Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 4.52
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4.52.1
कलाः काष्ठाश्च युज्यन्ते मुहूर्ताश्च दिनानि च ।
अर्धमासाश्च मासाश्च नक्षत्राणि ग्रहास्तथा ॥ ४.५२.१ ॥
Kalās and kāṣṭhās, muhūrtas and days, half-months and months, the lunar mansions and the planets are likewise reckoned together.
4.52.2
ऋतवश्चापि युज्यन्ते तथा संवत्सरा अपि ।
एवं कालविभागेन कालचक्रं प्रवर्तते ॥ ४.५२.२ ॥
The seasons are likewise joined together, and the years too. Thus, by the division of time, the wheel of time turns on.
4.52.3
तेषां कालातिरेकेण ज्योतिषां च व्यतिक्रमात् ।
पञ्चमे पञ्चमे वर्षे द्वौ मासावधिमासकौ ॥ ४.५२.३ ॥
Through the excess of their time and the deviation of the heavenly bodies, in every fifth year two intercalary months arise.
4.52.4
एषामभ्यधिका मासाः पञ्च च द्वादश क्षपाः ।
त्रयोदशानां वर्षाणामिति मे वर्तते मतिः ॥ ४.५२.४ ॥
Their additional months are five, and twelve nights; for thirteen years, so is my understanding.
4.52.5
पूर्वेद्युरेव निर्वृत्तस्ततो बीभत्सुरागतः ॥ ४.५२.५ ॥
Having been completed the day before, then Bībhatsu (Arjuna) came back.
4.52.6
सर्वं यथावच्चरितं यद्यदेभिः प्रतिश्रुतम् ।
एवमेतद्भ्रुवं ज्ञात्वा ततो बीभत्सुरागतः ॥ ४.५२.६ ॥
Everything that these had promised was duly fulfilled; knowing this for certain, then Bībhatsu (Arjuna) came back.
4.52.7
सर्वे पञ्च महात्मानः सर्वे धर्मार्थकोविदाः ।
येषां युधिष्ठिरो राजा कस्माद्धर्मेऽपराध्नुयुः ॥ ४.५२.७ ॥
All five are great-souled, all skilled in dharma and wealth. Their king is Yudhiṣṭhira — why would they transgress against dharma?
4.52.8
कामात्क्रोधाच्च लोभाच्च कामक्रोधभयादपि ।
स्नेहाद्वा यदि वा मोहाद्धर्मं नात्येति धर्मजः ॥ ४.५२.८ ॥
Out of desire, anger, greed, or from desire, anger and fear; even from affection or from delusion — the son of Dharma does not transgress dharma.
4.52.9
अलुब्धाश्चैव कौन्तेयाः कृतवन्तश्च दुष्करम् ।
न चापि केवलं राज्यमिच्छेयुस्ते ह्यधर्मतः ॥ ४.५२.९ ॥
The sons of Kuntī are free from greed and have done difficult deeds; they would not desire the kingdom merely by unrighteous means.
4.52.10
तदैव ते हि विक्रान्तुमीषुः कौरवनन्दनाः ।
धर्मपाशनिबद्धास्तु न चेलुः क्षत्रियव्रतात् ॥ ४.५२.१० ॥
Then indeed those delights of the Kurus were eager to show their valour, but bound by the noose of dharma, they did not stir from the kṣatriya vow.
4.52.11
यश्चानृत इति ख्यातः स च गच्छेत्पराभवम् ।
वृणुयुर्माणं पार्था नानृतत्वं कथंचन ॥ ४.५२.११ ॥
He who is renowned as false would meet defeat; the sons of Pṛthā would choose honour, never falsehood in any way.
4.52.12
प्राप्ते तु काले स्वानर्थान्नोत्सृजेयुर्नरर्षभाः ।
अपि वज्रभृता गुप्तांस्तथावीर्या हि पाण्डवाः ॥ ४.५२.१२ ॥
When the time comes, those bulls among men would not abandon their own misfortunes; the Pāṇḍavas, though guarded even by the thunderbolt-wielder, are not lacking in valour.
4.52.13
प्रतियुद्ध्येम समरे सर्वशस्त्रभृतांवरम् ॥ ४.५२.१३ ॥
In battle we shall fight back against the best of all who bear weapons.
4.52.14
तस्माद्यदत्र कल्याणं लोके सद्भिरनुष्ठितम् ।
तत्संविधीयतां शीघ्रं मा वो ह्यर्थोऽभ्यगात्परम् ॥ ४.५२.१४ ॥
Therefore, let whatever good course the wise have followed in the world be arranged swiftly, lest your aim slip far away.
4.52.15
न हि पश्यामि संग्रामे कदाचिदपि कौरव ।
एकान्तसिद्धिं राजेन्द्र संप्राप्तश्च धनञ्जयः ॥ ४.५२.१५ ॥
O Kaurava, I never see in battle anyone attaining perfect success; and O lord of kings, Dhanañjaya has attained it.
4.52.16
संप्रवृत्ते तु संग्रामे भावाभावौ जयाजयौ ।
अवश्यमेकं स्पृशतो दृष्टमेतदसंशयम् ॥ ४.५२.१६ ॥
When battle has begun, existence and non-existence, victory and defeat—one of these must surely touch each side; this has been seen without doubt.
4.52.17
तस्माद्युद्धोपचरितं कर्म वा धर्मसंहितम् ।
क्रियतामाशु राजेन्द्र संप्राप्तश्च धनञ्जयः ॥ ४.५२.१७ ॥
Therefore, let the action conducted according to the practice of war, or in accord with dharma, be done swiftly; O lord of kings, Dhanañjaya has arrived.
4.52.18
एको हि समरे पार्थः पृथिवीं निर्दहेच्छरैः ।
भ्रातृभिः सहितो भूत्वा किं पुनः कौरवान्रणे । ॥ ४.५२.१८ ॥
In battle the son of Pṛthā alone could burn the earth with his arrows; what then, when he is joined with his brothers, against the Kauravas in battle?
4.52.19
तस्मात्सन्धिं कुरुश्रेष्ठ कुरुष्व यदि मन्यसे ।
नाहं राज्यं प्रदास्यामि पाण्डवेभ्यः पितामह।
ग्रामं सेनां च दासांश्च स्वल्पं द्रव्यमपि प्रभो ।
युद्धोपचारिकं यत्तु तत्सर्वं संविधीयताम् ॥ ४.५२.१९ ॥
Therefore, best of the Kurus, if you think it right, make peace. Grandsire, I will not give the kingdom to the Pāṇḍavas. Lord, even a village, an army, servants, or a little wealth—let everything needed for the war be arranged.
4.52.20
भीष्मस्योपरते वाक्ये तथा दुर्योधनस्य च ।
प्राप्तमर्थ्यं च यद्वाक्यं द्रोणश्वाह द्विजोत्तमः ॥ ४.५२.२० ॥
When the words of Bhīṣma and likewise of Duryodhana had ceased, Droṇa, best of Brahmins, also spoke the fitting and purposeful words.
4.52.21
यत्तु युद्धोपचरितं भवेद्वा धर्मसंहितम् ।
कस्त्वया सदृशो लोके भूयस्त्वं वक्तुमर्हसि ॥ ४.५२.२१ ॥
Whatever pertains to the conduct of war or accords with dharma—who in the world is equal to you to speak it again?
4.52.22
अत्र या मामिका बुद्धिः श्रूयतां यदि रोचते ।
सर्वथा हि मया श्रेयो वक्तव्यं कुरुनन्दन ॥ ४.५२.२२ ॥
Here is my own counsel; let it be heard, if it pleases you. Joy of the Kurus, in every way I must speak what is best.
4.52.23
राजा बलचतुर्भागं क्षिप्रमादाय गच्छतु ।
ततोऽपरश्चतुर्भागो गाः समादाय गच्छतु ।
वयं चार्धेन सैन्यस्य प्रतियोत्स्याम पाण्डवम् ॥ ४.५२.२३ ॥
Let the king quickly take one quarter of the army and go. Then let another quarter take the cattle and go. And with half the army we shall fight the Pāṇḍava.
4.52.24
अहं भीष्मश्च कर्णश्च अश्वत्थामा कृपस्तथा ।
प्रतियोत्स्याम बीभत्सुमागतं कृतनिश्चयम् ॥ ४.५२.२४ ॥
I, Bhīṣma, Karṇa, Aśvatthāman and likewise Kṛpa, shall fight against Bībhatsu (Arjuna), who has come resolved.
4.52.25
एवं राजा सुगुप्तः स्यान्न क्लैब्यं गन्तुमर्हति ।
मत्स्यं वा पुनरायातमथवापि शतक्रतुम् ।
अहमावारयिष्यामि वेलेव मकरालयम् ॥ ४.५२.२५ ॥
Thus let the king be well guarded; he should not go in the way of cowardice. Whether the Matsya king returns again, or even Śatakratu (Indra) comes, I shall hold them back, as the shore holds back the ocean.
4.52.26
तद्वाक्यं रुरुचे तेषां द्रोणेनोक्तं महात्मना ।
तथाहि कृतवान्राजा कौरवाणामनन्तरम् ॥ ४.५२.२६ ॥
That speech spoken by the great-souled Droṇa pleased them. And so the king, next among the Kurus, acted accordingly.
4.52.27
भीष्मः प्रस्थाप्य राजानं गोधनं तदनन्तरम् ।
सेनामुख्यान्व्यवस्थाप्य व्यूहितुं संप्रचक्रमे ॥ ४.५२.२७ ॥
Bhīṣma, having sent off the king and afterwards the herds of cattle, and having arranged the chief warriors of the army, began to array the troops in formation.
4.52.28
द्रोणस्योपरते वाक्ये भीष्मः प्रोवाच बुद्धिमान् ।
आचार्य मध्ये तिष्ठ त्वमश्वत्थामा तु सव्यतः।
कृपः शारद्वतो धीमान्पार्श्वं रक्षतु दक्षिणम् ॥ ४.५२.२८ ॥
When Droṇa's speech had ceased, the wise Bhīṣma spoke: "Teacher, you stand in the centre; let Aśvatthāman be on the left, and let the wise Kṛpa, son of Śaradvat, guard the right flank."
4.52.29
विकर्णश्च महावीर्यो दुर्मुखश्च परन्तपः ।
शकुनिः सौबलश्चैव दुःसहश्च महाबलः ।
द्रोणस्य पार्श्वमजिताः पालयन्तु महाबलाः ॥ ४.५२.२९ ॥
Vikarṇa of great valour, Durmukha, scorcher of foes, Śakuni son of Subala, and Duḥsaha of great might—let these unconquered, mighty warriors guard the flank of Droṇa.
4.52.30
अग्रतः सूतपुत्रस्तु कर्णस्तिष्ठतु दंशितः ।
अहं सर्वस्य सैन्यस्य पश्चात्स्थास्यामि पालयन् ॥ ४.५२.३० ॥
Let Karṇa, the son of a charioteer, stand armoured in front; I shall stand behind, guarding the whole army.
4.52.31
सर्वे महारथाः शूरा महेष्वासा महाबलाः ।
युद्ध्यन्तु पाण्डवश्रेष्ठमागतं यत्नतो युधि ॥ ४.५२.३१ ॥
Let all the great charioteers, heroes, great archers and mighty warriors fight with care against the foremost of the Pāṇḍavas, who has come into battle.
4.52.32
अभेद्यं परसैन्यानां व्यूहं व्यूह्य कुरूत्तमः ।
वज्रगर्भं व्रीहिमुखं पद्मचन्द्रार्धमण्डलम् ॥ ४.५२.३२ ॥
Having arrayed an impenetrable formation against the enemy armies, the best of the Kurus formed the array called Vajra-core, Rice-head, the Lotus, and the Half-moon circle.
4.52.33
तस्य व्यूहस्य पश्चार्धे भीष्मश्चाथोद्यतायुधः ।
सौवर्णं तालमुच्छ्रित्य रथे तिष्ठन्नशोभत ॥ ४.५२.३३ ॥
In the rear half of that formation, Bhīṣma stood on his chariot with weapons raised, lifting high his golden palm-tree banner, and he shone forth.