Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 5.35

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5.35.1

ब्रूहि भूयो महाबुद्धे धर्मार्थसहितं वचः ।
शृण्वतो नास्ति मे तृप्तिर्विचित्राणीह भाषसे ॥ ५.३५.१ ॥

O man of great wisdom, speak again words joined with dharma and wealth. Though I listen, I am not satisfied, for you speak wondrous things here.

5.35.2

सर्वतीर्थेषु वा स्नानं सर्वभूतेषु चार्जवम् ।
उभे एते समे स्यातामार्जवं वा विशिष्यते ॥ ५.३५.२ ॥

Bathing at all sacred fords, or uprightness toward all beings—these two may be equal; yet uprightness is held to be superior.

5.35.3

आर्जवं प्रतिपद्यस्व पुत्रेषु सततं विभो ।
इह कीर्तिं परां प्राप्य प्रेत्य स्वर्गमवाप्स्यसि ॥ ५.३५.३ ॥

O mighty one, always practise uprightness toward your sons. Having obtained supreme fame here, after death you will attain heaven.

5.35.4

यावत्कीर्तिर्मनुष्यस्य पुण्या लोकेषु गीयते ।
तावत्स पुरुषव्याघ्र स्वर्गलोके महीयते ॥ ५.३५.४ ॥

As long as a man's meritorious fame is sung among the worlds, so long, O tiger among men, is he honoured in the heavenly world.

5.35.5

अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
विरोचनस्य संवादं केशिन्यर्थे सुधन्वना ॥ ५.३५.५ ॥

Here too people cite this ancient legend: the dialogue of Virocana and Sudhanvan on account of Keśinī.

5.35.6

केशिन्युवाच ।
किं ब्राह्मणाः स्विच्छ्रेयांसो दितिजाः स्विद्विरोचन ।
अथ केन स्म पर्यङ्कं सुधन्वा नाधिरोहति ॥ ५.३५.६ ॥

Keśinī said: O Virocana, are the brahmins superior, or are the sons of Diti superior? Then why does Sudhanvan not mount the couch?

5.35.7

प्राजापत्या हि वै श्रेष्ठा वयं केशिनि सत्तमाः ।
अस्माकं खल्विमे लोकाः के देवाः के द्विजातयः ॥ ५.३५.७ ॥

We, descended from Prajāpati, are the best, O Keśinī, the most excellent. These worlds are ours; who are the gods, and who the twice-born?

5.35.8

केशिन्युवाच ।
इहैवास्स्व प्रतीक्षाव उपस्थाने विरोचन ।
सुधन्वा प्रातरागन्ता पश्येयं वां समागतौ ॥ ५.३५.८ ॥

Keśinī said: Virocana, sit right here; let us wait at the assembly place. Sudhanvan will come in the morning; I shall see the two of you meet together.

5.35.9

तथा भद्रे करिष्यामि यथा त्वं भीरु भाषसे ।
सुधन्वानं च मां चैव प्रातर्द्रष्टासि सङ्गतौ ॥ ५.३५.९ ॥

Virocana said: Good lady, timid one, I will do just as you say. In the morning you will see Sudhanvan and me meeting together.

5.35.10

सुधन्वोवाच ।
अन्वालभे हिरण्मयं प्राह्रादेऽहं तवासनम् ।
एकत्वमुपसम्पन्नो न त्वासेयं त्वया सह ॥ ५.३५.१० ॥

Sudhanvan said: Son of Prahrāda, I touch your golden seat. Though I have attained oneness with you, I will not sit beside you.

5.35.11

अन्वाहरन्तु फलकं कूर्चं वाप्यथ वा बृसीम् ।
सुधन्वन्न त्वमर्होऽसि मया सह समासनम् ॥ ५.३५.११ ॥

Virocana said: Let them bring a plank, a cushion of kuśa grass, or a mat. Sudhanvan, you are not worthy to sit beside me on an equal seat.

5.35.12

सुधन्वोवाच ।
पितापि ते समासीनमुपासीतैव मामधः ।
बालः सुखैधितो गेहे न त्वं किञ्चन बुध्यसे ॥ ५.३५.१२ ॥

Sudhanvan said: Even your father, when seated nearby, would have made me sit below. Child, raised in comfort at home, you understand nothing.

5.35.13

हिरण्यं च गवाश्वं च यद्वित्तमसुरेषु नः ।
सुधन्वन्विपणे तेन प्रश्नं पृच्छाव ये विदुः ॥ ५.३५.१३ ॥

Gold, cattle and horses — whatever wealth of ours is among the asuras — O Sudhanvan, let us stake that and ask a question which those who know it can answer.

5.35.14

सुधन्वोवाच ।
हिरण्यं च गवाश्वं च तवैवास्तु विरोचन ।
प्राणयोस्तु पणं कृत्वा प्रश्नं पृच्छाव ये विदुः ॥ ५.३५.१४ ॥

Sudhanvan said: O Virocana, let the gold, cattle and horses be yours. But, staking our two lives, let us ask a question which those who know it can answer.

5.35.15

आवां कुत्र गमिष्यावः प्राणयोर्विपणे कृते ।
न हि देवेष्वहं स्थाता न मनुष्येषु कर्हिचित् ॥ ५.३५.१५ ॥

Virocana: Once our lives are staked, where shall we two go? For I shall never stand among the gods, nor ever among men.

5.35.16

सुधन्वोवाच ।
पितरं ते गमिष्यावः प्राणयोर्विपणे कृते ।
पुत्रस्यापि स हेतोर्हि प्रह्रादो नानृतं वदेत् ॥ ५.३५.१६ ॥

Sudhanvan said: Once our lives are staked, let us go to your father. Even for the sake of his own son, Prahlāda will not speak falsehood.

5.35.17

इमौ तौ सम्प्रदृश्येते याभ्यां न चरितं सह ।
आशीविषाविव क्रुद्धावेकमार्गमिहागतौ ॥ ५.३५.१७ ॥

These two who are seen here, who never walked together, have come to one path like two enraged serpents.

5.35.18

किं वै सहैव चरतो न पुरा चरतः सह ।
विरोचनैतत्पृच्छामि किं ते सख्यं सुधन्वना ॥ ५.३५.१८ ॥

Prahlāda: Do you two really walk together now, or did you not walk together before? O Virocana, this I ask: what friendship is yours with Sudhanvan?

5.35.19

न मे सुधन्वना सख्यं प्राणयोर्विपणावहे ।
प्रह्राद तत्त्वां पृच्छामि मा प्रश्नमनृतं वदीः ॥ ५.३५.१९ ॥

There is no friendship between me and Sudhanvan; we two are wagering our lives. Prahrāda, I ask you: do not answer this question falsely.

5.35.20

उदकं मधुपर्कं चाप्यानयन्तु सुधन्वने ।
ब्रह्मन्नभ्यर्चनीयोऽसि श्वेता गौः पीवरीकृता ॥ ५.३५.२० ॥

Let water and a honey-mixture offering be brought for Sudhanvan. Brahmin, you are worthy of honour; let a plump white cow be brought as well.

5.35.21

सुधन्वोवाच ।
उदकं मधुपर्कं च पथ एवार्पितं मम ।
प्रह्राद त्वं तु नौ प्रश्नं तथ्यं प्रब्रूहि पृच्छतोः ॥ ५.३५.२१ ॥

Water and the honey-mixture offering have already been presented to me on the road. Prahrāda, you answer the true question for us two who ask.

5.35.22

पुत्रो वान्यो भवान्ब्रह्मन्साक्ष्ये चैव भवेत्स्थितः ।
तयोर्विवदतोः प्रश्नं कथमस्मद्विधो वदेत् ॥ ५.३५.२२ ॥

Brahmin, whether you are a son or someone else, you stand here as a witness; how should one like us answer the question of those two who dispute?

5.35.23

अथ यो नैव प्रब्रूयात्सत्यं वा यदि वानृतम् ।
एतत्सुधन्वन्पृच्छामि दुर्विवक्ता स्म किं वसेत् ॥ ५.३५.२३ ॥

Now, one who speaks neither truth nor falsehood at all — Sudhanvan, I ask this: where should a false speaker dwell?

5.35.24

सुधन्वोवाच ।
यां रात्रिमधिविन्ना स्त्री यां चैवाक्षपराजितः ।
यां च भाराभितप्ताङ्गो दुर्विवक्ता स्म तां वसेत् ॥ ५.३५.२४ ॥

The night a woman is grieved, the night one defeated at dice spends, and the night one whose limbs are scorched by a burden — that is the night a false speaker should dwell in.

5.35.25

नगरे प्रतिरुद्धः सन्बहिर्द्वारे बुभुक्षितः ।
अमित्रान्भूयसः पश्यन्दुर्विवक्ता स्म तां वसेत् ॥ ५.३५.२५ ॥

Besieged in the city, hungry outside the gate, seeing many enemies — let the one who speaks falsely dwell in that state.

5.35.26

पञ्च पश्वनृते हन्ति दश हन्ति गवानृते ।
शतमश्वानृते हन्ति सहस्रं पुरुषानृते ॥ ५.३५.२६ ॥

By a lie about cattle he destroys five; by a lie about cows, ten; by a lie about horses, a hundred; by a lie about men, a thousand.

5.35.27

हन्ति जातानजातांश्च हिरण्यार्थेऽनृतं वदन् ।
सर्वं भूम्यनृते हन्ति मा स्म भूम्यनृतं वदीः ॥ ५.३५.२७ ॥

Speaking falsehood for the sake of gold, he destroys the born and the unborn; by a lie about land he destroys everything — do not speak a lie about land.

5.35.28

मत्तः श्रेयानङ्गिरा वै सुधन्वा त्वद्विरोचन ।
मातास्य श्रेयसी मातुस्तस्मात्त्वं तेन वै जितः ॥ ५.३५.२८ ॥

O Virocana, greater than me is Sudhanvan, son of Aṅgiras, and greater than you; his mother is superior to his mother, and therefore you were defeated by him.

5.35.29

विरोचन सुधन्वायं प्राणानामीश्वरस्तव ।
सुधन्वन्पुनरिच्छामि त्वया दत्तं विरोचनम् ॥ ५.३५.२९ ॥

O Virocana, this Sudhanvan is the lord of your life-breaths. O Sudhanvan, I wish again for Virocana, who was given by you.

5.35.30

सुधन्वोवाच ।
यद्धर्ममवृणीथास्त्वं न कामादनृतं वदीः ।
पुनर्ददामि ते तस्मात्पुत्रं प्रह्राद दुर्लभम् ॥ ५.३५.३० ॥

Sudhanvan said: Because you chose dharma and did not speak falsehood out of desire, therefore, O Prahlāda, I give back to you that rare son.

5.35.31

एष प्रह्राद पुत्रस्ते मया दत्तो विरोचनः ।
पादप्रक्षालनं कुर्यात्कुमार्याः संनिधौ मम ॥ ५.३५.३१ ॥

O Prahlāda, here is your son Virocana, whom I have given to you. Let him wash my feet in the presence of the maiden.

5.35.32

तस्माद्राजेन्द्र भूम्यर्थे नानृतं वक्तुमर्हसि ।
मा गमः ससुतामात्योऽत्ययं पुत्राननुभ्रमन् ॥ ५.३५.३२ ॥

Therefore, O lord of kings, you should not speak falsehood for the sake of land. Do not go to ruin with your sons and ministers, wandering after your sons.

5.35.33

न देवा यष्टिमादाय रक्षन्ति पशुपालवत् ।
यं तु रक्षितुमिच्छन्ति बुद्ध्या संविभजन्ति तम् ॥ ५.३५.३३ ॥

The gods do not protect as cowherds do, taking up a staff; but whom they wish to protect, they apportion to him with intelligence.

5.35.34

यथा यथा हि पुरुषः कल्याणे कुरुते मनः ।
तथा तथास्य सर्वार्थाः सिध्यन्ते नात्र संशयः ॥ ५.३५.३४ ॥

As a man directs his mind toward the good, so do all his aims come to fulfilment; there is no doubt of this.

5.35.35

न छन्दांसि वृजिनात्तारयन्ति मायाविनं मायया वर्तमानम् ।
नीडं शकुन्ता इव जातपक्षा श्छन्दांस्येनं प्रजहत्यन्तकाले ॥ ५.३५.३५ ॥

The Vedas do not rescue from sin the deceiver who lives by deceit; as birds with grown wings abandon their nest, so the Vedas abandon him at the time of death.

5.35.36

मत्तापानं कलहं पूगवैरं भार्यापत्योरन्तरं ज्ञातिभेदम् ।
राजद्विष्टं स्त्रीपुमांसोर्विवादं वर्ज्यान्याहुर्यश्च पन्थाः प्रदुष्टः ॥ ५.३५.३६ ॥

Drunkenness, quarrel, enmity between groups, discord between husband and wife, division among kinsmen, hatred of the king, dispute between man and woman, and a corrupt path — these are said to be things to be avoided.

5.35.37

सामुद्रिकं वणिजं चोरपूर्वं शलाकधूर्तं च चिकित्सकं च ।
अरिं च मित्रं च कुशीलवं च नैतान्साक्ष्येष्वधिकुर्वीत सप्त ॥ ५.३५.३७ ॥

A seafarer, a merchant, one formerly a thief, a cheat at dice and tokens, a physician, an enemy, a friend, and a bard or actor — one should not admit these seven as witnesses.

5.35.38

मानाग्निहोत्रमुत मानमौनं मानेनाधीतमुत मानयज्ञः ।
एतानि चत्वार्यभयङ्कराणि भयं प्रयच्छन्त्ययथाकृतानि ॥ ५.३५.३८ ॥

Fire-offering done from pride, silence kept from pride, study done from pride, and sacrifice done from pride — these four are fearful; when not performed rightly, they bring only fear.

5.35.39

अगारदाही गरदः कुण्डाशी सोमविक्रयी ।
पर्वकारश्च सूची च मित्रध्रुक्पारदारिकः ॥ ५.३५.३९ ॥

An arsonist, a poisoner, one who eats the kuṇḍa food, a seller of soma, a maker of divisions, a backbiter, a betrayer of friends, and an adulterer.

5.35.40

भ्रूणहा गुरुतल्पी च यश्च स्यात्पानपो द्विजः ।
अतितीक्ष्णश्च काकश्च नास्तिको वेदनिन्दकः ॥ ५.३५.४० ॥

A killer of an embryo, one who lies with his teacher's wife, a twice-born man who drinks liquor, one who is excessively harsh, crow-like (greedy and sly), an unbeliever, and a reviler of the Vedas.

5.35.41

स्रुवप्रग्रहणो व्रात्यः कीनाशश्चार्थवानपि ।
रक्षेत्युक्तश्च यो हिंस्यात्सर्वे ब्रह्महणैः समाः ॥ ५.३५.४१ ॥

One who takes up the sruva ladle, a vrātya outcast, a niggardly or cruel farmer even when wealthy, and whoever harms after being told to protect — all of them are equal to slayers of Brahmins.

5.35.42

तृणोल्कया ज्ञायते जातरूपं युगे भद्रो व्यवहारेण साधुः ।
शूरो भयेष्वर्थकृच्छ्रेषु धीरः कृच्छ्रास्वापत्सु सुहृदश्चारयश्च ॥ ५.३५.४२ ॥

Gold is tested by a straw torch; the good and the virtuous are known by their conduct; the hero is known in fear and in straits of wealth; in grievous calamities the steadfast, the friend and the enemy are known.

5.35.43

जरा रूपं हरति हि धैर्यमाशा मृत्युः प्राणान्धर्मचर्यामसूया ।
क्रोधः श्रियं शीलमनार्यसेवा ह्रियं कामः सर्वमेवाभिमानः ॥ ५.३५.४३ ॥

Old age takes away beauty, hope takes away steadfastness, death takes away life-breaths, envy takes away the practice of dharma. Anger takes away fortune, serving the ignoble takes away good conduct, desire takes away modesty, and arrogance takes away everything.