Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 5.33

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5.33.1

द्वाःस्थं प्राह महाप्राज्ञो धृतराष्ट्रो महीपतिः ।
विदुरं द्रष्टुमिच्छामि तमिहानय मा चिरम् ॥ ५.३३.१ ॥

The very wise lord of the earth, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, said to the doorkeeper: 'I wish to see Vidura. Bring him here without delay.'

5.33.2

प्रहितो धृतराष्ट्रेण दूतः क्षत्तारमब्रवीत् ।
ईश्वरस्त्वां महाराजो महाप्राज्ञ दिदृक्षति ॥ ५.३३.२ ॥

The messenger sent by Dhṛtarāṣṭra said to the steward: 'O very wise one, the great king, my lord, wishes to see you.'

5.33.3

एवमुक्तस्तु विदुरः प्राप्य राजनिवेशनम् ।
अब्रवीद्धृतराष्ट्राय द्वाःस्थं मां प्रतिवेदय ॥ ५.३३.३ ॥

Thus addressed, Vidura reached the royal palace and said to Dhṛtarāṣṭra: 'Announce my arrival to the doorkeeper.'

5.33.4

विदुरोऽयमनुप्राप्तो राजेन्द्र तव शासनात् ।
द्रुष्टुमिच्छति ते पादौ किं करोतु प्रशाधि माम् ॥ ५.३३.४ ॥

The doorkeeper said: 'O lord of kings, Vidura has arrived by your command and wishes to see your feet. What should he do? Instruct me.'

5.33.5

प्रवेशय महाप्रज्ञं विदुरं दीर्घदर्शिनम् ।
अहं हि विदुरस्यास्य नाकल्पो जातु दर्शने ॥ ५.३३.५ ॥

Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: 'Admit the very wise, far-seeing Vidura. For me, seeing Vidura is never unfitting.'

5.33.6

प्रविशान्तःपुरं क्षत्तर्महारादजस्य धीमतः ।
न हि ते दर्शनेऽकल्पो जातु राजाऽब्रवीद्धि माम् ॥ ५.३३.६ ॥

The doorkeeper said: 'O steward, enter the inner palace. For you, seeing that wise great king never fits ill; the king himself has told me so.'

5.33.7

ततः प्रविश्य विदुरो धृतराष्ट्रनिवेशनम् ।
अब्रवीत्प्राञ्जलिर्वाक्यं चिन्तयानं नराधिपम् ॥ ५.३३.७ ॥

Then Vidura entered the dwelling of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and with folded hands spoke these words to the lord of men, who was lost in thought.

5.33.8

विदुरोऽहं महाप्राज्ञ संप्राप्तस्तव शासनात् ।
यदि किंचन कर्तव्यमयमस्मि प्रशाधि माम् ॥ ५.३३.८ ॥

Vidura: O very wise one, I have come at your command. If there is anything to be done, here I am; instruct me.

5.33.9

सञ्जयो विदुर प्राप्तो गर्हयित्वा च मां गतः ।
अजातशत्रोः श्वो वाक्यं सभामध्ये स वक्ष्यति ॥ ५.३३.९ ॥

Dhṛtarāṣṭra: Vidura, Sañjaya has come, reproached me, and gone. Tomorrow he will speak Ajātaśatru's (Yudhiṣṭhira's) words in the midst of the assembly.

5.33.10

तस्याद्य कुरुवीरस्य न विज्ञातं वचो मया ।
तन्मे दहति गात्राणि तदकार्षीत्प्रजागरम् ॥ ५.३३.१० ॥

Dhṛtarāṣṭra: Today I did not understand that Kuru hero's word. It burns my limbs, and it has kept me awake all night.

5.33.11

आग्रतो दह्यमानस्य श्रेयो यदनुपश्यसि ।
तद्ब्रूहि त्वं हि नस्तात धर्मार्थकुशलो ह्यसि ॥ ५.३३.११ ॥

Dhṛtarāṣṭra: I am burning before you; tell us, dear one, the good you see, for you are skilled in dharma and artha.

5.33.12

यतः प्राप्तः सञ्जयः पाण्डवेभ्यो ।
न मे यथावन्मनसः प्रशान्तिः ।
सर्वेन्द्रियाण्यप्रकृतिं गतानि ।
किं वक्ष्यतीत्येव मेऽद्य प्रचिन्ता ॥ ५.३३.१२ ॥

Dhṛtarāṣṭra: Since Sañjaya has come from the Pāṇḍavas, my mind has no proper calm; all my senses have fallen out of their natural state. 'What will he say?' — this is my anxious thought today.

5.33.13

तन्मे ब्रूहि विदुर त्वं यथाव-
न्मनीषितं सर्वमजातशत्रोः ।
यथा न नस्तात हितं भवेच्च ।
प्रजाश्च सर्वाः सुखिता भवेयुः ॥ ५.३३.१३ ॥

Vidura, tell me exactly all that Ajātaśatru desires, so that it may be good for us, dear one, and all subjects may be happy.

5.33.14

अभियुक्तं बलवता दुर्बलं हीनसाधनम् ।
हृतस्वं कामिनं चोरमाविशन्ति प्रजागराः ॥ ५.३३.१४ ॥

Upon one accused by the mighty, the weak, the lacking in means, the one robbed of wealth, the lustful, and the thief, sleepless cares enter.

5.33.15

कच्चिदेतैर्महादोषैर्न स्पृष्टोऽसि नराधिप ।
कच्चिच्च परवित्तेषु गृद्ध्यन्न परितप्यसे ॥ ५.३३.१५ ॥

O lord of men, have you not been touched by these great faults? And, coveting others' wealth, are you not tormented?

5.33.16

श्रोतुमिच्छामि ते धर्म्यं परं नैश्रेयसं वचः ।
अस्मिन्रादर्षिवंशे हि त्वमेकः प्राज्ञसंमतः ॥ ५.३३.१६ ॥

I wish to hear from you a righteous, supreme word that leads to the highest good, for in this lineage of royal sages you alone are esteemed by the wise.

5.33.17

राजा लक्षणसंपन्नस्त्रैलोक्यस्याधिपो भवेत् ।
प्रेष्यस्ते प्रेषितश्चैव धृतराष्ट्र युधिष्ठिरः ॥ ५.३३.१७ ॥

A king endowed with the marks of royalty might be lord of the three worlds; O Dhṛtarāṣṭra, Yudhiṣṭhira is your servant, and he too was sent by you.

5.33.18

विपरीततरश्च त्वं भागधेये न संमतः ।
अर्चिषां प्रक्षयाच्चैव धर्मात्मा धर्मकोविदः ॥ ५.३३.१८ ॥

You are more contrary to fortune, and so you are not approved by fate; but Yudhiṣṭhira, righteous-souled and expert in dharma, arose from the extinction of the flames.

5.33.19

आनृशंस्यादनुक्रोशाद्धर्मात्सत्यात्पराक्रमात् ।
गुरुत्वात्त्वयि संप्रेक्ष्य बहून्क्लेशांस्तितिक्षते ॥ ५.३३.१९ ॥

Out of gentleness, compassion, righteousness, truth and valour, and considering your weight and dignity, he endures many hardships.

5.33.20

दुर्योधने सौबले च कर्णे दुःशासने तथा ।
एतेष्वैश्वर्यमाधाय कथं त्वं भूतिमिच्छसि ॥ ५.३३.२० ॥

Entrusting sovereignty to Duryodhana, to Śakuni son of Subala, to Karṇa and to Duḥśāsana, how can you desire prosperity?

5.33.21

आत्मज्ञानं समारम्भस्तितिक्षा धर्मनित्यता ।
यमर्थान्नापकर्षन्ति स वै पण्डित उच्यते ॥ ५.३३.२१ ॥

Knowledge of the self, diligent effort, forbearance and constancy in dharma — he whom these do not draw away from his aims, he indeed is called a wise man.

5.33.22

एकस्माद्वृक्षाद्यज्ञपात्राणि राज-
न्स्रुक्व द्रोणी पेठनीपीडने च।
एतस्माद्राजन्ब्रुवतो मे निबोध ।
एकस्माद्वै जायतेऽसच्च सच्च ॥ ५.३३.२२ ॥

O king, from one tree are made the sacrificial vessels — the sruk, the droṇī, the peṭhanī and the press. Hear from me, O king: from that same one arises both the unreal and the real.

5.33.23

निषेवते प्रशस्तानि निन्दितानि न सेवते ।
अनास्तिकः श्रद्दधान एतत्पण्डितलक्षणम् ॥ ५.३३.२३ ॥

He who cultivates what is praiseworthy and does not cultivate what is blameworthy, who is not a disbeliever but has faith — this is the mark of a wise man.

5.33.24

क्रोधो हर्षश्च दर्पश्च ह्रीः स्तम्भो मान्यमानिता ।
यमर्थान्नापकर्षन्ति स वै पण्डित उच्यते ॥ ५.३३.२४ ॥

Anger, elation, pride, shame, rigidity and the vanity of being honoured — he whom these do not draw away from his aims, he indeed is called a wise man.

5.33.25

यस्य कृत्यं न जानन्ति मन्त्रं वा मन्त्रितं परे ।
कृतमेवास्य जानन्ति स वै पण्डित उच्यते ॥ ५.३३.२५ ॥

Whose deeds and secret counsel others do not know, knowing only what has been done, he indeed is called a wise man (paṇḍita).

5.33.26

यस्य कृत्यं न विघ्नन्ति शीतमुष्णं भयं रतिः ।
समृद्धिरसमृद्धिर्वा स वै पण्डित उच्यते ॥ ५.३३.२६ ॥

Whose undertaking is not obstructed by cold or heat, fear or delight, prosperity or adversity, he indeed is called a wise man (paṇḍita).

5.33.27

यस्य संसारिणी प्रज्ञा धर्मार्थावनुवर्तते ।
कामादर्थं वृणीते यः स वै पण्डित उच्यते ॥ ५.३३.२७ ॥

Whose worldly understanding follows dharma and artha, and who chooses wealth (artha) rather than from desire, he indeed is called a wise man (paṇḍita).

5.33.28

यथाशक्ति चिकीर्षन्ति यथाशक्ति च कुर्वते ।
किंचिदवमन्यन्ते नराः पण्डितबुद्धयः ॥ ५.३३.२८ ॥

Men of wise intelligence desire to act according to their ability, act according to their ability, and do not disdain anything at all.

5.33.29

क्षिप्रं विजानाति चिरं श्रृणोति ।
विज्ञाय चार्थं भजते न कामात्।
नासंपृष्टो ह्युपयुङ्क्ते परार्थे ।
तत्प्रज्ञानं प्रथमं पण्डितस्य ॥ ५.३३.२९ ॥

He understands quickly and listens long. Having understood the matter, he applies himself to it, not from desire. Unasked, he does not meddle in another's affair. This is the first wisdom of the paṇḍita.

5.33.30

नाप्राप्यमभिवाञ्छन्ति नष्टं नेच्छन्ति शोचितुम् ।
आपत्सु च न मुह्यन्ति नराः पण्डितबुद्धयः ॥ ५.३३.३० ॥

Men of wise intelligence do not desire what cannot be obtained, do not wish to grieve over what is lost, and are not bewildered in calamities.

5.33.31

निश्चित्य यः प्रक्रमते नान्तर्वसति कर्मणः ।
अवन्ध्यकालो वश्यात्मा स वै पण्डित उच्यते ॥ ५.३३.३१ ॥

He who, having resolved, sets about his task, does not dwell in hesitation during action, wastes no time, and has mastered his self — he indeed is called a wise man.

5.33.32

आर्यकर्मणि रज्यन्ते भूतिकर्माणि कुर्वते ।
हितं च नाभ्यसूयन्ति पण्डिता भरतर्षभ ॥ ५.३३.३२ ॥

Delighting in noble deeds, the wise perform works that bring welfare, and they do not begrudge what is beneficial, O bull of the Bharatas.

5.33.33

न हृष्यत्यात्मसंमाने नावमानेन तप्यते ।
गाङ्गो ह्रद इवाक्षोभ्यो यः स पण्डित उच्यते ॥ ५.३३.३३ ॥

He who does not rejoice in self-honor, nor is distressed by dishonor, and who remains unshaken like the lake of the Ganges — he is called a wise man.

5.33.34

तत्त्वज्ञः सर्वभूतानां योगज्ञः सर्वकर्मणाम् ।
उपायज्ञो मनुष्याणां नरः पण्डित उच्यते ॥ ५.३३.३४ ॥

The man who knows the truth of all beings, the method of all actions, and the means for men — that man is called a wise man.

5.33.35

प्रवृत्तवाक् चित्रकथ ऊहवान्प्रतिभानवान् ।
आशु ग्रन्थस्य वक्ता च यः स पण्डित उच्यते ॥ ५.३३.३५ ॥

He who speaks fluently, tells wondrous tales, is skilled in reasoning and ready-witted, and swiftly expounds a text — he is called a wise man.

5.33.36

श्रुतं प्रज्ञानुगं यस्य प्रज्ञा चैव श्रुतानुगा ।
असंभिन्नार्यमर्यादः पण्डिताख्यां लभेत सः ॥ ५.३३.३६ ॥

Whose learning follows understanding and whose understanding follows learning, who does not break the noble boundaries — let him obtain the name of wise man.

5.33.37

अर्थं महान्तमासाद्य विद्यामेश्वर्यमेव च ।
विचरत्यसमुन्नद्धो यः स पण्डित उच्यते ॥ ५.३३.३७ ॥

He who, having obtained great wealth, learning and power, conducts himself without arrogance, is called a scholar.

5.33.38

अश्रुतश्च समुन्नद्धो दरिद्रश्च महामनाः ।
अर्थांश्चाकर्मणा प्रेप्सुर्मूढ इत्युच्यते बुधैः ॥ ५.३३.३८ ॥

The unlearned, arrogant, poor man of lofty ambition who seeks wealth without action is called a fool by the wise.

5.33.39

स्वमर्थं यः परित्यज्य परार्थमनुतिष्ठति ।
मिथ्या चरति मित्रार्थे यश्च मूढः स उच्यते ॥ ५.३३.३९ ॥

He who abandons his own good to pursue the good of others, and acts falsely for the sake of a friend, is called a fool.

5.33.40

अकामान्कामयति यः कामयानान्परित्यजेत् ।
बलवन्तं च यो द्वेष्टि तमाहुर्मूढचेतसम् ॥ ५.३३.४० ॥

He who desires those who do not desire him, abandons those who do, and hates the mighty — such a man they call deluded in mind.

5.33.41

अमित्रं कुरुते मित्रं मित्रं द्वेष्टि हिनस्ति च ।
कर्म चारभते दुष्टं तमाहुर्मूढचेतसम् ॥ ५.३३.४१ ॥

He who makes a friend into an enemy, hates and harms his friend, and undertakes wicked deeds — such a man they call deluded in mind.

5.33.42

संसारयति कृत्यानि सर्वत्र विचिकित्सते ।
चिरं करोति क्षिप्रार्थे स मूढो भरतर्षभ ॥ ५.३३.४२ ॥

He who postpones all tasks, doubts everything, and takes a long time even over what must be done swiftly — that man is a fool, O bull of the Bharatas.

5.33.43

श्राद्धं पितृभ्यो न ददाति दैवतानि न चार्चति ।
सुहृन्मित्रं न लभते तमाहुर्मूढचेतसम् ॥ ५.३३.४३ ॥

He who does not offer the śrāddha to the ancestors, does not honour the gods, and wins no friends — such a one is called deluded in mind.

5.33.44

अनाहूतः प्रविशति ह्यपृष्टो बहु भाषते ।
अविश्वस्ते विश्वसिति मूढचेता नराधमः ॥ ५.३३.४४ ॥

He who enters uninvited, speaks much without being asked, and trusts one who is not to be trusted — that deluded-minded lowest of men.

5.33.45

परं क्षिपति दोषेण वर्तमानः स्वयं तथा ।
यश्च क्रुध्यत्यनीशानः स च मूढतमो नरः ॥ ५.३३.४५ ॥

He who, himself caught in the same fault, reproaches another for it, and who grows angry while powerless — that man is the most deluded of all.

5.33.46

आत्मनो बलमाज्ञाय धर्मार्थपरिवर्जितम् ।
अलभ्यमिच्छन्नैष्कर्म्यान्मूढबुद्धिरिहोच्यते ॥ ५.३३.४६ ॥

He who, knowing his own strength, yet stripped of dharma and wealth, desires what cannot be attained through renunciation of action — he is called deluded in intellect here.

5.33.47

अशिष्यं शास्ति यो राजन्यश्च शिष्यं न शास्ति च ।
कदर्यं भजते यश्च तमाहुर्मूढचेतसम् ॥ ५.३३.४७ ॥

O king, he who instructs one who is not a pupil, does not instruct a pupil, and serves a miser — such a one is called deluded in mind.

5.33.48

एकः संपन्नमाश्नाति वस्ते वासश्च शोभनम् ।
योऽसंविभज्य भृत्येभ्यः को नृशंसतरस्ततः ॥ ५.३३.४८ ॥

He who eats fine food alone and wears fine clothing without sharing with his servants — who is more cruel than he?

5.33.49

एकः पापानि कुरुते फलं भुङ्क्ते महाजनः ।
भोक्तारो विप्रमुच्यन्ते कर्ता दोषेण लिप्यते ॥ ५.३३.४९ ॥

One commits the sins, yet the great multitude enjoys the fruit. The enjoyers are freed from the fault; only the doer is stained by it.

5.33.50

एकं हन्यान्न वा हन्यादिषुर्मुक्तो धनुष्मता ।
बुद्धिर्बुद्धिमतोत्सृष्टा हन्याद्राष्ट्रं सराजकम् ॥ ५.३३.५० ॥

An arrow loosed by an archer may kill one man, or may not kill him; but counsel sent forth by a wise man can destroy the kingdom together with its king.

5.33.51

एकया द्वे विनिश्चित्य त्रींश्चतुर्भिर्वशे कुरु ।
पञ्च जित्वा विदित्वा षट् सप्त हित्वा सुखी भवा ॥ ५.३३.५१ ॥

Having settled two by one, bring the three under control by four. Having conquered five, and having known and abandoned six and seven, be happy.

5.33.52

एकं विषरसो हन्ति शस्त्रेणैकश्च वध्यते ।
सराष्ट्रं सप्रजं हन्ति राजानं मन्त्रपिप्लवः ॥ ५.३३.५२ ॥

The juice of poison kills one, and one is slain by a weapon; but the corruption of counsel destroys the king, together with the kingdom and its subjects.

5.33.53

एकः स्वादु न भुञ्जीत एकश्चार्थान्न चिन्तयेत् ।
एको न गच्छेदध्वानं नैकः सुप्तेषु जागृयात् ॥ ५.३३.५३ ॥

One should not eat tasty food alone, nor think about affairs alone. One should not go along the road alone; among those who sleep, one should not stay awake alone.

5.33.54

एकमेवाद्वितीयं तद्यद्राजन्नावबुध्यसे ।
सत्यं स्वगस्य सोपानं पारावारस्य नौरिव ॥ ५.३३.५४ ॥

O king, that alone is one, without a second, and this you do not understand: truth is the staircase to heaven, like a boat across the ocean.

5.33.55

एकः क्षमावतां दोषो द्वितीयो नोपपद्यते ।
यदेनं क्षमया युक्तमशक्तं मन्यते जनः ॥ ५.३३.५५ ॥

For the forbearing there is one fault, and no second arises: people take the man endowed with forbearance to be powerless.

5.33.56

सोऽस्य दोषो न मन्तव्यः क्षमा हि परमं बलम् ।
क्षमा गुणो ह्यशक्तानां शक्तानां भूषणं क्षमा ॥ ५.३३.५६ ॥

That should not be taken as his fault, for forbearance is the supreme strength. Forbearance is the quality of the powerless, and forbearance is also the ornament of the powerful.

5.33.57

क्षमा वशीकृतीर्लोके क्षमया किं न साध्यते ।
शान्तिखङ्गः करे यस्य किं करिष्यति दुर्जनः ॥ ५.३३.५७ ॥

Forbearance subdues the world; what is not accomplished by forbearance? What can the wicked man do to him in whose hand is the sword of peace?

5.33.58

अतृणे पतितो वह्निः स्वयमेवोपशाम्यति ।
अक्षमावान्परं दोषैरात्मानं चैव योजयेत् ॥ ५.३३.५८ ॥

A fire fallen on grassless ground is extinguished of its own accord; the impatient man entangles himself with the faults of others.

5.33.59

एको धर्मः परं श्रेयः क्षमैका शान्तिरुत्तमा ।
विद्यैका परमा तृप्तिरहिंसैका सुखावहा ॥ ५.३३.५९ ॥

Dharma alone is the supreme good; forbearance alone is the highest peace. Knowledge alone is the supreme contentment, and non-violence alone brings happiness.

5.33.60

द्वाविमौ ग्रसते भूमिः सर्पो बलिशयानिव ।
राजानं चाविरोद्धारं ब्राह्मणं चाप्रवासिनम् ॥ ५.३३.६० ॥

The earth swallows these two, as a serpent that lives in a burrow swallows mice: the king who does not oppose, and the brahmin who does not travel abroad.

5.33.61

द्वे कर्मणी नरः कुर्वन्नस्मिँल्लोके विरोचते ।
अब्रुवन्परुषं किंचिदसतोऽनर्चयंस्तथा ॥ ५.३३.६१ ॥

A man who does two things shines in this world: he speaks no harsh word to anyone, and he does not honour the wicked.

5.33.62

द्वाविमौ पुरुषव्याघ्र परप्रत्ययकारिणौ ।
स्त्रियः कामितकामिन्यो मूर्खाः पूजितपूजकाः ॥ ५.३३.६२ ॥

O tiger among men, these two cause others to trust them: women who desire what is desired, and fools who honour those already honoured.

5.33.63

द्वाविमौ कण्टकौ तीक्ष्णौ शरीरपरिशोषिणौ ।
यश्चाधनः कामयते यश्च कुप्यत्यनीश्वरः ॥ ५.३३.६३ ॥

These two are sharp thorns that dry up the body: the one who desires while poor, and the one who grows angry while powerless.

5.33.64

द्वावेव न विराजेते विपरीतेन कर्मणा ।
गृहस्थश्च निरारम्भः कार्यवांश्चैव भिक्षुकः ॥ ५.३३.६४ ॥

By reversed conduct, two shine not: the householder who makes no effort, and the mendicant who still has duties.

5.33.65

द्वाविमौ पुरुषौ राजन्स्वर्गस्योपरि तिष्ठतः ।
प्रभुश्च क्षमया युक्तो दरिद्रश्च प्रदानवान् ॥ ५.३३.६५ ॥

O king, these two men stand above heaven: the powerful man endowed with forbearance, and the poor man who still gives.

5.33.66

न्यायागतस्य द्रव्यस्य बोद्धव्यौ द्वावतिक्रमौ ।
अपात्रे प्रतिपत्तिश्च पात्रे चात्प्रतिपादनम् ॥ ५.३३.६६ ॥

Of wealth rightly acquired, two transgressions are to be known: giving to one who is unworthy, and not giving to one who is worthy.

5.33.67

द्वावभ्यसि निवेष्टव्यौ गले बध्वा दृढां शिलाम् ।
धनवन्तमदातारं दरिद्रं चातपस्विनम् ॥ ५.३३.६७ ॥

Two should be sunk in water, a firm stone tied around their necks: a wealthy man who does not give, and a poor man who is not ascetic.

5.33.68

द्वाविमौ पुरुषव्याघ्र सूर्यमण्डलभेदिनौ ।
परिव्राड्योगयुक्तश्च रणे चाभिमुखो हतः ॥ ५.३३.६८ ॥

O tiger among men, these two pierce the orb of the sun: the wandering ascetic devoted to yoga, and the one slain in battle facing the enemy.

5.33.69

त्रयो न्याया मनुष्याणां श्रूयन्ते भरतर्षभ ।
कनीयान्मध्यमः श्रेष्ठ इति वेदविदो विदुः ॥ ५.३३.६९ ॥

Three kinds of justice among men are heard of, O bull of the Bharatas: the lesser, the middling and the best, so the knowers of the Vedas hold.

5.33.70

त्रिविधाः पुरुषा राजन्नुत्तमाधममध्यमाः ।
नियोजयेद्यथावत्तांस्त्रिविधेष्वेव कर्मसु ॥ ५.३३.७० ॥

Men are of three kinds, O king: the best, the lowest and the middling; one should appoint them properly to works of the three kinds.

5.33.71

त्रय एवाधना राजन्भार्या दासस्तथा सुतः ।
यत्ते समधिगच्छन्ति यस्यैते तस्य तद्धनम् ॥ ५.३३.७१ ॥

Only three are without wealth of their own, O king: a wife, a servant and a son; whatever they acquire belongs to the one to whom they belong.

5.33.72

हरणं च परस्वानां परदाराभिमर्शनम् ।
सुहृदश्च परित्यागस्त्रयो दोषाः क्षयावहाः ॥ ५.३३.७२ ॥

Seizing another's wealth, touching another's wife, and abandoning friends: these three faults bring ruin.

5.33.73

त्रिविधं नरकस्येदं द्वारं नाशनमात्मनः ।
कामः क्रोधस्तथा लोभस्तस्मादेतत्रयं त्यजेत् ॥ ५.३३.७३ ॥

This threefold gate of hell destroys the self: desire, anger, and likewise greed. Therefore one should abandon these three.

5.33.74

वरप्रदानं राज्यं च पुत्रजन्म च भारत ।
शत्रोश्च मोक्षणं कृच्छ्रात्रीणि चैकं च तत्समम् ॥ ५.३३.७४ ॥

O Bhārata, granting boons, a kingdom, the birth of a son, and freeing an enemy from distress—these are three, and one equal to them.

5.33.75

भक्तं च भजमानं च तवास्मीति च वादिनम् ।
त्रीनेताञ्छरणं प्राप्तान्विषमेऽपि कन सन्त्यजेत् ॥ ५.३३.७५ ॥

A devotee, one who serves, and one who says 'I am yours'—these three who have come seeking refuge, no one should abandon even in adversity.

5.33.76

चत्वारि राज्ञा तु महाबलेन ।
वर्ज्यान्याहुः पण्डितस्तानि विद्यात्।
अल्पप्रज्ञैः सह मन्त्रं न कुर्या-
न्न दीर्घसूत्रैरलसैश्चारणैश्च ॥ ५.३३.७६ ॥

A king of great might should avoid four things, as the wise say; the wise should know them. He should not take counsel with the feeble-minded, nor with the procrastinators, nor with the lazy, nor with spies.

5.33.77

चतवारि ते तात गृहे वसन्तु ।
श्रियाऽभिजुष्टस्य गृहस्थधर्मे।
वृद्धो ज्ञातिरवसन्नः कुलीनः ।
सखा दरिद्रो भगिनी चानपत्या ॥ ५.३३.७७ ॥

Dear one, let four dwell in your house, you who are blessed with prosperity and keep the householder's duty: the elder, the kinsman of good family fallen into distress, the poor friend, and the childless sister.

5.33.78

चत्वार्याह महाराज साद्यस्कानि बृहस्पतिः ।
पृच्छते त्रिदशेन्द्राय तानीमानि निबोध मे ॥ ५.३३.७८ ॥

Great king, Bṛhaspati spoke four quick-acting things when asked by Indra, lord of the thirty gods; hear them from me.

5.33.79

देवतानां च सङ्कल्पमनुभावं च धीमताम् ।
विनयं कृतविद्यानां विनाशं पापकर्मणाम् ॥ ५.३३.७९ ॥

The resolve of the gods and the power of the wise, the humility of those who have acquired learning, and the ruin of those who do evil deeds.

5.33.80

चत्वारि कर्माण्यभयंकराणि ।
भयं प्रयच्छन्त्ययथाकृतानि ।
मानाग्निहोत्रमुत मानमौनं ।
मानेनाधीतमुत मानयज्ञः ॥ ५.३३.८० ॥

Four actions are fearful; when done improperly they bring fear: the fire-offering done out of pride, silence kept out of pride, study done out of pride, and sacrifice done out of pride.

5.33.81

पञ्चाग्नयो मनुष्येण परिचर्याः प्रयत्नतः ।
पिता माताग्निरात्मा च गुरुश्च भरतर्षभ ॥ ५.३३.८१ ॥

A man should carefully attend to five fires: father, mother, the sacred fire, the self, and the teacher. O bull of the Bharatas!

5.33.82

पञ्चैव पूजयँल्लोके यशः प्राप्नोति केवलम् ।
देवान्पितॄन्मनुष्यांश्च भिक्षूनतिथिपञ्चमान् ॥ ५.३३.८२ ॥

In the world, one who honours five alone wins fame: the gods, the ancestors, men, mendicants, and guests as the fifth.

5.33.83

पञ्च त्वाऽनुगमिष्यन्ति यत्र यत्र गमिष्यसि ।
मित्राण्यमित्रा मध्यस्था उपजीव्योपजीविनः । ॥ ५.३३.८३ ॥

Wherever you go, five will follow you: friends, enemies, the neutral, those you depend upon, and those who depend upon you.

5.33.84

पञ्चेन्द्रियस्य मर्त्यस्य छिद्रं चेदेकमिन्द्रियम् ।
ततोऽस्य स्रवति प्रज्ञा दृतेः पात्रादिवोदकम् ॥ ५.३३.८४ ॥

If a mortal with five senses has even one sense with a hole in it, his wisdom flows out of him like water from a leather vessel.

5.33.85

षड्दोषाः पुरुषेणेह हातव्या भूतिमिच्छता ।
निद्रा तन्द्री भयं क्रोध आलस्यं दीर्घसूत्रता । ॥ ५.३३.८५ ॥

A man who desires prosperity should abandon six faults here: sleep, drowsiness, fear, anger, laziness, and procrastination.

5.33.86

षडिमान्पुरुषो जह्याद्भिन्नां नावमिवार्णवे ।
अप्रवक्तारमाचार्यमनधीयानमृत्विजम् ॥ ५.३३.८६ ॥

As one abandons a broken boat in the ocean, a man should abandon these six: a teacher who does not teach, one who does not study, and a priest who officiates at sacrifice.

5.33.87

अरक्षितारं राजानं भार्यां चाप्रियवादिनीम् ।
ग्रामकामं च गोपालं वनकामं च नापितम् ॥ ५.३३.८७ ॥

One should abandon a king who does not protect, a wife who speaks unpleasantly, a cowherd who desires the village, and a barber who desires the forest.

5.33.88

षडेव तु गुणाः पुंसा न हातव्याः कदाचन ।
सत्यं दानमनालस्यमनसूया क्षमा धृतिः ॥ ५.३३.८८ ॥

But six virtues should never be abandoned by a man: truthfulness, giving, diligence, freedom from envy, forbearance, and steadfastness.

5.33.89

अर्थागमो नित्यमरोगिता च ।
प्रिया च भार्या प्रियवादिनी च।
वश्यश्च पुत्रोऽर्थकरी च विद्या ।
षड्जीवलोकस्य सुखानि राजन् ॥ ५.३३.८९ ॥

O king, these are the six joys of the living world: a constant gain of wealth, good health, a dear wife who speaks sweetly, an obedient son, and knowledge that brings wealth.

5.33.90

षण्णामात्मनि नित्यानामैश्वर्यं योऽधिगच्छति ।
न स पापैः कुतोऽनर्थैर्युज्यते विजितेन्द्रियः ॥ ५.३३.९० ॥

How can he who attains lordship over the six eternal things within himself, and has conquered his senses, be joined to sins and misfortunes?

5.33.91

षडिमे षट्सु जीवन्ति सप्तमो नोपलभ्यते ।
चोराः प्रमत्ते जीवन्ति व्याधितेषु चिकित्सकाः ॥ ५.३३.९१ ॥

These six live upon six; a seventh is not perceived. Thieves live among the heedless; physicians live among the sick.

5.33.92

प्रमदाः कामयानेषु यजमानेषु याजकाः ।
राजा विवदमानेषु नित्यं मूर्खेषु पण्डिताः ॥ ५.३३.९२ ॥

Women live among men who desire; priests live among sacrificers. The king lives among the quarrelling; the wise always live among the foolish.

5.33.93

षडिमानि विनश्यन्ति मुहूर्तमनवेक्षणात् ।
गावः सेवा कृषिर्भार्या विद्या वृषलसङ्गतिः ॥ ५.३३.९३ ॥

These six perish through a moment's neglect: cows, service, agriculture, a wife, learning, and association with a low-born man.

5.33.94

षडेते ह्यवमन्यन्ते नित्यं पूर्वोपकारिणम् ।
आचार्यं शिक्षिताः शिष्याः कृतदाराश्च मातरं ॥ ५.३३.९४ ॥

These six always disrespect one who formerly did them good: students who have been taught disrespect their teacher, and men who have taken a wife disrespect their mother.

5.33.95

नारीं विगतकामास्तु कृतार्थाश्च प्रयोजकम् ।
नावं निस्तीर्णकान्तारा नातुराश्च चिकित्सकं ॥ ५.३३.९५ ॥

Those whose desire has faded abandon a woman, and those whose aim is accomplished abandon the one who enabled it. Those who have crossed the wilderness abandon the boat, and the sick who have recovered abandon the physician.

5.33.96

आरोग्यमानृण्यमविप्रवासः ।
सद्भिर्मनुष्यैः सह संप्रयोगः।
स्वप्रत्यया वृत्तिरभीतवासः ।
षट् जीवलोकस्य सुखानि राजन् ॥ ५.३३.९६ ॥

Health, freedom from debt, not living abroad, association with good people, a livelihood that depends on oneself, and a fearless dwelling — these, O king, are the six joys of the world of the living.

5.33.97

ईर्षुर्धृणी नसन्तुष्टः क्रोधनो नित्यशङ्कितः ।
परभाग्योपजीवी च षडेते नित्यदुःखिताः ॥ ५.३३.९७ ॥

The envious, the merciless, the discontented, the irascible, the ever-suspicious, and those who live on another's fortune — these six are always miserable.

5.33.98

सप्त दोषाः सदा राज्ञा हातव्या व्यसनोदयाः ।
प्रायशो यैर्विनश्यन्ति कृतमूला अपीश्वराः ॥ ५.३३.९८ ॥

A king must always abandon the seven faults that arise from vices, by which even rulers with firmly rooted power are generally destroyed.

5.33.99

स्त्रियोऽक्षा मृगया पानं वाक्पारुष्यं च पञ्चमम् ।
महच्च दण्डपारुष्यमर्थदूषणमेव च ॥ ५.३३.९९ ॥

Women, dice, hunting, drink, harsh speech as the fifth, great harshness in punishment, and the squandering of wealth — these.

5.33.100

अष्टौ पूर्वनिमित्तानि नरस्य विनशिष्यतः ।
ब्राह्मणान्प्रथमं द्वेष्टि ब्राह्मणैश्च विरुध्यते ॥ ५.३३.१०० ॥

A man who is about to perish shows eight prior signs: first, he hates brahmins, and he quarrels with brahmins.

5.33.101

ब्राह्मणस्वानि चादत्ते ब्राह्मणांश्च जिघांसति ।
रमते निन्दया चैषां प्रशंसां नाभिनन्दति ॥ ५.३३.१०१ ॥

He seizes the property of brahmins, desires to kill brahmins, delights in reviling them, and does not welcome their praise.

5.33.102

नैनान्स्मरति कृत्येषु याचितश्चाभ्यसूयति ।
एतान्दोषान्नरः प्राज्ञो बुद्ध्या बुध्वा विसर्जयेत् ॥ ५.३३.१०२ ॥

He does not remember them in his duties, and when asked he resents them. A wise man, having recognised these faults with his intellect, should abandon them.

5.33.103

अष्टाविमानि हर्षस्य नवनीतानि भारत ।
वर्तमानानि दृश्यन्ते तान्येव स्वसुखान्यपि ॥ ५.३३.१०३ ॥

O Bhārata, these are the eight fresh-butters of joy; they are seen to exist, and they are themselves one's own pleasures.

5.33.104

समागमश्च सखिभिर्महांश्चैव धनागमः ।
पुत्रेण च परिष्वङ्गः सन्निपातश्च मैथुने ॥ ५.३३.१०४ ॥

Meeting with friends, and the great arrival of wealth, an embrace of a son, and union in lovemaking.

5.33.105

समये च प्रियालापः स्वयूथ्येषु समुन्नतिः ।
अभिप्रेतस्य लाभश्च पूजा च जनसंसदि ॥ ५.३३.१०५ ॥

Pleasant talk at the proper time, advancement among one's own company, gain of what is desired, and honour in the assembly of people.

5.33.106

अष्टौ गुमाः पुरुषं दीपयन्ति ।
प्रज्ञा च कौल्यं च दमः श्रुतं च।
पराक्रमश्चाबहुभाषिता च ।
दानं यथाशक्ति कृतज्ञता च ॥ ५.३३.१०६ ॥

Eight qualities adorn a man: wisdom, noble birth, self-restraint, learning, valour, speaking little, giving according to one's ability, and gratitude.

5.33.107

नवद्वारमिदं वेश्म त्रिस्थूणं पञ्चसाक्षिकम् ।
क्षेत्रज्ञाधिष्ठितं विद्वान्यो वेद स परः कविः ॥ ५.३३.१०७ ॥

This house has nine gates, three pillars and five witnesses, and is presided over by the knower of the field; the wise man who knows this is the supreme sage.

5.33.108

दश धर्मं न जानन्ति धृतराष्ट्र निबोध तान् ।
मत्तः प्रमत्त उन्मत्तः श्रान्तः क्रुद्धो बुभुक्षितः ॥ ५.३३.१०८ ॥

O Dhṛtarāṣṭra, ten kinds of people do not know dharma; understand them: the intoxicated, the heedless, the mad, the weary, the angry, and the hungry.

5.33.109

त्वरमाणश्च लुब्धश्च भीतः कामी च ते दश ।
तस्मादेतेषु भावेषु न प्रसञ्जेत पण्डितः ॥ ५.३३.१०९ ॥

The hasty, the greedy, the frightened, and the lustful — these are the ten. Therefore the wise man should not cling to these states.

5.33.110

अत्रैवोदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
पुत्रार्थमसुरेन्द्रेण गीतं चैव सुधन्वना ॥ ५.३३.११० ॥

Here they recite this ancient history, which was sung for the sake of a son by the lord of the Asuras and by Sudhanvan.

5.33.111

यः काममन्यू प्रजहाति राजा ।
पात्रे प्रतिष्ठापयते धनं च।
विशेषविच्छ्रुतवान्क्षिप्रकारी ।
तं सर्वलोकः कुरुते प्रमाणम् ॥ ५.३३.१११ ॥

The king who gives up desire and anger, who places wealth in worthy hands, who knows distinctions, is learned, and acts swiftly — all the people take him as their standard.

5.33.112

जानाति विश्वासयितुं मनुष्यान् ।
विज्ञातदोषेषु दधाति दण्डम्।
जानाति मात्रां च तथा क्षमां च ।
तं तादृशं श्रीर्जुषते समग्रा ॥ ५.३३.११२ ॥

He who knows how to win men's trust, who punishes known faults, who knows both measure and forbearance — such a man is attended by complete fortune.

5.33.113

सुदुर्बलं नावजानाति कंचि-
द्युक्तो रिपुं सेवते बुद्धिपूर्वम्।
न विग्रहं रोचयते बलस्थैः ।
काले च यो विक्रमते स धीरः ॥ ५.३३.११३ ॥

He who does not despise even the very weak, who wisely and deliberately deals with an enemy while remaining alert, who does not desire war with the mighty, and who strikes at the right time — he is the steady one.

5.33.114

प्राप्याप न व्यथते कदाचि-
दुद्योगमान्वच्छति चाप्रमत्तः ।
दुःखं च काले सहते महात्मा ।
धुरन्धरस्तस्य जिताः सपत्नाः ॥ ५.३३.११४ ॥

Having met with misfortune, he is never distressed; vigilant, he seeks effort. In due time he endures sorrow—that great-souled one is a bearer of burdens; his enemies are conquered.

5.33.115

अनर्थकं विप्रवासं गृहेभ्यः ।
पापैः सन्धिं परदाराभिमर्शम्।
दम्भं स्तैन्यं पैशुनं मद्यमानं ।
न सेवते यः स सुखी सदैव ॥ ५.३३.११५ ॥

He who does not practise the useless wandering far from home, alliance with the wicked, touching another's wife, hypocrisy, theft, slander, intoxicants and pride—he alone is always happy.

5.33.116

न संरम्भेणारभते त्रिवर्ग-
माकारितः शंसति तत्त्वमेव।
न मित्रार्थे रोचयते विवादं ।
नापूजितः कुप्यति चाप्यमूढः ॥ ५.३३.११६ ॥

He does not undertake the threefold aim in anger; when summoned he speaks only the truth. For a friend's sake he does not approve of quarrel; unhonoured, yet not deluded, he does not grow angry.

5.33.117

न योऽभ्यसूयत्सयनुकम्पते च ।
न दुर्बलः प्रातिभाव्यं करोति।
नात्याह किंचित्क्षमते विवादं ।
सर्वत्र तादृग्लभते प्रशंसाम् ॥ ५.३३.११७ ॥

He who finds no fault in others and shows compassion, who as a weakling gives no surety, who says little more and bears quarrel—such a man obtains praise everywhere.

5.33.118

यो नोद्धतं कुरुते जातु वेषं ।
न पौरुषेणापि विकत्थतेऽन्यान्।
न मूर्च्छितः कटुकान्याह किंचि-
त्प्रियं सदा तं कुरुते जनो हि ॥ ५.३३.११८ ॥

He who never adopts an arrogant bearing, does not boast of others by his valour, and, though stupefied, speaks no harsh words—people always hold him dear.

5.33.119

न वैरमुद्दिपयति प्रशान्तं ।
न दर्पमारोहति शान्तिमेति।
न दुर्गतोऽस्मीति करोत्यकार्यं ।
तमार्यशीलं परमाहुरार्याः ॥ ५.३३.११९ ॥

He who does not stir enmity toward one who is calm, does not mount into pride but attains peace, and does not do what should not be done merely because he thinks himself fallen into misfortune — such a one the noble ones call the supreme man of noble character.