Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 5.38
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5.38.1
ऊर्ध्वं प्राणा ह्युत्क्रामन्ति यूनः स्थविर आयति ।
प्रत्युत्थानाभिवादाभ्यां पुनस्तान्प्रतिपद्यते ॥ ५.३८.१ ॥
When an elder approaches, a young man's vital breaths rise up within him; by rising and greeting him, they settle back again.
5.38.2
पीठं दत्त्वा साधवेऽभ्यागताय ।
आनीयापः परिनिर्णिज्य पादौ।
सुखं पृष्ट्वा प्रतिवेद्यात्मसंस्थां ।
ततो दद्यादन्नमवेक्ष्य धीरः ॥ ५.३८.२ ॥
Having offered a seat to the worthy guest who has arrived, and brought water to wash his feet thoroughly, having asked after his comfort and made known his own circumstances, the wise man should then consider and give food.
5.38.3
यस्योदकं मधुपर्कं च गां च ।
न मन्त्रवित्प्रतिगृह्णाति गेहे ।
लोभाद्भयादथ कार्पण्यतो वा ।
तस्यानर्थं जीवितमाहुरर्याः ॥ ५.३८.३ ॥
In whose house a learned brahmin does not accept water, the honey-offering, or a cow, out of greed, fear, or stinginess — the noble ones say that his life is ruined.
5.38.4
चिकित्सकः शल्यकर्तावकीर्णी ।
स्तेनः क्रूरो मद्यपो भ्रूणहा च।
सेनाजीवी श्रुतिविक्रायकश्च ।
भृशं प्रियोऽप्यतिथिर्नोदकार्हः ॥ ५.३८.४ ॥
A physician, a surgeon, one who has broken his vow, a thief, a cruel man, a drunkard, a slayer of an embryo, one who lives by soldiering, and one who sells the Vedas — even if he is a most dear guest, he is not worthy of water.
5.38.5
अविक्रेयं लवणं पक्वमन्नं ।
दधि क्षीरं मधु तैलं घृतं च।
तिला मांसं फलमूलानि शाकं ।
रक्तं वासः सर्वगन्धा गुडाश्च ॥ ५.३८.५ ॥
Salt, cooked food, curd, milk, honey, oil and ghee, sesame, meat, fruits and roots, vegetables, red cloth, all fragrances, and molasses — these are not to be sold.
5.38.6
अरोषणो यः समलोष्ठाश्मकाञ्चनः ।
प्रहीणशोको गतसन्धिविग्रहः ।
निन्दाप्रशंसोपरतः प्रियाप्रिये ।
त्यजन्नुदासीनवदेष भिक्षुकः ॥ ५.३८.६ ॥
He who is free from anger, to whom a clod, a stone and gold are alike, whose grief is gone, who is beyond alliance and war, who has withdrawn from blame and praise, and who abandons the dear and the not-dear as one indifferent — this one is a mendicant.
5.38.7
नीवारमूलेङ्गुदशाकवृत्तिः ।
सुसंयतात्माग्निकार्येषु चोद्यः।
वने वसन्नतिथिष्वप्रमत्तो ।
धुरन्धरः पुण्यकृदेष तापसः ॥ ५.३८.७ ॥
He whose livelihood is wild rice, roots, iṅgudī fruit and greens, who is well-restrained in self, eager in the fire-rites, dwelling in the forest, heedful toward guests, a bearer of burdens, and a doer of merit — this one is an ascetic.
5.38.8
अपकृत्य बुद्धिमतो दूरस्थोऽस्मीति नाश्वसेत् ।
दीर्घौ बुद्धिमतो बाहू याभ्यां हिंसति हिंसितः ॥ ५.३८.८ ॥
Having wronged a wise man, one should not feel secure thinking, "I am far away"; for the arms of the wise are long, and with them he strikes, and the one struck suffers.
5.38.9
न विश्वसेदविश्वस्ते विश्वस्ते नातिविश्वसेत् ।
विश्वासाद्भयमुत्पन्नं मूलान्यपि निकृन्तति ॥ ५.३८.९ ॥
One should not trust one who is untrustworthy, and one should not trust even the trustworthy excessively; fear arisen from trust cuts away even the roots.
5.38.10
अनीर्षुर्गुप्तदारश्च संविभागी प्रियंवदः ।
श्लक्ष्णो मधुरवाक्स्त्रीणां न चासां वशगो भवेत् ॥ ५.३८.१० ॥
One should be free from envy, guard one's wife, share what one has, speak pleasantly, be gentle and sweet of speech — yet one should not be under the control of women.
5.38.11
पूजनीया महाभागाः पुण्याश्च गृहदीप्तयः ।
स्त्रियः श्रियो गृहस्योक्तास्तस्माद्रक्ष्या विशेषतः ॥ ५.३८.११ ॥
Women are worthy of honor, greatly blessed, sacred, and the lights of the household; they are called the prosperity of the house, and therefore they must be protected with special care.
5.38.12
पितुरन्तःपुरं दद्यान्मातुर्दद्यान्महानसम् ।
गोषु चात्मसमं दद्यात्स्वयमेव कृषिं व्रजेत्।
भृत्यैर्वाणिज्यचारं च पुत्रैः सेवेत च द्विजान् ॥ ५.३८.१२ ॥
He should entrust the inner apartments to his father and the kitchen to his mother; he should entrust the cattle to one as trustworthy as himself; he should himself attend to agriculture; he should have trade carried on by servants; and he should have the twice-born attended upon by his sons.
5.38.13
अद्भ्योऽग्निर्ब्रह्मतः क्षत्रमश्मनो लोहमुत्थितम् ।
तेषां सर्वत्रगं तेजः स्वासु योनिषु शाम्यति ॥ ५.३८.१३ ॥
Fire arises from water, the warrior power from the priestly power, and iron from stone; their radiance, which reaches everywhere, is quenched in its own source.
5.38.14
नित्यं सन्तं कुले जाताः पावकोपमतेजसः ।
क्षमावन्तो निराकाराः काष्ठेऽग्निरिव शेरते ॥ ५.३८.१४ ॥
Those born in a family who are always good, whose splendour is like fire, who are forbearing and free of outward display, lie hidden like fire in wood.
5.38.15
यस्य मन्त्रं न जानन्ति बाह्याश्चाभ्यन्तराश्च ये ।
स राजा सर्वतश्चक्षुश्चिरमैश्वर्यमश्नुते ॥ ५.३८.१५ ॥
The king whose counsel neither outsiders nor insiders know, who has eyes everywhere, enjoys sovereignty for a long time.
5.38.16
करिष्यन्न प्रभाषेत कृतान्येव तु दर्शयेत् ।
धर्मकामार्थकार्याणि तथा मन्त्रो न भिद्यते ॥ ५.३८.१६ ॥
One should not speak of what one is about to do, but only show what has been done; in this way the counsel on matters of dharma, pleasure and wealth is not broken.
5.38.17
गिरिपृष्ठमुपारुह्य प्रासादं वा रहोगतः ।
अरण्ये निःशलाके वा तत्र मन्त्रोऽभिधीयते ॥ ५.३८.१७ ॥
Having climbed a mountain summit, or gone into seclusion in a palace, or in a forest without any opening, there counsel is to be spoken.
5.38.18
नासुहृत्परमं मन्त्रं भारतार्हति वेदितुम् ।
अपण्डितो वापि सुहृत्पण्डितो वाप्यनात्मवान् ॥ ५.३८.१८ ॥
One who is not a friend is not fit to learn the supreme secret counsel, O Bhārata, whether he be unlearned or a learned friend, if he lacks self-control.
5.38.19
नापरीक्ष्य महीपालः कुर्यात्सचिवमात्मनः ।
अमात्ये ह्यर्थलिप्सा च मन्त्ररक्षणमेव च ॥ ५.३८.१९ ॥
A king should not appoint a counselor for himself without testing him; for in one who is not a minister there is desire for wealth, and the guarding of counsel is likewise at risk.
5.38.20
कृतानि सर्वकार्याणि यस्य पारिषदा विदुः ।
धर्मे चार्थे च कामे च स राजा राजसत्तमः। ॥ ५.३८.२० ॥
The king whose assembly members know all his affairs accomplished — in dharma, in wealth, and in pleasure — he is the best of kings.
5.38.21
गूढमन्त्रस्य नृपतेस्तस्य सिद्धिरसंशयम् ।
अप्रशस्तानि कार्याणि यो मोहादनुतिष्ठति। ॥ ५.३८.२१ ॥
For the king whose counsel is secret, success is beyond doubt; but he who out of delusion undertakes unworthy deeds does not attain it.
5.38.22
स तेषां विपरिभ्रंशाद्भ्रश्यते जीवितादपि ।
कर्मणां तु प्रशस्तानामनुष्ठानं सुखावहम्। ॥ ५.३८.२२ ॥
Through their complete failure he falls even from life; but the performance of praiseworthy deeds brings happiness.
5.38.23
तेषामेवाननुष्ठानं पश्चात्तापकरं मतम् ।
अनधीत्य यथा वेदान्न विप्रः श्राद्धमर्हति । ॥ ५.३८.२३ ॥
Not performing those very deeds is held to cause later remorse, just as a brahmin who has not studied the Vedas is not fit to perform a śrāddha.
5.38.24
एवमश्रुतषाङ्गुण्यो न मन्त्रं श्रोतुमर्हति ।
स्थानवृद्धिक्षयज्ञस्य षाङ्गुण्यविदितात्मनः। ॥ ५.३८.२४ ॥
Thus one who has not learned the six-fold policy is not fit to hear counsel; only one who knows standing, growth and decline, and whose self is known through the six-fold policy, is fit.
5.38.25
अनवज्ञातशीलस्य स्वाधीना पृथिवी नृप ।
अमोघक्रोधहर्षस्य स्वयं कृत्वान्ववेक्षिणः। ॥ ५.३८.२५ ॥
For one whose character is not despised, O king, the earth is under his own control; for one whose anger and joy are not in vain, who himself acts and examines closely.
5.38.26
आत्मप्रत्ययकोशस्य वसुदैव वसुन्धरा ।
नाममात्रेणा तुष्येत छत्रेण च महीपतिः। ॥ ५.३८.२६ ॥
For one whose treasury is self-confidence, the earth gives wealth; a king may be satisfied by the mere name and by the umbrella of sovereignty.
5.38.27
भृत्येभ्यो विसृजेदर्थान्नैकः सर्वहरो भवेत् ।
ब्राह्मणं ब्राह्मणो वेद भर्ता वेद स्त्रियं तथा। ॥ ५.३८.२७ ॥
He should distribute wealth to his servants and not be one who takes everything alone; as a brahmin knows a brahmin, and a husband knows his wife, so likewise.
5.38.28
अमात्यं नृपतिर्वेद राजा राजानमेव च ।
न शत्रुर्वशमापन्नो मोक्तव्यो वध्यतां गतः। ॥ ५.३८.२८ ॥
A king knows his minister, and a king knows another king; an enemy who has fallen under control should not be released, once he has come to the state of being slain.
5.38.29
न्यग्भूत्वा पर्युपासीत वध्वं हन्याद्बले सति ।
अहताद्धि भयं तस्माज्जायते नचिरादिव ॥ ५.३८.२९ ॥
One should attend upon the enemy humbly, and strike when there is strength; from one who has not been struck, fear arises, and it arises not long after.
5.38.30
दैवतेषु प्रयत्नेन राजसु ब्राह्मणेषु च ।
नियन्तव्यः सदा क्रोधो वृद्धबालातुरेषु च ॥ ५.३८.३० ॥
Toward gods, toward kings and toward brahmins, and toward the elderly, the children and the sick, anger must always be carefully restrained.
5.38.31
निरर्थं कलहं प्राज्ञो वर्जयेन्मूढसेवितम् ।
कीर्ति च लभते लोके न चानर्थेन युज्यते ॥ ५.३८.३१ ॥
The wise man should avoid pointless quarrel, which fools practice. He obtains renown in the world and is not joined to misfortune.
5.38.32
प्रसादो निष्फलो यस्य क्रोधश्चापि निरर्थकः ।
न तं भर्तारमिच्छन्ति षण्ढं पतिमिव स्त्रियः ॥ ५.३८.३२ ॥
Whose favor is fruitless and whose anger is also pointless, such a lord is not desired by people, just as women do not desire an impotent husband.
5.38.33
न बुद्धिर्धनलाभाय न जाड्यमसमृद्धये ।
लोकपर्यायवृत्तान्तं प्राज्ञो जानाति नेतरः ॥ ५.३८.३३ ॥
Wisdom is not for gaining wealth, nor is dullness for lack of prosperity. The wise man knows the course of events in the world; another does not.
5.38.34
विद्याशीलवयोवृद्धान्बुद्धिवृद्धांश्च भारत ।
धनाभिजातवृद्धांश्च नित्यं मूढोऽवमन्यते ॥ ५.३८.३४ ॥
O Bhārata, the fool always disrespects those elders in learning, character and age, the elders in wisdom, and the elders in wealth and noble birth.
5.38.35
अनार्यवृत्तमप्राज्ञमसूयकमधार्मिकम् ।
अनर्थाः क्षिप्रमायान्ति वाग्दुष्टं क्रोधनं तथा ॥ ५.३८.३५ ॥
Misfortunes quickly come upon one of ignoble conduct, unwise, envious, unrighteous, foul of speech, and irascible.
5.38.36
अविसंवादनं दानं समयस्याव्यतिक्रमः ।
आवर्तयन्ति भूतानि सम्यक्प्रणिहिता च वाक् ॥ ५.३८.३६ ॥
Peaceable agreement, giving, not breaking a pledge, and speech rightly applied: these turn creatures back.
5.38.37
अविसंवादको दक्षः कृतज्ञो मतिमानृजुः ।
अपि संक्षीणकोशोऽपि लभते परिवारणम् ॥ ५.३८.३७ ॥
The peacemaker, the capable, grateful, wise and upright man obtains the support of his retinue even when his treasury is depleted.
5.38.38
धृतिः शमो दमः शौचं कारुण्यं वागनिष्ठुरा ।
मित्राणां चानभिद्रोहः सप्तैताः समिधः श्रियः ॥ ५.३८.३८ ॥
Steadfastness, calm, self-restraint, purity, compassion, gentle speech and not betraying friends — these seven are the kindling of prosperity.
5.38.39
असंविभागी दुष्टात्मा कृतघ्नो निरपत्रपः ।
तादृङ्वराधिपो लोके वर्जनीयो नराधिप ॥ ५.३८.३९ ॥
The man who shares nothing, wicked of mind, ungrateful and shameless — such a lord of the best, O lord of men, is to be shunned in the world.
5.38.40
न च रात्रौ सुखं शेते ससर्प इव वेश्मनि ।
यः कोपयति निर्दोषं सदोषोऽभ्यन्तरं जनम् ॥ ५.३८.४० ॥
He who, being at fault, provokes an innocent person close to him does not sleep happily at night, as though sleeping in a house with a snake.
5.38.41
येषु दुष्टेषु दोषः स्याद्योगक्षेमस्य भारत ।
सदा प्रसादनं तेषां देवतानामिवाचरेत् ॥ ५.३८.४१ ॥
O descendant of Bharata, those wicked ones through whom a fault would come to the acquisition and security of welfare — one should always appease them as one would the gods.
5.38.42
येऽर्थाः स्त्रीषु समायुक्ताः प्रमत्तपतितेषु च ।
ये चानार्ये समासक्ताः सर्वे ते संशयं गताः ॥ ५.३८.४२ ॥
The wealth bestowed on women, on the heedless and the fallen, and clinging to the ignoble — all of it comes to ruin and doubt.
5.38.43
यत्र स्त्री यत्र कितवो बालो यत्रानुशासिता ।
मञ्जन्ति तेऽवशा राजन्नद्यामश्मप्लवा इव ॥ ५.३८.४३ ॥
Where women rule, where a gambler, a child, or one without discipline holds sway, they sink helpless, O king, like stone rafts in a river.
5.38.44
प्रयोजनेषु ये सक्ता न विशेषेषु भारत ।
तानहं पण्डितान्मन्ये विशेषा हि प्रसङ्गिनः ॥ ५.३८.४४ ॥
Those attached to what is useful, not to trivial particulars, O Bhārata — them I consider wise, for particulars lead only to excess.
5.38.45
यं प्रशंसन्ति कितवा यं प्रशंसन्ति चारणाः ।
यं प्रशंसन्ति बन्धक्यो न स जीवति मानवः ॥ ५.३८.४५ ॥
The man whom gamblers praise, whom bards praise, whom courtesans praise — that man does not live on.
5.38.46
हित्वा तान्परमेष्वासान्पाण्डवानमितौजसः ।
आहितं भारतैश्वर्यं त्वया दुर्योधने महत् ॥ ५.३८.४६ ॥
Having abandoned those supreme archers, the Pāṇḍavas of immeasurable might, you have entrusted the great sovereignty of the Bharatas to Duryodhana.
5.38.47
तं द्रक्ष्यसि परिभ्रष्टं तस्मात्त्वमचिरादिव ।
ऐश्वर्यमदसंमूढं बलिं लोकत्रयादिव ॥ ५.३८.४७ ॥
You will soon see him fallen and ruined, as Bali, bewildered by the intoxication of power, fell from the three worlds.