऽहं प्रलपामीदमिति मां विद्धि भारत ।
भूयश्च विलपिष्यामि सुमनास्त्वं निबोध मे ॥ ३.३२.२ ॥
Bhārata, know that I lament thus, being afflicted. I shall lament again; listen to me with a calm mind.
3.32.3
कर्म खल्विह कर्तव्यं जातेनामित्रकर्शन ।
अकर्माणो हि जीवन्ति स्थावरा नेतरे जनाः ॥ ३.३२.३ ॥
Subduer of enemies, one who is born in this world must indeed perform action. Only those who do not act live like immobile beings; other people do not.
3.32.4
आमातृस्तन्यपानाच्च यावच्छय्योपसर्पणम् ।
जङ्गमाः कर्मणा वृत्तिमाप्नुवन्ति युधिष्ठिर ॥ ३.३२.४ ॥
Yudhiṣṭhira, from drinking the mother's milk until crawling on the bed, mobile beings obtain their livelihood through action.
3.32.5
जङ्गमेषु विशेषेण मनुष्या भरतर्षभ ।
इच्छन्ति कर्मणा वृत्तिमवाप्तुं प्रेत्य चेह च ॥ ३.३२.५ ॥
Bull of the Bharatas, among mobile beings it is especially humans who desire to obtain their livelihood through action, both here and hereafter.
3.32.6
उत्थानमभिजानन्ति सर्वभूतानि भारत ।
प्रत्यक्षं फलमश्नन्ति कर्मणां लोकसाक्षिकम् ॥ ३.३२.६ ॥
Bhārata, all beings recognize exertion; they enjoy the fruits of actions visibly, witnessed by the world.
3.32.7
पश्यन्तः स्वं समुत्थानमुपजीवन्ति जन्तरः ।
अपि धाता विधाता च यथाऽयमुदके बकः ॥ ३.३२.७ ॥
Seeing their own exertion, living beings sustain themselves, just as this crane does in the water. Even the creator and the disposer (act in the same way).
3.32.8
अकर्मणां वै भूतानां वृत्तिः स्वान्न हि काचन ।
तदेवाभिप्रपद्येत न विहन्यात्कदाचन ॥ ३.३२.८ ॥
Living beings who do not act have no livelihood of their own at all. Therefore one should resort to that very action and never abandon it.
3.32.9
स्वकर्म कुरु माहासीः कर्मणा भव दंशितः ।
कृत्यं हि योऽभिजानाति सहस्रे सोस्ति नास्ति वां ॥ ३.३२.९ ॥
Do your own duty and do not abandon it; be armored by action. Among thousands, he is rare who knows his task.
3.32.10
तस्य चापि भवेत्कार्वं विवृद्धौ रक्षणे तथा ।
भक्ष्यमाणो द्यनावाषः क्षीयेत हिमवानपि ॥ ३.३२.१० ॥
It must also be his duty to foster and protect (the people). If consumed without care, even the Himālaya would waste away.
3.32.11
उत्सीदेरन्प्रजाः सर्वा न कुर्युः कर्म चेद्यदि ।
तथा ह्येता न वर्धेरन्कर्म चेदफलं भवेत् ॥ ३.३२.११ ॥
If all the people did not act, they would perish. And if action were fruitless, these would not thrive.
3.32.12
दृष्ट्वाऽपिच फलं कर्म पश्यामः कुर्वतो जनान् ।
नान्यथा ह्यपि जानन्ति वृत्तिं लोकाः कथंचन ॥ ३.३२.१२ ॥
Having seen it, we also see the fruit of action in people who act. People do not know their livelihood in any other way at all.
3.32.13
यश्च दिष्टपरो लोके यश्चापि हठवादकः ।
उभावपि शठावेतौ कर्मबुद्धिः प्रशस्यते ॥ ३.३२.१३ ॥
In the world, the one devoted to fate and the one who speaks in stubborn assertion are both deceitful; a mind directed to action is what is praised.
3.32.14
यो हि दिष्टमुपासीत निर्विचेष्टः सुखं स्वपन् ।
अवसीदेत्सुदुर्बुद्धिरामो घट इवोदके ॥ ३.३२.१४ ॥
The man who waits on fate, making no effort and sleeping in comfort, is of very poor understanding; he sinks like a raw pot in water.
3.32.15
तथैव हठबुद्धिर्यः शक्तः कर्मण्यकर्मकृत् ।
आसीत न चिरं जीवेदनाथ इव दुर्बलः ॥ ३.३२.१५ ॥
Likewise, the stubborn-minded man who is able to act but sits without acting does not live long, like a weak man without a protector.
3.32.16
अकस्मादिह यः कश्चिदर्थं प्राप्नोति पूरुषः ।
तं हठेनेति मन्यन्ते स हि यत्नो न कस्यचित् ॥ ३.३२.१६ ॥
Here, when some man suddenly obtains wealth, people think he got it by stubborn effort; yet that is no one's effort at all.
3.32.17
वश्चापि कश्रित्पुरुषो दिष्टं नाम भजत्युत ।
दैवेन विधिना पार्थ तद्दैवमिति निश्चितम् ॥ ३.३२.१७ ॥
And some man attains the fruit under the name of 'fate'; it comes by providence and by ordained law. O son of Pṛthā, it is determined that this is providence.
3.32.18
यत्तावस्कर्मणा किंचित्फलमाप्नोति पूरुषः ।
प्रत्यक्षं चक्षुषा दृष्टं तत्पौरुषमिति श्रुतम् ॥ ३.३२.१८ ॥
Whatever small fruit a man obtains by his own action is seen directly with the eye; that is what is taught as manly effort.
3.32.19
स्वभावतः प्रवृत्तो यः प्राप्नोत्यर्थं न कारणात् ।
तत्स्वभावात्प्रकं विद्धि फलं पुरुषसत्तम ॥ ३.३२.१९ ॥
The man who, set in motion by his own nature, obtains a result not from a cause—know that fruit to be manifest from nature, O best of men.
3.32.20
एवं हठाच्च दैवाच्च स्वभावात्कर्मणस्तथा ।
यानि प्राप्नोति पुरुषस्तत्फलं पूर्वकर्मणाम् ॥ ३.३२.२० ॥
Thus, whatever a man obtains through force, through fate, through nature, and through action, that fruit belongs to his former deeds.
3.32.21
धातापि हि स्वकर्मैव तैस्तैर्हेतुभिरीश्वरः ।
विदधाति विभज्येह फलं पूर्वकतं नृणाम् ॥ ३.३२.२१ ॥
Even the Creator, the Lord, through his own action and through various causes, apportioning here, ordains the fruit of what men have done before.
3.32.22
यद्धि यः पुरुषः किंचित्कुरुते वै शुभाशुभम् ।
तद्धातृविहितं विद्धि पूर्वकर्मफलोदयम् ॥ ३.३२.२२ ॥
Whatever good or evil a man does, know that it is ordained by the Creator — the rising of the fruit of former deeds.
3.32.23
कारणं तस्य देहोऽयं धातुः कर्मणि कर्मणि ।
स यथा प्रेरयत्येनं तथाऽयं कुरुतेऽवशः ॥ ३.३२.२३ ॥
This body is the instrument of the Creator in every action; as he impels it, so it acts, helpless.
3.32.24
तेषुतेषु हि कृत्येषु विनियोक्ता महेश्वरः ।
सर्वभूतानि कौन्तेय कारयत्यवशान्यपि ॥ ३.३२.२४ ॥
Indeed, O son of Kuntī, the great Lord is the one who appoints in these various deeds; he causes all beings to act, even though they are helpless.
3.32.25
मनसाऽर्थान्विनिश्चित्य पश्चात्प्राप्नोति कर्मणा ।
बुद्धिपूर्वं स्वयं वीर पुरुषस्तत्र कारणम् ॥ ३.३२.२५ ॥
Having first settled his aims in mind, a man afterwards attains them through action. O hero, in this the man himself, acting with deliberate intent, is the cause.
3.32.26
संख्यातुं नैव शक्यानि कर्माणि पुरुषर्षभ ।
अगारनगराणां हि सिद्धिः पुरुषहैतुकी ॥ ३.३२.२६ ॥
O bull among men, actions cannot even be counted. The accomplishment of houses and cities is indeed caused by man.
3.32.27
तिले तैलं गवि क्षीरं काष्ठे पावकमन्ततः ।
एवं धीरो विजानीयादुपायं चास्य सिद्धये ॥ ३.३२.२७ ॥
Oil is in sesame, milk is in a cow, fire is in wood; in this way the steady man should know the means to bring about its accomplishment.
3.32.28
ततः प्रवर्तते पश्चात्कारणेष्वस्व सिद्धये ।
तां सिद्धिमुपजीवन्ति कर्मणामिह जन्तवः ॥ ३.३२.२८ ॥
Then, afterwards, one applies oneself to the causes for its accomplishment; living beings here subsist upon that accomplishment of actions.
3.32.29
कुशलेन कृतं कर्म कर्त्रा साधु स्वनुष्ठितम् ।
इदं त्वकुशलेनेति विशेषादुपलभ्यते ॥ ३.३२.२९ ॥
An action done by a skilful person, well carried out by its doer; this, done by an unskilful person—thus is the distinction perceived.
3.32.30
इष्टापूर्त्तफलं न स्यान्न शिष्यो न गुरुर्भवेत् ।
पुरुषः कर्मसाध्येषु स्वाच्चेदयमकारणम् ॥ ३.३२.३० ॥
If, in matters accomplished by action, a man were himself without cause, there would be no fruit of sacrifice and public works, no disciple, and no teacher.
3.32.31
कर्तृत्वादेव पुरुषः कर्मसिद्धौ प्रशस्यते ।
असिद्धौ निन्द्यते चापि कर्मनाशः कथं त्विह ॥ ३.३२.३१ ॥
Because he is the agent, a man is praised when action succeeds and blamed when it fails. How, then, can action be destroyed here?
3.32.32
सर्वमेव हठेनैके दैवेनैके वदन्त्युत ।
पुंसः प्रयत्नजं केचिद्दैवमेतद्विशिष्यते ॥ ३.३२.३२ ॥
Some say everything comes by effort alone, and some say everything comes by fate. Some hold that there is something born of a man's exertion, and this is distinguished above fate.
3.32.33
न चैवैतावता कार्यं मन्यन्त इति चापरे ।
अस्ति सर्वमदृश्यं तु दिष्टं चैव तथा हठः ॥ ३.३२.३३ ॥
Others think the work is not accomplished by this alone. All is unseen; fate exists, and so does effort.
3.32.34
दृश्यते हि हठाच्चैव दिष्टाच्चार्थस्य संततिः ।
किंचिद्दैवाद्धठात्किंचित्किंचिदेव स्वकर्मतः ॥ ३.३२.३४ ॥
Indeed, a continuity of results is seen both through effort and through fate: some comes by fate, some by effort, and some just by one's own action.
3.32.35
पुरुषः फलमाप्नोति चतुर्थं नात्र कारणम् ।
कुशलाः प्रतिजानन्ति ये वै तत्त्वविदोजनाः ॥ ३.३२.३५ ॥
A man obtains the fruit; there is no fourth cause here. The skilled, who truly know the truth, affirm this.
3.32.36
तथैव धाता भूतानामिष्टानिष्टफलप्रदः ।
यदि न स्वानन भूतानां कृपणो नाम कश्चन ॥ ३.३२.३६ ॥
Likewise, the Creator gives beings their desired and undesired fruits. If beings had no face of their own, that is, no strength of their own, no one at all would be pitiful.
3.32.37
यंयमर्थमभिप्रेप्सुः कुरुते कर्म पूरुषः ।
तत्तत्सफलमेव स्याद्यदि न स्यात्पुरा कृतम् ॥ ३.३२.३७ ॥
Whatever aim a man desires and acts upon, that action would surely bear its fruit, were it not for what was done before.
3.32.38
त्रिद्वारामर्थसिद्धिं तु नानुपश्यन्ति ये नराः ।
तथैवानर्थसिद्धिं च यथा लोकास्तथैव ते ॥ ३.३२.३८ ॥
Men who do not see the accomplishment of aims, with its three gates, likewise do not see the accomplishment of harm; as the worlds are, so are they.
3.32.39
कर्तव्यमेव कर्मेति मनोरेष विनिश्चयः ।
एकान्तेन ह्यनीहोऽयं वर्ततेऽस्मासु संप्रति ॥ ३.३२.३९ ॥
Action must indeed be done; this is Manu's firm conclusion. Yet at this moment, complete inaction holds sway among us.
3.32.40
कुर्वतो हि भवत्येव प्रायेणेह युधिष्ठिर ।
एकान्तफलसिद्धिं तु न विन्दत्यलसः क्वचित् ॥ ३.३२.४० ॥
Indeed, O Yudhiṣṭhira, here the one who acts generally does obtain fruit; but the idle never obtains a sure accomplishment of fruit.
3.32.41
असंभवे त्वस्य हेतुः प्रायश्चित्तं तु लक्ष्यते ।
कृतेकर्मणि राजेन्द्र तथाऽनृण्यमवाप्नुते ॥ ३.३२.४१ ॥
But when it is impossible, its cause is seen to be expiation; O lord of kings, when the deed is done, freedom from debt is thus obtained.
3.32.42
अलक्ष्मीराविशत्येनं शयानमलसं नरम् ।
निःसंशयं फलं लब्ध्वा दक्षो भूतिमुपाश्नुते ॥ ३.३२.४२ ॥
Misfortune enters the idle man who lies sleeping; but the skilful man, having obtained the fruit without doubt, attains prosperity.
3.32.43
अनर्थं संशयावस्थं गृणन्त्यामुक्तसशंयाः ।
धीरा नराः कर्मरता न तु निःसंशयाः क्वचित् ॥ ३.३२.४३ ॥
Those who speak of misfortune lying in a state of doubt speak of doubt; but steady men devoted to action are never free from doubt.
3.32.44
एकान्ते नह्यनर्थोऽयं वर्ततेऽस्मासु सांप्रतम् ।
स तु निःसंशयं न स्यात्त्वयि कर्मण्यवस्थिते ॥ ३.३२.४४ ॥
This misfortune is not in solitude; it is present upon us now. But were you established in action, it would not be without doubt.
3.32.45
अथवाऽसिद्धिरेव स्यान्महिमा तु तदेव ते ।
वृकोदरस्य बीभत्सोर्भात्रोश्च यमयोरपि ॥ ३.३२.४५ ॥
Or it may indeed be failure; but that very failure is your greatness, and the greatness of Vṛkodara, of Bībhatsu, of the two brothers and of the twins as well.
3.32.46
अन्येषां कर्म सफलमस्माकमपि वा पुनः ।
विप्रकर्षेण बुद्ध्येत कृतकर्मा यथा फलम् ॥ ३.३२.४६ ॥
The actions of others bear fruit, or ours too; but after a long delay, as the one who has performed an action comes to know its fruit.
3.32.47
पृथिवीं लाङ्गलेनेह कृष्ट्वा बीजं वपत्युत ।
आस्तेऽथ कर्षकस्तूष्णीं पर्जन्यस्तत्र कारणम् ॥ ३.३२.४७ ॥
Here the farmer ploughs the earth with the plough and sows the seed; then he remains silent, and there the rain-cloud is the cause.
3.32.48
वृष्टिश्चेन्नानुगृह्णीयादनेनास्तत्र कर्षकः ।
यदन्यः पुरुषः कुर्यात्तत्कृतं सफलं मया ॥ ३.३२.४८ ॥
If the rain does not show its favour to this farmer, then the farmer's action there is fruitless; and whatever action another man performs, it is fruitful as if done by me.
3.32.49
तच्चेदं फलमस्माकमपराधो न मे क्वचित् ।
इति धीरोऽन्ववेक्ष्यैव नात्मानं तत्रगर्हयेत् ॥ ३.३२.४९ ॥
This fruit is ours, and no fault of mine has ever been in it. Having considered this, the steadfast man should not blame himself in that matter.
3.32.50
कुर्वतो नार्थसिद्धिर्मे भवतीति ह भारत ।
निर्वेदो नात्र गन्तव्यो द्वावन्तौ यस्य कर्मणः ॥ ३.३२.५० ॥
O Bhārata, even when I act, my aim may not succeed; yet one must not fall into despondency here, for every action has two outcomes.
3.32.51
सिद्धिर्वाऽप्यथवाऽसिद्धिरप्रवृत्तिरतोऽन्यथा ।
बहूनां समवाये हि भावानां कर्म सिध्यति ॥ ३.३२.५१ ॥
Success or failure, or no action at all—there is nothing other than this; for an action is accomplished only when many factors come together.
3.32.52
गुणाभावे फलं न्यूनं भवत्यफलमेव च ।
अनारम्भे हि न फलं न गुणो दृश्यते क्वचित् ॥ ३.३२.५२ ॥
Without merit, the fruit becomes diminished, or indeed fruitless; and without a beginning, no fruit or merit is ever seen anywhere.
3.32.53
देशकालावुपायांश्च मङ्गलं स्वस्तिसिद्धये ।
युनक्ति मेधया धीरो यथायोगं यथाबलम् ॥ ३.३२.५३ ॥
The steadfast man, by his intelligence, joins place and time, the means, and the auspicious things, for the attainment of well-being, as fitting and as his strength allows.
3.32.54
अप्युपायेन तत्कार्यमुपदेष्टा पराक्रमः ।
भूयिष्ठं कर्मयोगेषु सर्व एव पराक्रमः ॥ ३.३२.५४ ॥
Even by means that task is accomplished; valour is the one who instructs. In the disciplines of action, for the most part, all of it is valour.
3.32.55
यत्रधीमानवेक्षेत श्रेयासं बहुभिर्गुणैः ।
साम्नैवार्थं ततो लिप्सेत्कर्म चास्मै प्रयोजयेत् ॥ ३.३२.५५ ॥
Where a wise man sees one who is superior in many qualities, there he should first seek his aim by conciliation alone, and then direct action toward him.
3.32.56
व्यसनं नाभिकाङ्क्षेत्त विनाशं वा युधिष्ठिर ।
अपि सिन्धोर्गिरेर्वाऽपि किं पुनर्मर्त्यधर्मिणः ॥ ३.३२.५६ ॥
O Yudhiṣṭhira, one should not desire misfortune or destruction; even the ocean and the mountain (perish), what then of mortal man?
3.32.57
उत्थानयुक्तः सततं परेषामन्तरैषणे ।
आनृण्यमाप्नोति नरः परस्यात्मन एव च ॥ ३.३२.५७ ॥
A man who is constantly devoted to effort and eager to seek out the weaknesses of others attains freedom from debt, both to others and to himself.
3.32.58
न त्वेवात्माऽवमन्तव्यः पुरुषेण कदाचन ।
न ह्यात्मपरिभूतस् भूतिर्भवति शोभना ॥ ३.३२.५८ ॥
But a man should never despise himself, for prosperity does not come to one who has humbled himself.
3.32.59
एवं संस्थितिका सिद्धिरियं लोकस्य भारत ।
चित्रा सिद्धिगतिः प्रोक्ता कालावस्थाविभागशः ॥ ३.३२.५९ ॥
O descendant of Bharata, such is the established order of success in the world; the course of success is declared to be varied, according to the divisions of time and circumstance.
3.32.60
ब्राह्मणं मे पिता पूर्वं वासयामास पण्डितम् ।
सर्वं चार्थमिमं प्राह पित्रे मे भरतर्षभ ॥ ३.३२.६० ॥
O bull of the Bharatas, long ago my father kept a learned brahmin dwelling with him, and that brahmin told my father this whole matter.
3.32.61
नीतिं बृहस्पतिप्रोक्तां भ्रातृन्मेऽग्राहयन्पुरा ।
तेषां सकाशादश्रौषमहमेतां तदा गृहे ॥ ३.३२.६१ ॥
The statecraft taught by Bṛhaspati, my brothers once had me learn in the past; from them I heard this then, in the house.
3.32.62
स मां राजन्कर्मवतीमागतामाह सान्त्वयन् ।
शुश्रूषमाणामासीनां पितुरङ्के युधिष्ठिर ॥ ३.३२.६२ ॥
O king, when I came busy with my duties, he spoke to me, consoling me; Yudhiṣṭhira, I was seated on my father's lap, serving him.